青海2025自考[海洋科學(xué)與技術(shù)]英語（二）選擇題專練一、單項(xiàng)選擇（共10題，每題1分）1.Theincreasingacidificationoftheoceansposesasignificantthreattomarinebiodiversity,particularlytoorganismswithcalcifyingshells,suchascorals.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexplainstherelationshipbetweenoceanacidificationandcalcification?A.Acidificationincreasestheavailabilityofcalciumcarbonate,enhancingcalcification.B.Acidificationreducestheavailabilityofcarbondioxide,inhibitingcalcification.C.AcidificationdecreasesthepHofseawater,makingitharderfororganismstoformcalciumcarbonatestructures.D.Acidificationpromotesthegrowthofalgae,whichinturnsupportscalcifyingorganisms.2.Inthecontextofmarineprotectedareas(MPAs)inQinghai,whichofthefollowingmeasuresismosteffectiveinensuringthelong-termconservationofendangeredspecieslikethePrzewalski'sgazelle(thoughnotstrictlymarine,oftenstudiedincoastalecosystems)?A.Establishingno-takezoneswherefishingiscompletelyprohibited.B.Encouragingtourismtogeneraterevenueforconservationefforts.C.Introducinginvasivespeciestocontroloverpopulationofnativespecies.D.Focusingsolelyonhabitatrestorationwithoutconsideringwildlifecorridors.3.TheupwellingphenomenonintheeasternpartoftheQinghai-TibetPlateau'scoastalregionsiscrucialforlocalfisheries.Whatisaprimarydriverofupwellinginthisarea?A.Themonsoonwindspushingsurfacewaterawayfromthecoast.B.Themeltingofglaciersreleasingfreshwaterintotheocean.C.Tidalcurrentsinteractingwiththetopographyoftheseabed.D.Theheatingoftheoceansurfacebysolarradiation.4.Whichofthefollowingisakeycharacteristicofdeep-seahydrothermalventsfoundinthewesternpartoftheQinghaiSea?A.Theyareprimarilylocatedinshallowwatersduetotheirproximitytoland.B.Theysupportecosystemsbasedentirelyonsunlightforenergy.C.Theyemithot,mineral-richwaterthatcreatesuniquechemicalenvironments.D.Theyarefoundonlyinareaswithhighlevelsofhumanpollution.5.TheGreatBarrierReefinAustralia,thoughnotinQinghai,servesasamodelforstudyingcoralresilience.WhichofthefollowingfactorshasbeenmostdetrimentaltotheGreatBarrierReefinrecentdecades?A.Naturalclimatevariabilityleadingtoperiodicwarmingevents.B.Theintroductionofartificialreefstoenhancebiodiversity.C.Theconstructionofoffshorewindfarmsthatdisruptwatercurrents.D.Thereductionofnutrientrunofffromagriculturallands.6.Inmarinegeology,seafloorspreadingisafundamentalconcept.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesitssignificance?A.Itexplainstheformationofmountainrangesonland.B.Itistheprocessbywhichnewoceaniccrustiscreatedatmid-oceanridges.C.Itistheprimarycauseofsea-levelriseduetothemeltingofpolaricecaps.D.Itisthemechanismbywhichearthquakesoccuralongtectonicplateboundaries.7.TheIntergovernmentalOceanographicCommission(IOC)isanimportantbodyinmarinescience.Whichofthefollowingactivitiesisprimarilywithinitsmandate?A.Regulatinginternationalfishingquotastopreventoverfishing.B.Conductingdeep-seaminingoperationsininternationalwaters.C.Coordinatingresearchonoceanacidificationanditsimpacts.D.Managingtheglobalshippingindustrytoreducemaritimepollution.8.Marineprotectedareas