河北2025自考[生物醫(yī)藥數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)]英語（二）模擬題及答案一、單項選擇題（共20題，每題1分，共20分）1.Inthefieldofbiopharmaceuticaldatascience,theterm"________"referstotheprocessoftransformingrawdataintomeaningfulinformationfordecision-making.A.dataminingB.datavisualizationC.dataaggregationD.datacleansing2.Whichofthefollowingisacommonstatisticalmethodusedtoanalyzetherelationshipbetweentwovariablesinclinicaltrials?A.ANOVAB.t-testC.chi-squaretestD.regressionanalysis3.Theabbreviation"________"inpharmaceuticalresearchstandsforthe"GoodClinicalPractice"guidelines.A.GCPB.GDPC.GMPD.GSP4.Inabioinformaticsdatabase,theterm"________"denotesacollectionofgenesorproteinswithsimilarfunctions.A.pathwayB.clusterC.phenotypeD.genotype5.WhichsoftwaretooliswidelyusedinChinaforbioinformaticsdataanalysis?A.SPSSB.RC.MATLABD.SAS6.Theprocessofidentifyingandcorrectingerrorsindataisknownas"________."A.datavalidationB.datanormalizationC.dataminingD.dataprofiling7.Inapharmaceuticalcompany,theterm"________"referstothesystematiccollectionandanalysisofpatientoutcomesaftertreatment.A.pharmacovigilanceB.clinicalsurveillanceC.biomarkeranalysisD.drugmetabolism8.Whichstatisticaltestismostappropriateforcomparingthemeansofthreeormoreindependentgroups?A.t-testB.ANOVAC.Mann-WhitneyUtestD.Kruskal-Wallistest9.Theterm"________"inbiostatisticsreferstothestatisticalanalysisofdiseaseprogressionovertime.A.survivalanalysisB.longitudinalanalysisC.cross-sectionalanalysisD.cohortanalysis10.Inadrugdevelopmentpipeline,thephasewherethedrugistestedonalargergroupofpatientsiscalledthe"________"phase.A.PhaseIB.PhaseIIC.PhaseIIID.PhaseIV11.The"________"databaseinChinastoresinformationonapprovedpharmaceuticalproductsandtheirclinicaltrials.A.NationalMedicalProductsAdministration(NMPA)B.ChinaFoodandDrugAdministration(CFDA)C.WHODrugInformationD.USFDA12.Whichmachinelearningalgorithmiscommonlyusedforclassificationtasksinbiomedicine?A.linearregressionB.decisiontreeC.logisticregressionD.clustering13.Theterm"________"inpharmacologyreferstothestudyofhowdrugsareabsorbed,distributed,metabolized,andexcretedbythebody.A.pharmacokineticsB.pharmacodynamicsC.pharmacovigilanceD.druginteraction14.Whichofthefollowingisalimitationofrandomizedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)inpharmaceuticalresearch?A.ethicalconcernsB.highcostC.lackofgeneralizabilityD.alloftheabove15.The"________"testisusedtodetermineifthereisasignificantassociationbetweentwocategoricalvariables.A.t-testB.chi-squaretestC.ANOVAD.Mann-WhitneyUtest16.Inbioinformatics,theterm"________"referstotheprocessofaligningDNAorproteinsequencestoidentifysimilaritiesanddifferences.A.sequencealignmentB.geneexpressionC.proteomicsD.metabolomics17.WhichofthefollowingisakeyconsiderationwhendesigningasurveyforpharmaceuticalresearchinChina?A.languagebarriersB.culturaldifferencesC.ethicalapprovalD.alloftheabove18