山東2025自考[碳中和科學與工程]英語（二）客觀題專練一、單項選擇題（共20題，每題1分）1.Theconceptofcarbonneutralityprimarilyfocusesonachievingzerocarbonemissionsthroughtheuseof:A.RenewableenergysourcesB.NuclearpowerC.FossilfuelsD.Coal-basedenergy2.InthecontextofChina'scarbonpeakgoal,whichsectorisidentifiedasthemostchallengingtodecarbonize?A.TransportationB.PowergenerationC.AgricultureD.Manufacturing3.Theterm"carbonfootprint"refersto:A.ThetotalamountofcarbondioxideproducedbyhumanactivitiesB.TheamountofcarbonstoredinforestsC.TheefficiencyofcarboncapturetechnologyD.Theaveragetemperatureriseduetoglobalwarming4.WhichofthefollowingisakeycomponentofChina'sNationalCarbonMarket(EmissionsTradingSystem)?A.CarbontaxB.RenewableenergycertificatesC.Cap-and-trademechanismD.Greenbonds5.Amajorchallengeinimplementingcarboncaptureandstorage(CCS)technologyis:A.HighenergyconsumptionB.LackofstoragesitesC.PublicacceptanceD.Highinitialinvestment6.TheParisAgreementaimstolimitglobalwarmingto:A.1.5°Cabovepre-industriallevelsB.2°Cabovepre-industriallevelsC.3°Cabovepre-industriallevelsD.4°Cabovepre-industriallevels7.WhichChinesecityhasbeenrecognizedforitseffortsinpromotinggreentransportation?A.ShanghaiB.BeijingC.ShenzhenD.Chengdu8.Theroleofafforestationincarbonneutralityisto:A.IncreasecarbonemissionsB.ReducecarbonstoragecapacityC.AbsorbatmosphericcarbondioxideD.Decreaseforestbiodiversity9.Alow-carboneconomyischaracterizedby:A.HighrelianceonfossilfuelsB.LowenergyefficiencyC.MinimaluseofrenewableenergyD.Reducedgreenhousegasemissions10.TheSternReviewontheEconomicsofClimateChangehighlightstheimportanceof:A.CarbontradingB.FossilfuelsubsidiesC.CarboncapturetechnologyD.Mitigationofclimatechange11.InChina,the"DoubleCarbon"goalsreferto:A.CarbonemissionreductionandeconomicgrowthB.CarbonemissionreductionandforestprotectionC.CarbonemissionreductionandrenewableenergydevelopmentD.Carbonemissionreductionandcarboncapture12.WhichofthefollowingisamajorsourceofmethaneemissionsinChina?A.CoalminingB.NaturalgasproductionC.AgricultureD.Industrialprocesses13.The"EnergyRevolution"inChinafocuseson:A.IncreasingcoalconsumptionB.PromotingnuclearenergyC.ExpandingrenewableenergysourcesD.Reducingenergyefficiency14.Theconceptof"carbonfinance"involves:A.FundingcarboncaptureprojectsB.TaxingcarbonemissionsC.TradingcarboncreditsD.Reducingenergyconsumption15.Acarbontaxisdesignedto:A.EncouragerenewableenergyadoptionB.IncreasegovernmentrevenueC.Discouragecarbon-intensiveindustriesD.Promotecarbontrading16.TheroleofhydropowerinChina'senergymixisto:A.IncreasecarbonemissionsB.ProvidestablebaseloadpowerC.ReducerelianceonfossilfuelsD.Decreaseenergyefficiency17.Whichofthefollowingisakeytechnologyincarboncaptureandstorage(CCS)?A.WindturbinesB.SolarpanelsC.CarbonadsorbentsD.Hydrogenfuelcells18.The"GreenDevelopment"strategyinChinaemphasizes:A.HigheconomicgrowthB.LowenvironmentalimpactC.HighenergyconsumptionD.Minimalinvestmentinrenewableenergy19.Acarbonoffsetprojectinvolves:A.ReducingemissionsinonesectortocompensateforincreasesinanotherB.TradingcarboncreditsC.ImplementingcarboncapturetechnologyD.Fundingrenewableenergyprojects20.TheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)reportsaresignificantbecausethey:A.ProvidescientificassessmentsonclimatechangeB.SetcarbonemissiontargetsC.FundclimatechangemitigationprojectsD.Regulatecarbontradingmarkets二、判斷題（共10題，每題1分）1.Carbonneutralityandcarbonpeakarethesameconcept.(True/False)2.China'sNationalCarbonMarket(EmissionsTradingSystem)isfullyfundedbythegovernment.(True/False)3.Afforestationcansignificantlycontributetocarbonsequestration.(True/False)4.Acarbontaxismoreeffectivethanacap-and-tradesysteminreducingemissions.(True/False)5.TheSternReviewsuggeststhatclimatechangemitigationcostsoutweighthebenefits.(True/False)6.China's"EnergyRevolution"aimstoincreaserelianceoncoal.(True/False)7.Carbonfinanceplaysacrucialroleinfundingrenewableenergyprojects.(True/False)8.Hydropowerisacleanenergysourcebuthaslimitedscalability.