(MPAs)aredesignedtoconservemarinebiodiversity.WhichofthefollowingisacommonchallengeinestablishingandmaintainingMPAs?A.Insufficientfundingforenforcementandmonitoring.B.ThelackofscientificresearchontheecosystemswithinMPAs.C.Theresistanceoflocalcommunitiestorestrictionsonfishingactivities.D.Theabsenceofinternationalcooperationinprotectingmarineresources.9.TheElNi?o-SouthernOscillation(ENSO)isasignificantclimatephenomenonthataffectsmarineecosystems.WhichofthefollowingisaprimaryimpactofENSOontheQinghaiSea?A.Increasedfishpopulationsduetowarmerwaters.B.Decreasednutrientavailability,leadingtoalgalblooms.C.Changesincurrentpatternsthatdisruptupwellingzones.D.Enhancedcoralgrowthduetohigherwatertemperatures.10.Marinedebris,particularlyplasticpollution,isagrowingconcernintheQinghaiSea.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesitsimpactonmarinelife?A.Itprovideshabitatforsmallorganisms,enhancingbiodiversity.B.Itreducestheamountofsunlightreachingaquaticplants,limitingphotosynthesis.C.Itposesariskofentanglementandingestionformarineanimals.D.ItincreasesthepHofseawater,mitigatingoceanacidification.二、多項(xiàng)選擇（共5題，每題2分）11.WhichofthefollowingarekeyindicatorsofoceanhealthintheQinghaiSea?A.Highlevelsofdissolvedoxygen.B.Lowconcentrationsofpollutants.C.Abundantpopulationsofcommerciallyimportantfishspecies.D.Stablewatertemperaturesthroughouttheyear.E.Thepresenceoflarge-scalealgalblooms.12.TheQinghai-TibetPlateauinfluencesthemarineenvironmentinseveralways.Whichofthefollowingareamongtheseinfluences?A.Theplateau'selevationaffectslocalwindpatterns,influencingcoastalcurrents.B.Glacialmeltwaterfromtheplateaucontributestofreshwaterinputintothesea.C.Theplateau'sgeologicalactivitycreatesseismicrisksalongthecoast.D.Theplateau'sclimateinfluencestheformationofseaiceintheArctic.E.Theplateau'sbiodiversitysupportsmarineecosystemsthroughnutrientcycling.13.Marinebiotechnologyhasnumerousapplications.WhichofthefollowingareexamplesofitsuseintheQinghairegion?A.Developingbiodegradablematerialsfrommarineorganisms.B.Usingmarinemicroorganismstotreatwastewater.C.Creatingpharmaceuticalsfrommarinesponges.D.Engineeringfishtogrowfasterforaquaculture.E.Developingrenewableenergysourcesfromtidalcurrents.14.TheUnitedNationsConventionontheLawoftheSea(UNCLOS)providesaframeworkformaritimeissues.WhichofthefollowingarekeyprinciplesoutlinedinUNCLOS?A.Thefreedomofthehighseasfornavigationandoverflight.B.Therightofcoastalstatestoexploittheresourcesoftheircontinentalshelves.C.Theobligationofallstatestoprotectandpreservethemarineenvironment.D.Therequirementforallshipstocarrycertainsafetyequipment.E.Theestablishmentofmarineprotectedareastoconservebiodiversity.15.Climatechangehassignificantimpactsonmarineecosystems.WhichofthefollowingareamongtheseimpactsintheQinghaiSea?A.Risingseatemperaturesleadingtocoralbleaching.B.Oceanacidificationaffectingcalcifyingorganisms.C.Changesinprecipitationpatternsalteringfreshwaterinput.D.Increasedfrequencyofextremeweathereventsliketyphoons.E.Shiftsinspeciesdistributionsduetochangingoceancurrents.