天津2025自考[老年醫(yī)學(xué)與健康]英語（二）易錯題專練一、選擇題（每題1分，共20題）1.Whatisthebestwaytoimprovecommunicationwithelderlypatients?A.Speakingloudlyandclearly.B.Usingtechnicalmedicalterms.C.Avoidingeyecontacttoshowrespect.D.Limitingconversationstomedicalissuesonly.2.Whichofthefollowingisacommonnutritionaldeficiencyintheelderly?A.Irondeficiencyanemia.B.Excessproteinintake.C.HighvitaminCconsumption.D.Zinctoxicity.3.Whatdoes"geriatricassessment"typicallyinclude?A.Onlyphysicalexamination.B.Onlymentalhealthevaluation.C.Acomprehensiveevaluationofphysical,mental,andsocialhealth.D.Focussolelyonchronicdiseases.4.Howcanfallsbepreventedinelderlyindividuals?A.Encouragingthemtostandupfrequently.B.Removingcarpetstoimprovetraction.C.Providingnon-slipfootwearandhomemodifications.D.Disablingsafetyalarmstoavoidfalsealarms.5.Whichmedicationismostlikelytocausecognitiveimpairmentintheelderly?A.Aspirin.B.Metformin.C.Anticholinergicdrugs(e.g.,someantihistamines).D.Insulin.6.Whatistheprimarygoalofpalliativecareforelderlypatients?A.Curingtheunderlyingdisease.B.Providingpainreliefandimprovingqualityoflife.C.Increasingthepatient'slifespan.D.Prescribingmoremedications.7.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofdepressionintheelderly?A.Increasedappetiteandenergy.B.Persistentsadnessandlossofinterest.C.Memoryimprovement.D.Frequentlaughter.8.Whatisthemosteffectivewaytomanagechronicpainintheelderly?A.Usinghigh-doseopioidswithoutrestriction.B.Non-pharmacologicalmethods(e.g.,physicaltherapy,massage).C.Relyingsolelyonover-the-counterpainrelievers.D.Avoidingpainmedicationaltogether.9.Whichofthefollowingisariskfactorforpressureulcersintheelderly?A.Frequentrepositioning.B.Moisturizedskin.C.Adequatenutrition.D.Useofpressure-reducingmattresses.10.Whatistheroleofsocialworkersinelderlycare?A.Providingonlymedicaltreatment.B.Assistingwithfinancialandlegalissues.C.Administeringmedications.D.Conductingonlyphysicaltherapysessions.11.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncauseofdeliriumintheelderly?A.Goodhydration.B.Mildcognitiveimpairment.C.Infectionormedicationsideeffects.D.Regularexercise.12.Whatisthebestapproachtohydrationforelderlypatients?A.Forcingthemtodrinklargeamountsatonce.B.Encouragingsmall,frequentsipsthroughouttheday.C.Requiringthemtodrinkonlywater.D.Skippingfluidsiftheyfeelfull.13.Whichofthefollowingisakeyaspectofgeriatricrehabilitation?A.Focusingonlyonhospitalcare.B.Restoringfunctionthroughtherapyandexercise.C.Providingonlymedication.D.Avoidingphysicalactivitytopreventinjury.14.Whatisthesignificanceofadvancedirectivesinelderlycare?A.Theyareoptionalandcanbeignored.B.Theyoutlineapatient'spreferencesformedicalcare.C.Theyareonlyrelevantifthepatienthasaterminalillness.D.Theymustbeapprovedbyfamilymembersfirst.15.Whichofthefollowingisacommonsignofdementiaintheelderly?A.Improvingmemoryovertime.B.Increasedsocialinteraction.C.Difficultywithfamiliartasks.D.Heightenedawarenessofsurroundings.16.Whatisthebeststrategyformanagingincontinenceintheelderly?A.Ignoringitifitoccursinfrequently.B.Usingadultdiapersimmediately.C.Implementingbladdertrainingandlifestylechanges.D.Restrictingfluidintaketoreduceaccidents.17.Whichofthefollowingisabenefitofphysicalactivityfortheelderly?A.Increasedriskoffalls.B.Slowermetabolism.C.Improvedstrength,balance,andmood.D.Higherlikelihoodofmusclestrain.18.Whatistheprimarypurposeofageriatriccaremanager?A.Performingmedicalprocedures.B.Coordinatingcareservicesforelderlypatients.C.Providingonlynursingcare.D.Makingdecisionsforthepatientwithoutconsent.19.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncomplicationofdiabetesintheelderly?A.Weightgain.B.Hyperglycemiawithoutsymptoms.C.Hypoglycemiaduetoexcessiveinsulin.D.Nolong-termeffectsifmanagedproperly.20.Whatisthebestwaytoassessanelderlypatient'smentalhealth?A.Relyingsolelyonself-reporting.B.Observingbehaviorandmoodchanges.C.Administeringonlycognitivetests.D.Askingfamilymembersforopinionsonly.二、填空題（每空1分，共10空）21.Theprocessofevaluatinganelderlyperson'sphysical,mental,andsocialhealthiscalled________.22.Aconditionwhereanelderlypersoncannotrememberrecenteventsbutretainslong-termmemoriesisknownas________.23.________isacommoncauseofhospitalreadmissionamongtheelderly.24.Non-pharmacologicalpainmanagementtechniquesinclude________andphysicaltherapy.25.Elderlypatientswithlimitedmobilityareathigherriskofdeveloping________.26.Thelegaldocumentthatoutlinesapatient'smedicalpreferencesiscalledan________.27.Atypeofdepressionthataffectstheelderly,characterizedbypersistentsadnessandhopelessness,isknownas________.28.________isaseriousconditionwheretheelderlyloseconsciousnessforashortperiodduetolowbloodsugar.29.Socialisolationintheelderlycanleadtoincreasedrisksof________andcognitivedecline.30.Ahealthcareprofessionalwhospecializesincaringfortheelderlyiscalleda________.三、判斷題（每題1分，共10題，正確的填“√”，錯誤的填“×”）31.Elderlypatientsshouldavoidallphysicalactivitytopreventinjury.32.Deliriumisalwaysapermanentconditionintheelderly.33.Advancedirectivesarelegallybindingdocumentsinallhealthcaresystems.34.Incontinenceintheelderlycanbemanagedeffectivelywithbehavioralinterventions.35.Anticholinergicmedicationsarecommonlyusedtotreatdepressionintheelderly.36.Geriatriccaremanagerscanmakedecisionsforpatientswithouttheirconsent.37.Physicalactivityisnotbeneficialforelderlypatientswithmobilityissues.38.Dementiaanddeliriumarethesameconditions.39.Socialworkersinelderlycarefocusonlyonemotionalsupport.40.Hydrationislessimportantforelderlypatientsthanforyoungerindividuals.四、簡答題（每題5分，共4題）41.Explaintheimportanceofcommunicationinelderlycare.42.Describethreecommonchronicdiseasesintheelderlyandtheirmanagement.43.Whatarethekeycomponentsofafallpreventionstrategyforelderlypatients?44.Discusstheroleoffamilycaregiversinelderlycare.五、翻譯題（每題10分，共2題）45.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:“老年人營養(yǎng)不良的主要原因是食欲下降和消化能力減弱，這導(dǎo)致他們難以攝入足夠的營養(yǎng)?！?8.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:“Advancedirectiveshelpensurethatelderlypatientsreceivecarethatalignswiththeirwishes,evenwhentheyareunabletocommunicate.”答案與解析一、選擇題答案與解析1.A-解析：老年人聽力可能下降，因此大聲且清晰地說話有助于他們理解。選項B不正確，因為專業(yè)術(shù)語可能難以理解；選項C和D不利于溝通。2.A-解析：老年人因消化能力下降和飲食限制，常出現(xiàn)鐵缺乏性貧血。選項B、C、D不符合常見情況。3.C-解析：老年評估包括身體狀況、精神狀態(tài)和社會功能，需綜合評估。4.C-解析：防跌倒措施包括防滑鞋和家居改造，如移除障礙物、增加扶手等。5.C-解析：抗膽堿能藥物（如某些抗組胺藥）可能引起認(rèn)知障礙。6.B-解析：姑息護(hù)理重點(diǎn)是緩解疼痛和提高生活質(zhì)量，而非治愈疾病。7.B-解析：抑郁癥典型癥狀包括情緒低落、興趣減退。8.B-解析：非藥物方法（如物理治療）可有效管理慢性疼痛，藥物需謹(jǐn)慎使用。9.A-解析：長期壓迫是壓瘡的主要風(fēng)險因素，頻繁翻身可預(yù)防。10.B-解析：社會工作者協(xié)助處理財務(wù)、法律等非醫(yī)療問題。11.C-解析：感染或藥物副作用是譫妄的常見原因。12.B-解析：少量多次飲水有助于老年人吸收，避免一次性大量飲水導(dǎo)致不適。13.B-解析：康復(fù)治療通過物理和作業(yè)療法恢復(fù)功能。14.B-解析：預(yù)先指示書明確患者醫(yī)療偏好，如生命維持治療。15.C-解析：癡呆癥典型癥狀是執(zhí)行能力下降。16.C-解析：行為干預(yù)（如膀胱訓(xùn)練）可有效管理尿失禁。17.C-解析：適度運(yùn)動可增強(qiáng)力量、平衡和情緒。18.B-解析：老年護(hù)理協(xié)調(diào)員負(fù)責(zé)整合醫(yī)療、社交等服務(wù)。19.B-解析：糖尿病老年人易出現(xiàn)高血糖，即使無癥狀。20.B-解析：觀察行為和情緒變化可更全面地評估精神健康。二、填空題答案與解析21.Geriatricassessment-解析：老年評估是系統(tǒng)性評估老年人健康狀況的術(shù)語。22.Dementia-解析：遺忘性癡呆癥的特點(diǎn)是近期記憶喪失但長期記憶保留。23.Medicationerrors-解析：用藥錯誤是老年人再入院的主要原因之一。24.Physicaltherapy-解析：物理治療是疼痛管理的非藥物方法之一。25.Pressureulcers-解析：缺乏活動導(dǎo)致皮膚受壓，易形成壓瘡。26.Advancedirectives-解析：預(yù)先指示書是法律文件，明確醫(yī)療選擇。27.Late-lifedepression-解析：老年期抑郁癥是老年人常見的情緒障礙。28.Hypoglycemia-解析：低血糖可能導(dǎo)致意識喪失。29.Mentalhealthissues-解析：社交孤立與心理健康問題相關(guān)。30.Geriatrician-解析：老年病學(xué)家是專門研究老年人健康的醫(yī)生。三、判斷題答案與解析31.×-解析：適度運(yùn)動有益于老年人健康，而非避免。32.×-解析：譫妄可能是暫時的，可通過治療改善。33.√-解析：預(yù)先指示書在法律上具有約束力。34.√-解析：行為干預(yù)