上海2025自考[海洋科學(xué)與技術(shù)]英語（二）高頻題(考點)一、單項選擇題（每題1分，共20題）1.Theincreasingacidificationofoceansposesasignificantthreattomarinebiodiversity,primarilybecause______.A)itreducesthesolubilityofoxygenB)itenhancescoralgrowthC)itincreasesnutrientavailabilityD)itlowerswatertemperatures2.Inmarineresearch,theterm"benthiczone"referstothe______.A)surfacelayeroftheoceanB)deep-seatrenchesC)areaneartheseafloorD)upperlayerofthewatercolumn3.Whichofthefollowingisamajorsourceofmicroplasticpollutionintheocean?A)NaturalbiodegradablematerialsB)Solar-poweredbuoysC)FishingnetsandgearD)Deep-seathermalvents4.Theprocessbywhichcarbondioxideisabsorbedbymarineorganismsandstoredinsedimentsisknownas______.A)photosynthesisB)carbonsequestrationC)eutrophicationD)oceanacidification5.TheGreatBarrierReefisthreatenedby______.A)increasednutrientrunoffB)naturalvolcaniceruptionsC)theintroductionofnewspeciesD)reducedwatersalinity6.Thestudyofoceancurrentshelpsinunderstanding______.A)windpatternsB)marinebiodiversityC)climatechangeD)underwatermineraldeposits7.A"redtide"iscausedbytheovergrowthof______.A)algaeB)bacteriaC)fungiD)viruses8.Theprimarypurposeofamultibeamsonaristo______.A)measurewatertemperatureB)detectunderwatersoundC)maptheseafloorD)analyzemarinelifebehavior9.Theterm"upwelling"describestheprocesswhere______.A)surfacewatersinkstothedeepoceanB)deepwaterrisestothesurfaceC)nutrientsaredepletedfromthesurfaceD)currentsareblockedbylandmasses10.Whichmarineorganismplaysacrucialroleinthecarboncycle?A)PhytoplanktonB)SquidC)StarfishD)Seaweed11.The"ElNi?ophenomenon"primarilyaffects______.A)theArcticicecapB)theAtlanticOceanC)thePacificOceanD)theIndianOcean12.Theuseof"remotesensing"inmarinesciencehelpsto______.A)collectwatersamplesB)monitoroceanconditionsfromspaceC)trackmarineanimalsD)measureunderwaterpressure13.The"CoralsTriangle"islocatedin______.A)theNorthAtlanticB)theSouthPacificC)theMediterraneanSeaD)theArcticOcean14.A"tidegauge"isusedtomeasure______.A)oceandepthB)waveheightC)sealevelchangesD)currentspeed15.The"IntergovernmentalOceanographicCommission"(IOC)ispartof______.A)theUnitedNationsB)theWorldBankC)theEuropeanUnionD)theInternationalMonetaryFund16.The"MarineProtectedAreas"(MPAs)aimto______.A)increasefishingquotasB)preservebiodiversityC)promoteindustrialdevelopmentD)reduceoceanpollution17.Theterm"nekton"refersto______.A)floatingorganismsB)bottom-dwellingorganismsC)swimmingorganismsD)microscopicplankton18.The"thermocline"isalayerintheoceanwhere______.A)temperaturedropsrapidlywithdepthB)salinityincreasesabruptlyC)lightpenetrationishighestD)currentsarestrongest19.The"ArcticOcean"isuniquebecauseitisalmostentirelysurroundedby______.A)landmassesB)iceshelvesC)deep-seatrenchesD)coralreefs20.The"mitigationofoceanacidification"involves______.A)reducingCO?emissionsB)increasingfishfarmingC)deep-seaminingD)expandingshippingroutes二、完形填空（每空1分，共10空）Theoceancoversmorethan70%oftheEarth'ssurfaceandplaysacrucialroleinregulatingtheplanet'sclimate.Itabsorbsasignificantamountofcarbondioxide(CO?)producedbyhumanactivities,whichhelpstomitigatethegreenhouseeffect.However,thisabsorptionalsoleadsto______(21)______,aprocessthatthreatensmarineecosystems.Marinebiodiversityis______(22)______byvarioushuman-inducedfactors,suchaspollution,overfishing,andhabitatdestruction.Coralreefs,whichareamongthemostdiverseecosystemsonEarth,areparticularlyvulnerable.Theincreasingwatertemperaturescausedbyglobalwarmingleadtocoralbleaching,aphenomenonwherecoralslosetheircolorandeventuallydie.Effortstoprotecttheoceaninvolveinternationalcollaborationsandpoliciesaimedatreducingpollutionandconservingmarinehabitats.Forexample,theestablishmentof______(23)______(MPAs)helpstosafeguardcriticalecosystems.Theseareasrestrictactivitieslikefishingandindustrialdevelopmenttoallowmarinelifetorecover.Technologyalsoplaysavitalroleinoceanresearch.Toolssuchassatellitemonitoringandautonomousunderwatervehicles(AUVs)enablescientiststostudyoceanconditionsingreaterdetail.Theseadvancementshelpinunderstandingprocesseslike______(24)______(upwelling)andtheirimpactonmarineproductivity.Despitetheseefforts,thechallengesremaindaunting.Theocean'shealthisdirectlylinkedtoglobalenvironmentalpolicies.Withoutsubstantialchanges,marineecosystemsmayfaceirreversibledamage,affectingnotonlymarinelifebutalsohumancommunitiesthatdependontheoceanforfoodandlivelihood.21.______22.______23.______24.______三、閱讀理解（每題2分，共5題）Passage:TheArcticOceanisthesmallestandshallowestoftheworld'sfiveoceans,locatedaroundtheNorthPole.Itssurfaceismostlycoveredbyseaice,whichplaysacriticalroleintheglobalclimatesystem.ThemeltingofArcticiceduetorisingtemperatureshassignificantconsequences,includingthereleaseoftrappedmethane,apotentgreenhousegas.MarinespeciesintheArctic,suchaspolarbearsandseals,arehighlyadaptedtocoldconditions.However,therapidwarmingisdisruptingtheirnaturalhabitats.Forinstance,polarbearsrelyonseaicetohuntseals,butastheicediminishes,theirfoodsourcesarebecomingscarce.EffortstoaddressArcticchallengesincludeinternationalagreementsliketheParisClimateAccord,whichaimstolimitglobalwarming.Additionally,researchinitiativesfocusonmonitoringicemeltanditsecologicalimpacts.TheArcticregionservesasanearlyindicatorofclimatechange,providingvaluableinsightsforglobalenvironmentalpolicies.Questions:1.WhatisamajorconsequenceofmeltingArcticseaice?A)IncreasedbiodiversityB)ReleaseofmethaneC)EnhancedfishingopportunitiesD)Reducedsealevels2.WhichArcticspeciesismostaffectedbythelossofseaice?A)WhalesB)PenguinsC)PolarbearsD)Seals3.TheArcticOceanisuniquebecauseof______.A)itsdeep-seatrenchesB)itsvasticecoverC)itshighsalinityD)itscoralreefs4.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheArcticregion?A)ItisunaffectedbyclimatechangeB)ItisamodelforglobalclimatestudiesC)IthasabundantoilresourcesD)Itisprimarilyinhabitedbyhumans5.TheParisClimateAccordismentionedtohighlight______.A)economicbenefitsofArctictourismB)theneedforglobalclimateactionC)theArctic'sroleinoceancirculationD)theimportanceofArcticshippingroutes四、翻譯題（每題5分，共2題）1.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:"海洋塑料污染對海洋生物多樣性構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重威脅，需要全球合作來減少塑料垃圾進入海洋。"2.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:"上海作為國際航運中心，在海洋環(huán)境保護方面承擔(dān)著重要責(zé)任，應(yīng)加強海岸帶生態(tài)修復(fù)工作。"答案與解析一、單項選擇題1.A)海水酸化導(dǎo)致氧氣溶解度降低，威脅海洋生物。2.C)底棲帶指海床附近區(qū)域。3.C)漁網(wǎng)和設(shè)備是微塑料污染的主要來源。4.B)海洋碳封存是指碳被海洋生物和沉積物儲存的過程。5.A)營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)流失威脅大堡礁。6.C)海流研究有助于理解氣候變化。7.A)紅潮是藻類過度繁殖現(xiàn)象。8.C)多波束聲吶用于繪制海底地形。9.B)上涌是指深層海水上升到表層。10.A)藻類在碳循環(huán)中起關(guān)鍵作用。11.C)厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象主要影響太平洋。12.B)遙感技術(shù)幫助從太空監(jiān)測海洋狀況。13.B)珊瑚三角洲位于南太平洋。14.C)潮汐計用于測量海平面變化。15.A)政府間海洋學(xué)委員會是聯(lián)合國的一部分。16.B)海洋保護區(qū)旨在保護生物多樣性。17.C)群游生物指能主動游動的海洋生物。18.A)溫躍層是海洋中溫度急劇變化的層次。19.A)北極洋幾乎完全被陸地包圍。20.A)減少二氧化碳