KnowledgeReview：FromUnit1toUnit3maneuver[m?'n?v?]n.amovementorsetofmovementsneedingskillandcaresimulation['s?mju'le??n]n.amodelofasetofproblemsoreventsthatcanbeusedtoteachsomeonehowtodosth,ortheprocessofmakingsuchamodel模擬,模仿parameter[p?'r?m?t?]n.asetoffactsorafixedlimitthatestablishesorlimitshowsthcanormusthappenorbedone參量;參數(shù);決定因素;界限精巧動作WordsReviewhumanity[hj?'m?n?t?]n.peopleingeneral（統(tǒng)稱）人,人類activate['?kt?ve?t]v.tocausesthtostart啟動,開動;激活WordsReviewcaution['k???(?)n]n.greatcareandattention謹(jǐn)慎,小心,慎重obstacle['?bst?k(?)l]n.sththatblocksyousothatmovement,goingforward,oractionispreventedormademoredifficult障礙;阻礙;妨礙Mayday['me?de?]n.aspecialradiosignalsentfromashiporanaircraftwhenitneedshelpupload['?p'l??d]v.tocopyormoveprogramsorinformationtoalargercomputersystemortotheInternet上傳（程序或信息）ignition[?g'n??(?)n]n.theelectricalsystemofavehiclethatcausesthefueltoburnorexplodeinordertostarttheengine點火;點火器（船只、飛機發(fā)出的）無線電求救信號WordsReviewtestify['test?fa?]v.tospeakseriouslyaboutsth,especiallyinalawcourt,ortogiveorprovideproofknot[n?t]n.ameasureofthespeedofships,aircraft,ormovementsofwaterandair.Oneknotisonenauticalmileperhour節(jié),飛機或輪船的航速以及流速單位;1節(jié)約等于1海里/小時distress[d?'stres]n.asituationinwhichyouaresufferingorareingreatdangerandthereforeinurgentneedofhelp受苦;遇難;遇險作證;聲明;證明;證實WordsReviewReadingExercises1.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassageyouhavejustread.(1)Whatarethereasonsthatbringaboutinterculturalcommunication?(2)Whatarethe4variablesininterculturalcommunication?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Therearemainlythreereasons,namely,theriseofnewtechnologyandinformationsystems,thechangesintheworld’spopulationandashiftintheworld’seconomic,politicalandculturalarena.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The4variablesininterculturalcommunicationareperception,verbalprocesses,nonverbalprocesses,andcontextualelements.(3)HowdoSpanishpeopleunderstandthemeaningofbeing“embarrassed”?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Spanishpeopleunderstandthemeaningofbeing“embarrassed”aspregnant.ReadingExercises1.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassageyouhavejustread.(4)Howdoyouunderstandaculture’shumandbuzzofimplication?(5)Whyisoursubjectiverealityaffectedbyculture?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thehumandbuzzofimplicationismainlycultural,whichshowsthatpeopleindifferentculturalcontextshavedifferentinterpretationsaboutthesamething.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Becausethesubjectiveworldisinterpretedbypeoplefromdifferentcultureswhoabstractwhateverfitsintotheirpersonalworldofreorganizationandtheninterpretthroughtheframeofreferenceoftheirownculture.ReadingExercises1.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassageyouhavejustread.(6)Whichofthemetaphorsofculturegivenabovedoyouprefer?Why?(7)Brainstormexamplesofculture.Thenclassifythemintothevisibleandinvisiblepartsoftheiceberg._____________________________________________________________________________________WhatIpreferis“Cultureislikethewaterafishswimsin.”Thismetaphorisvivid.Culturetohumansislikewatertofish—thefishneverstopstoreflectonwhatitmeanstoliveinthewater.Itjustswimsandgoesaboutitsnormalroutine.Butifthefishswimsintounfamiliarwater,itwouldneedalongtimetoadapt._____________________________________________________________________________________Intheiceberganalogyofculture,onlysomeaspectsofculturearevisible.Thesecanincludelanguage,art,music,dance,dress,food,celebrationsandmanyothers.Themajorityofthecultureliesbeneaththesurface.Theseaspectsarenotimmediatelyvisible.Theycanincludewordviews,religions,spiritualbeliefs,powerrelationships,respectforauthority,conceptsoftime,statusandsoon.ReadingExercises2.Choosethecorrectanswerstothefollowingquestions.(1)To______,cultureislearned.A.E.B.TylorandClydeKluckhohnC.E.B.TylorandD.BrownB.EdwardHallandR.BenedictD.I.RobertsonandClydeKluckhohn(2)Whichofthestatementsofcultureisnottrue?A.Cultureistransmissible.C.Cultureisdynamic.B.Cultureisadaptive.D.Cultureisstatic.ReadingExercises2.Choosethecorrectanswerstothefollowingquestions.(3)Cultureisoursoftwareimpliesexceptthat______.A.Thephysicalbodyislikethehardwareofthecomputer.B.Itisprogrammedbyourownculture.C.Aninfantlearnshowtobehumaninaculturallyspecificway.D.Wearestronglyawareofthe“software”asweuseit.ReadingExercises3.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothepassageyouhavejustread.Writea“T”fortrueoran“F”forfalse.______(1)Cultureisinnateassoononisborn.______(2)Cultureisacquiredthroughsocialization.______(3)Manistheproducerofcultureandtheproductofculture.______(4)Culturecanbeseenassharedknowledge,whatpeopleneedtoknowinordertoactappropriatelyinagivenculture.______(5)One’sactionsaretotallyindependentofhisorherculture.FTTTFReadingExercises3.Choosethecorrectanswerstothefollowingquestions.(1)Theprocessofcommunicationincludes______elements.A.sixB.tenC.twelveD.eleven(2)______istheprocessofputtinganideaintoasymbol.A.DecodingB.ChannelC.EncodingD.Response(3)______referstotheresponseofareceivertoasender’smessage.A.NoiseB.ChannelC.ContextD.Feedba