.Theterm"________"inclinicalresearchreferstotheuseofstatisticalmethodstominimizebiasinstudydesign.A.confoundingvariableB.randomizationC.stratificationD.biascorrection19.WhichdatabaseiscommonlyusedforstoringgeneticinformationinChina?A.GenBankB.ChinaNationalGeneBank(CNGB)C.EMBL-EBID.NCBI20.The"________"isaregulatoryframeworkinChinathatensuresthesafety,quality,andefficacyofpharmaceuticalproducts.A.DrugRegistrationSystemB.GoodManufacturingPractice(GMP)C.ClinicalTrialRegistrationD.PharmacovigilanceSystem二、完形填空（共10空，每空1分，共10分）Readthepassagebelowandfillineachblankwiththemostappropriatewordfromthelist.|ListofWords:|datamining|clinicaltrials|pharmacovigilance|bioinformatics|drugdevelopment|statisticalanalysis||-||-|-|-|--|-|1.Inbiopharmaceuticaldatascience,________playsacrucialroleinextractingmeaningfulinsightsfromlargedatasets.2.Theprocessofmonitoringandevaluatingthesafetyofdrugsafterapprovalisknownas________.3.________isaninterdisciplinaryfieldthatcombinesbiology,computerscience,andstatisticstoanalyzebiologicaldata.4.________areessentialforevaluatingtheeffectivenessandsideeffectsofnewmedications.5.________isacriticalstepinthe________pipeline,ensuringthatdrugsmeetsafetyandefficacystandardsbeforereachingpatients.三、閱讀理解（共5題，每題2分，共10分）Readthepassagebelowandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Passage:Theintegrationofartificialintelligence(AI)inbiopharmaceuticaldatasciencehasrevolutionizeddrugdiscoveryanddevelopment.AIalgorithmscananalyzevastamountsofclinicaltrialdata,identifypotentialdrugcandidates,andpredictpatientresponsestotreatments.However,challengessuchasdataprivacy,algorithmicbias,andregulatorycomplianceremainsignificant.InChina,thegovernmenthasimplementedpoliciestopromotetheethicaluseofAIinhealthcare,ensuringthatadvancementsbenefitpatientswhileminimizingrisks.1.WhatistheprimaryroleofAIinbiopharmaceuticaldatascience?A.DatastorageB.DrugdiscoveryC.PatientdiagnosisD.Clinicalreporting2.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomechallengesassociatedwithAIinhealthcare?A.HighcostB.DataprivacyandalgorithmicbiasC.LimiteddataavailabilityD.Regulatoryhurdles3.HowdoestheChinesegovernmentsupporttheuseofAIinhealthcare?A.ByimposingstrictregulationsB.ByofferingfinancialincentivesC.BypromotingethicalguidelinesD.Byreducingdatasharing4.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofAIindrugdevelopment?A.AIwillreplacetraditionalmethodsentirelyB.AIwillenhance,butnotreplace,existingprocessesC.AIwillonlybeusefulindevelopedcountriesD.AIwillfocussolelyonclinicaltrials5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistruebasedonthepassage?A.AIisnotyetwidelyusedinbiopharmaceuticalresearch.B.DataprivacyisnotaconcerninAI-drivenhealthcare.C.ChinahasnopoliciesregardingAIinhealthcare.D.AIcanpredictpatientresponsesmoreaccuratelythantraditionalmethods.四、翻譯題（共2題，每題5分，共10分）1.