黑龍江2025自考[工商管理]英語(yǔ)（二）高頻題(考點(diǎn))一、選擇題（每題1分，共20分）共20題1.Inthecontextofmodernbusinessmanagement,______iscrucialforachievinglong-termcompetitiveadvantage.A)short-termprofitmaximizationB)sustainabledevelopmentC)frequentrestructuringD)high-costmarketing2.Theterm"stakeholdertheory"emphasizesthatbusinessesshouldconsidertheinterestsof______.A)onlyshareholdersB)employeesandcustomersC)competitorsandsuppliersD)governmentandregulatorybodies3.Whichofthefollowingisakeycharacteristicofa______organization?A)hierarchicalB)flatC)decentralizedD)centralized4.Theprimarygoalofa______strategyistodifferentiateacompany'sproductsorservicesfromcompetitors.A)costleadershipB)marketpenetrationC)productdifferentiationD)marketdevelopment5.Insupplychainmanagement,______referstothecoordinationofactivitiesfromrawmaterialsupplierstoendcustomers.A)logisticsB)operationsC)procurementD)inventorymanagement6.The______isaformaldocumentoutliningacompany'sfinancialperformanceoveraspecificperiod.A)balancesheetB)incomestatementC)cashflowstatementD)statementofshareholders'equity7.A______isatypeofbusinessorganizationthatcombinesthesimplicityofasoleproprietorshipwiththelimitedliabilityofacorporation.A)partnershipB)LLCC)ScorporationD)jointventure8.Inmarketing,the"4Ps"modelincludesallexcept______.A)productB)priceC)placeD)politics9.The______isameasureofhowefficientlyacompanyusesitsassetstogeneraterevenue.A)returnonassets(ROA)B)debt-to-equityratioC)profitmarginD)earningspershare10.A______isasituationwhereacompany'scostsincreaseasproductionvolumedecreases.A)economiesofscaleB)diseconomiesofscaleC)constantreturnstoscaleD)marginalcost11.Theconceptof"totalqualitymanagement"(TQM)focuseson______.A)maximizingproductionefficiencyB)minimizingcustomercomplaintsC)continuousimprovementD)reducinglaborcosts12.Inhumanresourcemanagement,a______isaformalprocessforevaluatingemployeeperformance.A)performanceappraisalB)jobrotationC)trainingprogramD)compensationreview13.The______isalegaldocumentthatoutlinesthetermsofabusinessagreementbetweenparties.A)contractB)memorandumC)policyD)regulation14.A______isamarketstructurecharacterizedbyafewdominantfirmsthatcontrolasignificantportionoftheindustry.A)monopolyB)oligopolyC)monopolisticcompetitionD)perfectcompetition15.The"SWOTanalysis"involvesassessingacompany's______.A)strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,andthreatsB)revenue,expenses,assets,andliabilitiesC)production,marketing,finance,andHRD)competition,customers,technology,andregulation16.Infinance,the______isamethodofvaluingacompanybydiscountingitsexpectedfuturecashflows.A)netpresentvalue(NPV)B)internalrateofreturn(IRR)C)paybackperiodD)break-evenanalysis17.A______isariskmanagementtechniquethatinvolvestransferringpotentiallossestoanotherparty.A)insuranceB)diversificationC)hedgingD)leverage18.The______isaprincipleinorganizationalbehaviorthatsuggestsemployeesaremoremotivatedwhentheirworkismeaningful.A)HawthorneeffectB)Maslow'shierarchyofneedsC)ExpectancyTheoryD)Herzberg'stwo-factortheory19.Ininternationalbusiness,theterm"localization"refersto______.A)globalstandardizationofproductsB)adaptingproductstolocalmarketsC)reducingproductioncostsabroadD)exportinggoodstoforeignmarkets20.The______isafinancialratiothatmeasuresacompany'sabilitytomeetshort-termobligations.A)currentratioB)debtratioC)returnonequityD)profitmargin二、填空題（每題1分，共10分）共10題1.Theprocessofidentifying