(True/False)9.Carbonoffsetsareawaytocompensateforunavoidableemissions.(True/False)10.TheIPCCreportsaresolelyproducedbyscientistsinChina.(True/False)三、填空題（共10題，每題1分）1.Theprocessofconvertingsunlightintoelectricityiscalled________.2.Asystemthatsetsacapontotalemissionsandallowstradingofemissionallowancesisknownas________.3.Themaingoalofcarboncaptureandstorage(CCS)isto________carbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.4.Afinancialinstrumentthatrepresentsareductionincarbonemissionsiscalleda________.5.Theconceptof"greendevelopment"emphasizesbalancingeconomicgrowthwith________.6.Theterm"carbonfootprint"measuresthetotalamountof________producedbyhumanactivities.7.China's"DoubleCarbon"goalsaimtopeakcarbonemissionsbefore________andachievecarbonneutralitybefore________.8.Arenewableenergysourcethatharnesseswindpoweriscalled________.9.Theprocessofplantingtreestoabsorbcarbondioxideisknownas________.10.Apolicytoolthatimposesafeeoncarbonemissionsiscalleda________tax.四、多項選擇題（共10題，每題2分）1.WhichofthefollowingarekeycomponentsofChina'scarbonneutralitystrategy?A.RenewableenergyexpansionB.CarboncapturetechnologyC.EnergyefficiencyimprovementsD.CarbontradingmarketsE.Fossilfuelsubsidies2.Whatarethemainchallengesinimplementingcarboncaptureandstorage(CCS)?A.HighenergyconsumptionB.LackofstoragesitesC.PublicacceptanceD.HighinitialinvestmentE.Efficienttransportation3.WhichsectorsaremajorcontributorstocarbonemissionsinChina?A.PowergenerationB.TransportationC.ManufacturingD.AgricultureE.Residentialenergyuse4.Whatarethebenefitsofafforestationinachievingcarbonneutrality?A.IncreasedcarbonstoragecapacityB.EnhancedbiodiversityC.ReducedairpollutionD.HighercarbonemissionsE.Minimallanduse5.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesoflow-carboneconomyinitiatives?A.RenewableenergyadoptionB.EnergyefficiencystandardsC.CarbonoffsetprojectsD.FossilfuelsubsidiesE.Publictransportationexpansion6.WhatdoestheSternReviewemphasizeregardingclimatechange?A.TheeconomiccostsofinactionB.TheneedforimmediatemitigationC.ThebenefitsofcarbontradingD.TheroleofcarbontaxesE.Theirreversibilityofclimatechangeimpacts7.Whichtechnologiesarecrucialforachievingcarbonneutrality?A.WindturbinesB.SolarpanelsC.CarboncapturetechnologyD.HydrogenfuelcellsE.Nuclearpower8.WhatarethekeyobjectivesofChina's"EnergyRevolution"?A.IncreasingrelianceonfossilfuelsB.ExpandingrenewableenergysourcesC.ImprovingenergyefficiencyD.ReducingcarbonemissionsE.Promotingcarboncapturetechnology9.Whatarethemaincomponentsofcarbonfinance?A.CarbontaxesB.CarboncreditsC.GreenbondsD.CarbontradingmarketsE.Fossilfuelsubsidies10.Whichofthefollowingarechallengesinpromotinggreentransportation?A.HighinfrastructurecostsB.LimitedcharginginfrastructureC.ConsumerresistanceD.GovernmentpoliciesE.Technologicallimitations答案與解析一、單項選擇題答案與解析1.A解析：碳中和的核心是通過可再生能源等手段實現(xiàn)零碳排放?？稍偕茉矗ㄈ缣柲堋L能）是關(guān)鍵。2.B解析：在中國，電力部門是碳排放的主要來源，也是最難實現(xiàn)脫碳的行業(yè)。3.A解析：碳足跡是指人類活動產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳總量，用于衡量碳排放水平。4.C解析：中國全國碳市場采用“總量控制與交易”機制，是核心制度設計。5.A解析：CCS技術(shù)能耗高，是主要技術(shù)瓶頸之一。6.B解析：巴黎協(xié)定目標是將全球升溫控制在工業(yè)化前水平2℃以內(nèi)。7.C解析：深圳在新能源汽車推廣和綠色交通建設方面成效顯著。8.C解析：植樹造林通過光合作用吸收大氣中的二氧化碳，助力碳中和。9.D解析：低碳經(jīng)濟以減少溫室氣體排放為特征，強調(diào)能源效率和可再生能源。10.D解析：斯彭斯報告強調(diào)氣候變化的緊迫性和經(jīng)濟影響，呼吁立即行動。11.C解析：中國“雙碳”目標指碳達峰和碳中和，重點在可再生能源發(fā)展。12.C解析：農(nóng)業(yè)（尤其是畜牧業(yè)）是中國甲烷排放的主要來源之一。13.C解析：中國能源革命核心是發(fā)展可再生能源，降低化石能源依賴。14.C解析：碳金融通過交易碳信用等工具為減排項目提供資金。15.C解析：碳稅通過經(jīng)濟手段抑制高碳排放行為。16.B解析：水電提供穩(wěn)定基荷電力，但存在生態(tài)影響。17.C解析：碳吸附材料是CCS技術(shù)的核心之一。18.B解析：綠色發(fā)展強調(diào)經(jīng)濟與環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)。19.A解析：碳抵消項目通過減排補償不可避免的排放。20.A解析：IPCC報告提供氣候變化的科學評估，為政策制定提供依據(jù)。二、判斷題答案與解析1.False解析：碳達峰是排放量最高點，碳中和是凈零排放，兩者不同。2.False解析：中國碳市場主要由市場機制驅(qū)動，政府提供政策支持。3.True解析：植樹造林能有效吸收二氧化碳，助力碳匯。4.False解析：碳稅和碳交易各有優(yōu)劣，效果取決于政策設計。5.False解析：斯彭斯報告認為減排成本低，不采取行動代價更大。6.False解析：能源革命旨在減少化石能源依賴，而非增加。7.True解析：碳金融為可再生