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish:"生物醫(yī)藥數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)在藥物研發(fā)中發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用，通過分析臨床試驗數(shù)據(jù)，可以優(yōu)化治療方案并提高患者預(yù)后。"2.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese:"Artificialintelligencealgorithmscanprocesslarge-scalemedicaldatasetstoidentifypatternsthathumanexpertsmightoverlook,therebyimprovingdiagnosticaccuracy."五、簡答題（共3題，每題5分，共15分）1.Explainthedifferencebetweenpharmacokineticsandpharmacodynamicsinthecontextofdrugdevelopment.2.DescribetheroleoftheNationalMedicalProductsAdministration(NMPA)inChina’spharmaceuticalindustry.3.Howdoesdatanormalizationcontributetotheaccuracyofstatisticalanalysisinbiomedicine?參考答案及解析一、單項選擇題1.A.datamining解析：在生物醫(yī)藥數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)中，“datamining”（數(shù)據(jù)挖掘）是指從原始數(shù)據(jù)中提取有意義信息的過程，是關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。2.D.regressionanalysis解析：回歸分析常用于分析兩個變量之間的關(guān)系，如藥物劑量與療效的關(guān)系。3.A.GCP解析：“GoodClinicalPractice”（良好臨床實踐）是藥物臨床試驗的全球標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，中國也遵循該指南。4.B.cluster解析：在生物信息學(xué)中，“cluster”（聚類）指功能相似的基因或蛋白質(zhì)集合。5.B.R解析：R語言在中國生物信息學(xué)界廣泛應(yīng)用，因其開源且功能強(qiáng)大。6.A.datavalidation解析：“datavalidation”（數(shù)據(jù)驗證）是識別并糾正數(shù)據(jù)錯誤的過程。7.A.pharmacovigilance解析：“pharmacovigilance”（藥物警戒）指系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測藥物上市后的安全性。8.B.ANOVA解析：ANOVA（方差分析）用于比較三個或以上組的均值差異。9.A.survivalanalysis解析：生存分析研究疾病隨時間進(jìn)展的統(tǒng)計方法。10.B.PhaseII解析：II期臨床試驗在更大樣本中測試藥物的有效性和安全性。11.A.NationalMedicalProductsAdministration(NMPA)解析：中國國家藥品監(jiān)督管理局負(fù)責(zé)管理藥品審批信息。12.B.decisiontree解析：決策樹常用于生物醫(yī)學(xué)中的分類任務(wù)，如疾病預(yù)測。13.A.pharmacokinetics解析：“pharmacokinetics”（藥代動力學(xué)）研究藥物在體內(nèi)的吸收、分布等過程。14.D.alloftheabove解析：RCTs存在倫理、成本和結(jié)果普適性等限制。15.B.chi-squaretest解析：卡方檢驗用于分析分類變量間的關(guān)聯(lián)性。16.A.sequencealignment解析：序列比對是生物信息學(xué)中識別基因/蛋白質(zhì)相似性的關(guān)鍵步驟。17.D.alloftheabove解析：中國藥企調(diào)研需考慮語言、文化和倫理等因素。18.B.randomization解析：隨機(jī)化可減少研究偏倚，提高結(jié)果可靠性。19.B.ChinaNationalGeneBank(CNGB)解析：中國國家基因庫是中國主要的遺傳信息存儲中心。20.B.GoodManufacturingPractice(GMP)解析：GMP是中國藥品生產(chǎn)的質(zhì)量管理體系。二、完形填空1.datamining2.pharmacovigilance3.bioinformatics4.clinicaltrials5.drugdevelopment解析：1.數(shù)據(jù)挖掘在生物醫(yī)藥數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)中至關(guān)重要。2.藥物警戒監(jiān)控上市后藥物安全性。3.生物信息學(xué)結(jié)合多學(xué)科分析生物數(shù)據(jù)。4.臨床試驗評估藥物效果和副作用。5.藥物研發(fā)需符合GMP標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。三、閱讀理解1.B.Drugdiscovery解析：文中提到AI用于發(fā)現(xiàn)藥物候選物。2.B.Dataprivacyandalgorithmicbias解析：隱私和算法偏見是AI醫(yī)療的主要挑戰(zhàn)。3.C.Bypromotingethicalguidelines解析：中國通過政策支持AI的倫理應(yīng)用。4.B.AIwillenhance,butnotreplace,existingprocesses解析：AI與傳統(tǒng)方法互補，而非替代。5.A.AIisnotyetwidelyusedinbiopharmaceuticalresearch解析：文中未說明AI已普及，但強(qiáng)調(diào)其重要性。四、翻譯題1."Biomedicaldatascience