,evaluating,andselectingthebestcandidatesforajobopeningiscalled______.2.A______isaformalplanthatoutlinesacompany'sstrategiesandgoals.3.Theprincipleof"divisionoflabor"suggeststhatspecializedtasksleadto______.4.Infinancialaccounting,the______reportsacompany'sfinancialpositionataspecificpointintime.5.Theterm"supplychaindisruption"refersto______.6.A______isagroupofemployeeswhoworktogethertoachieveacommongoal.7.Theconceptof"corporatesocialresponsibility"(CSR)emphasizesthatbusinessesshould______.8.The______isameasureofhowmuchacompany'sexpensesexceeditsrevenues.9.Inmarketing,the"targetmarket"referstothe______.10.The______isalegalrequirementthatbusinessesmustfollowtooperateinaparticularindustry.三、判斷題（每題1分，共10分）共10題1.Asoleproprietorshipisthemostcommontypeofbusinessorganization.(T/F)2.Monopolisticcompetitioninvolvesmanyfirmswithidenticalproducts.(T/F)3.Thebalancedscorecardisatoolforstrategicplanning.(T/F)4.Acompanywithahighdebt-to-equityratioisconsideredfinanciallystable.(T/F)5.Totalqualitymanagement(TQM)isprimarilyfocusedoncostreduction.(T/F)6.Humanresourcemanagement(HRM)includesrecruitment,training,andcompensation.(T/F)7.Ajointventureisastrategicalliancebetweentwoormorefirms.(T/F)8.Thebreak-evenpointisthepointwheretotalrevenueequalstotalcosts.(T/F)9.Internationaltradeinvolvestheexchangeofgoodsandservicesacrossnationalborders.(T/F)10.Acompany'scompetitiveadvantageisitsabilitytooutperformcompetitorsintermsofpriceorquality.(T/F)四、簡(jiǎn)答題（每題5分，共20分）共4題1.Explainthedifferencebetween"corporategovernance"and"stakeholdertheory."2.Describethekeyelementsofa"supplychainmanagement"system.3.Whatis"humancapital,"andwhyisitimportantinmodernbusiness?4.Howdoesa"costleadership"strategydifferfroma"differentiation"strategy?五、論述題（每題10分，共20分）共2題1.Discusstheroleof"corporatesocialresponsibility"(CSR)inmodernbusinessmanagement.WhatarethebenefitsandchallengesofimplementingCSRpolicies?2.Analyzetheimpactof"globalization"onbusinessoperations.Howdocompaniesadapttothechallengesandopportunitiesofoperatinginaglobalmarket?答案與解析一、選擇題答案與解析1.B-解析：Sustainabledevelopmentensureslong-termcompetitiveadvantagebybalancingeconomic,social,andenvironmentalfactors,unlikeshort-termprofitmaximization.2.B-解析：Stakeholdertheoryarguesthatbusinessesshouldconsiderallpartiesaffectedbytheiroperations,includingemployeesandcustomers,notjustshareholders.3.B-解析：Flatorganizationshavefewerhierarchicallevels,promotingfasterdecision-makingandflexibility.4.C-解析：Productdifferentiationinvolvescreatinguniqueproductstostandoutinthemarket,unlikecostleadership.5.A-解析：Logisticsinvolvesthephysicalmovementofgoods,whichiscentraltosupplychainmanagement.6.B-解析：Theincomestatementshowsrevenuesandexpensesoveraperiod,unlikethebalancesheet(financialposition)orcashflowstatement(cashmovements).7.B-解析：AnLLCcombinesthesimplicityofasoleproprietorshipwithlimitedliability.8.D-解析：The4Psofmarketingareproduct,price,place,andpromotion,notpolitics.9.A-解析：ROAmeasuresprofitabilityrelativetoassetusage,unlikedebt-to-equity(liabilityratio)orprofitmargin(revenueefficiency).10.B-解析：Diseconomiesofscaleoccurwhencostsriseasproductiondecreases,unlikeeconomiesofscale(costreductionwithincreasedproduction).11.C-解析：TQMfocusesoncontinuousimprovementinallorganizationalprocesses.12.A-解析：Aperformanceappraisalevaluatesemployeeperformanceformally.13.A-解析：Acontractisalegallybindingagreementbetweenparties.14.B-解析：Anoligopolyisdominatedbyafewfirms,unlikemonopoly(singlefirm),monopolisticcompetition(manyfirms),orperfectcompetition(manyfirmswithidenticalproducts).15.A-解析：SWOTanalysisassessesstrengths,weaknesses,opportunities,andthreats.16.A-解析：NPVvaluesfuturecashflowsbydiscountingthemtopresentvalue.17.A-解析：Insurancetransfersrisktoaninsurer.18.D-解析：Herzberg'stwo-factortheorysuggestsmotivationcomesfromintrinsicfactorslikemeaningfulwork.19.B-解析：Localizationadaptsproductstolocalpreferences,unlikestandardization.20.A-解析：Thecurrentratiomeasuresshort-termliquidity(currentassetsvs.liabilities).二、填空題答案與解析1.recruitmentprocess-解析：Recruitmentinvolvesfindingandselectingsuitablecandidates.2.strategicplan-解析：Astrategicplanoutlineslong-termgoalsandstrategies.3.increasedefficiency-解析：Divisionoflaborspecializestasks,improvingproductivity.4.balancesheet-解析：Thebalancesheetshowsfinancialpositionatapointintime.5.interruptioninthesupplychain-解析：Disruptionreferstodisruptionsinlogisticsorproduction.6.team-解析：Ateamisagroupworkingtowardacommongoal.7.contributetosociety-解析：CSRemphasizesethicalandsocialresponsibility.8.lossratio-解析：Lossratiomeasuresexpensesrelativetorevenue.9.groupofpotentialcustomers-解析：Targetmarketistheintendedcustomerbase.10.regulatorycompliance-解析：Compliancereferstolegalrequirements.三、判斷題答案與解析1.T-解析：Soleproprietorshipsarecommonduetotheirsimplicity.2.F-解析：Monopolisticcompetitioninvolvesdifferentiatedproducts,unlikeperfectcompetition.3.T-解析：Thebalancedscorecardlinksstrategytoperformance.4.F-解析：Highdebt-to-equityratiosmayindicatefinancialrisk.5.F-解析：TQMfocusesonqualityimprovement,notjustcostreduction.6.T-解析：HRMcoversrecruitment,training,andcompensation.7.T-解析：Jointventuresarestrategicpartnerships.8.T-解析：Break-evenoccurswhenrevenueequalscosts.9.T-解析：Internationaltradeinvolvescross-bordertransactions.10.T-解析：Competitiveadvantagecomesfromsuperiorperformanceinpriceorquality.四、簡(jiǎn)答題答案與解析1.DifferencebetweenCorporateGovernanceandStakeholderTheory-CorporateGovernancereferstothesystemofrules,practices,andprocessesbywhichacompanyisdirectedandcontrolled.Itensuresaccountability,transparency,andfairnesstoshareholdersandotherstakeholders.-StakeholderTheoryexpandsthefocusbeyondshareholderstoincludeemployees,customers,suppliers,andsociety.Itarguesthatbusinessesshouldbalancetheinterestsofallstakeholdersforlong-termsuccess.-KeyDifference:Corporategovernanceisprimarilyshareholder-centric(thoughevolving),whilestakeholdertheoryisbroader,consideringallpartiesaffectedbythecompany.2.KeyElementsofSupplyChainManagement-Procurement:Sourcingrawmaterialsandmanagingsuppliers.-Production:Manufacturingorassemblingproductsefficiently.-Logistics:Transportingandstoringgoods(inboundandoutbound).-InventoryManagement:Controllingstocklevelstomeetdemandwithoutexcesscosts.-DemandPlanning:Forecastingcustomerneedstoalignsupplywithdemand.-TechnologyIntegration:Usingsoftware(e.g.,ERP)forcoordination.3.WhatisHumanCapitalandWhyIsItImportant?-HumanCapitalreferstotheskills,knowledge,andabilitiesofemployeesthatcontributetoeconomicvalue.Itincludeseducation,training,andexperience.-Importance:-Drivesinnovationandproductivity.-Enhancescompetitiveadvantage.-Enablesadaptabilitytomarketchanges.-Supportsorganizationalgrowthandprofitability.4.DifferenceBetweenCostLeadershipandDifferentiationStrategies-CostLeadership:Focusesonminimizingcoststoofferthelowestprices(e.g.,Walma