河北2025自考[航空運(yùn)動(dòng)]英語（二）簡(jiǎn)答題專練一、簡(jiǎn)答題（每題10分，共5題）1.Whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenglidingandpoweredflightintermsofsafetymeasuresandemergencyprocedures?（滑翔飛行與動(dòng)力飛行的安全措施和應(yīng)急程序的主要區(qū)別是什么？）2.Describetheroleofmeteorologicalfactorsinaviationsafety,focusingonwindshearandturbulence.（描述氣象因素在航空安全中的作用，重點(diǎn)說明風(fēng)切變和湍流。）3.ExplainthesignificanceofairtrafficcontrolinmanagingflightoperationsatbusyairportslikeBeijingCapitalInternationalAirport.（解釋空中交通管制在管理北京首都國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)等繁忙機(jī)場(chǎng)飛行操作中的重要性。）4.Discusstheenvironmentalimpactofaviationactivitiesandproposethreemitigationstrategies.（討論航空活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境的影響，并提出三種緩解策略。）5.Howdoesthedesignofanaerobaticaircraftdifferfromthatofacommercialairliner?Providetwokeyexamples.（特技飛機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)與商業(yè)客機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)有何不同？請(qǐng)列舉兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。）答案與解析1.Whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenglidingandpoweredflightintermsofsafetymeasuresandemergencyprocedures?Answer:-SafetyMeasures:-Gliding:Requiresathoroughpre-flightinspection,especiallyoftheairframeandcontrolsurfaces,duetorelianceonaerodynamicforces.Glidersmustavoidmountainousterrainandadverseweatherconditionslikegustywindsorlowvisibility.Emergencyproceduresincludedeployingaparachute(ifequipped)orperformingaforcedlandinginanopenfield.-PoweredFlight:Involvesrigorousmaintenancechecksofenginesandavionics.Poweredaircraftcannavigatethroughadverseweatherbutmustadheretostricterairtrafficrulestoavoidcollisions.Emergencyproceduresincludeenginefailurescenarios,wherepilotsmayperformanemergencylandingordiverttoanairport.Analytic:Thekeydifferenceslieinrelianceonpropulsion(glidersvs.poweredaircraft)andemergencyresponseoptions(parachutesvs.enginefailuremanagement).2.Describetheroleofmeteorologicalfactorsinaviationsafety,focusingonwindshearandturbulence.Answer:-WindShear:Suddenchangesinwindspeedordirection,oftenoccurringnearjetstreamsorduringthunderstorms.Itcancauseaircrafttoloseliftoraltituderapidly,riskingaccidentsduringtakeofforlanding.Pilotsuseweatherradarandairtrafficcontrolwarningstoavoidshearzones.-Turbulence:Causedbyairpocketsofvaryingpressure,oftenfoundinmountainousregionsornearcloudlayers.Itcanleadtopassengerdiscomfortandstructuralstressontheaircraft.Turbulenceforecastshelppilotsadjustflightpaths.Analytic:Meteorologicalfactorsdirectlyinfluenceflightstabilityandrequirereal-timemonitoringtoensuresafety.3.ExplainthesignificanceofairtrafficcontrolinmanagingflightoperationsatbusyairportslikeBeijingCapitalInternationalAirport.Answer:-CoordinationofTakeoffsandLandings:ATCensuresorderlymovementtopreventmid-aircollisions,especiallyduringpeakhours.-NavigationAssistance:Providesguidanceonroutes,altitude,andspeedtoavoidconflictswithotheraircraft.-EmergencyResponse:Quicklydirectsaircrafttodivertroutesincaseofemergencies(e.g.,medicalincidentsortechnicalfailures).Analytic:ATCiscriticalinmaintainingefficiencyandsafetyinhigh-trafficenvironments.4.Discusstheenvironmentalimpactofaviationactivitiesandproposethreemitigationstrategies.Answer:-EnvironmentalImpact:-GreenhouseGasEmissions:Aircraftburnjetfuel,releasingCO?andNO?.-NoisePollution:Jetenginesgeneratehighnoiselevelsnearairports.-WaterContamination:Runwayde-icingchemicalspollutenearbywatersources.-MitigationStrategies:1.UseofSustainableAviationFuels(SAFs):ReducesCO?emissionsbyupto80%.2.Noise-ReducingTechnologies:Modernenginesandflightpathsminimizenoiseexposure.3.AirportEmissionControls:Installingcarboncapturesystemsandoptimizinggroundoperations.Analytic:Mitigationrequiresindustry-widecooperationandtechnologicalinnovation.5.Howdoesthedesignofanaerobaticaircraftdifferfromthatofacommercialairliner?Providetwokeyexamples.Answer:-AerobaticAircraft:-HighManeuverability:Featuresailerons,rudders,andalowcenterofgravityforsharpturns.-StrongStructuralRigidity:Builttowithstandg-forcesduringloopsandspins.-CommercialAirliner:-FuelEfficiency:Widerwingspanandstreamlin