三、判斷題（共5題，每題2分）16.Marineprotectedareas(MPAs)arealwayseffectiveinconservingendangeredspeciesbecausetheyprovidesafehavensfromhumanactivities.17.TheupwellingphenomenonintheQinghaiSeaprimarilyoccursduringthesummermonthsduetotheprevailingwindpatterns.18.Deep-seahydrothermalventssupportuniqueecosystemsthatareindependentofsunlightforenergy.19.TheIntergovernmentalOceanographicCommission(IOC)isresponsibleformanagingallinternationalfisheriesintheQinghaiSea.20.Marinedebris,especiallyplastic,canbebeneficialtomarinelifebyprovidingadditionalhabitatandfoodsources.答案與解析一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.C.AcidificationdecreasesthepHofseawater,makingitharderfororganismstoformcalciumcarbonatestructures.海洋酸化降低了海水的pH值，使得生物更難形成碳酸鈣結(jié)構(gòu)。2.A.Establishingno-takezoneswherefishingiscompletelyprohibited.建立無捕撈區(qū)，完全禁止捕魚。這是最有效的措施，可以確保瀕危物種的長期保護(hù)。3.A.Themonsoonwindspushingsurfacewaterawayfromthecoast.季風(fēng)將表層海水從海岸推走。這是東青海沿岸涌升現(xiàn)象的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因素。4.C.Theyemithot,mineral-richwaterthatcreatesuniquechemicalenvironments.它們發(fā)出熱水，富含礦物質(zhì)，創(chuàng)造了獨(dú)特的化學(xué)環(huán)境。這是深海熱液噴口的關(guān)鍵特征。5.A.Naturalclimatevariabilityleadingtoperiodicwarmingevents.自然氣候變異性導(dǎo)致周期性升溫事件。這是對(duì)大堡礁最具有破壞性的因素。6.B.Itistheprocessbywhichnewoceaniccrustiscreatedatmid-oceanridges.它是中新洋脊處新洋殼形成的過程。這是海底擴(kuò)張的核心概念。7.C.Coordinatingresearchonoceanacidificationanditsimpacts.協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)于海洋酸化及其影響的研究。這是政府間海洋學(xué)委員會(huì)的主要職責(zé)。8.A.Insufficientfundingforenforcementandmonitoring.執(zhí)法和監(jiān)測(cè)資金不足。這是建立和維持海洋保護(hù)區(qū)的一個(gè)常見挑戰(zhàn)。9.C.Changesincurrentpatternsthatdisruptupwellingzones.洋流模式的變化擾亂涌升區(qū)。這是ENSO對(duì)青海海的主要影響。10.C.Itposesariskofentanglementandingestionformarineanimals.它對(duì)海洋動(dòng)物構(gòu)成纏繞和誤食的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這是海洋垃圾對(duì)海洋生物的主要影響。二、多項(xiàng)選擇11.A,B,C,D.Highlevelsofdissolvedoxygen,lowconcentrationsofpollutants,abundantpopulationsofcommerciallyimportantfishspecies,andstablewatertemperaturesthroughouttheyearareallkeyindicatorsofoceanhealth.高水平的溶解氧、低濃度的污染物、商業(yè)重要魚種的大量種群以及全年穩(wěn)定的氣溫都是海洋健康的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)。12.A,B,E.Theplateau'selevationaffectslocalwindpatterns,influencingcoastalcurrents;glacialmeltwaterfromtheplateaucontributestofreshwaterinputintothesea;theplateau'sbiodiversitysupportsmarineecosystemsthroughnutrientcycling.高原的海拔影響局部風(fēng)模式，影響沿岸洋流；高原的冰川融水為海水提供淡水輸入；高原的生物多樣性通過營養(yǎng)循環(huán)支持海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。13.A,B,C,D.Developingbiodegradablematerialsfrommarineorganisms,usingmarinemicroorganismstotreatwastewater,creatingpharmaceuticalsfrommarinesponges,andengineeringfishtogrowfasterforaquacultureareallexamplesofmarinebiotechnologyapplications.從海洋生物中開發(fā)可生物降解材料、使用海洋微生物處理廢水、從海洋海綿中創(chuàng)建藥物以及為水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖改造魚類以使其生長更快，都是海洋生物技術(shù)應(yīng)用的例子。14.A,B,C,E.Thefreedomofthehighseasfornavigationandoverflight,therightofcoastalstatestoexploittheresource