Unit14InterculturalCommunicationinTourismContextReadingListeningCONTENTS

VideoClipAppreciationSectionASectionBSectionCSectionAIntroductiontotheMovieClipNewWordsIntroductiontotheMovieLittleMissSunshinePhrasesandExpressionsExercisesforUnderstandingNotesSherylHooverisanoverworkedmotheroftwolivinginAlbuquerque,NewMexico.Herbrother,Frank,anunemployedscholarofProust,istemporarilylivingathomewiththefamilyafterhavingattemptedsuicide.Sheryl’shusbandRichardisaTypeApersonalitystrivingtobuildacareerasamotivationalspeakerandlifecoach.Dwayne,Sheryl’ssonfromapreviousmarriage,isaNietzsche-readingteenagerwhohastakenavowofsilenceuntilhecanaccomplishhisdreamofbecomingatestpilot.Richard’sfoul-mouthedfather,Edwin,recentlyevictedfromaretirementhomeforsnortingheroin,liveswiththefamily.Olive,thedaughterofRichardandSherylandtheyoungestoftheHooverfamily,isanaspiringbeautyqueenwhoiscoachedbyEdwin.Olivelearnssheisqualifiedforthe“LittleMissSunshine”beautypageantthatisbeingheldinRedondoBeach,Californiaintwodays.HerparentsandEdwin,whohasbeencoachingher,wanttosupportIntroductiontotheMovieLittleMissSunshineher,andFrankandDwaynecannotbeleftalone,sothewholefamilygoes.Becausetheyhavelittlemoney,theygoonan800-mileroadtripintheiryellowVolkswagenType2.Familytensionsplayoutonthehighwayandatstopsalongtheway,amidsttheagingVWvan’smechanicalproblems.Whenthevanbreaksdownearlyon,thefamilylearnsthattheymustpushthevanuntilitismovingatabout20mphbeforeitisputintogear,atwhichpointtheyhavetorunuptothesidedoorandjumpin.Lateron,thevan’shornstartshonkingunceasinglybyitself.Throughouttheroadtrip,thefamilysuffersnumerouspersonalsetbacksanddiscoverstheirneedforeachother’ssupport.Richardlosesanimportantcontractthatwouldhavejumpstartedhismotivationalbusiness.Frankencounterstheex-boyfriendwho,inleavinghimforanacademicrival,hadpromptedhissuicideattempt.Edwindiesfromaheroinoverdose,resultinginthefamilysmugglingthebodyoutofahospitalandnearlyhavingitdiscoveredbythepolice.Duringthefinallegofthetrip,Dwaynediscoversthatheiscolorblind,whichmeanshecannotbecomeapilot,arealizationthatpromptshimtofinallybreakhissilenceandshouthisangeranddisdainforhisfamily.ButheisthencalmeddownbyOlive,andheimmediatelyapologizes.Theclimaxtakesplaceatthebeautypageant.Afterafranticraceagainsttheclock,thefamilyarrivesatthehotel,andiscurtlytoldbyapageantorganizerthattheyareafewminutespastthedeadline.AsympathetichiredhandIntroductiontotheMovieLittleMissSunshineinsteadofferstoregisterOliveonhisowntime.AsOlivepreparesforthepageant,thefamilyseesOlive’scompetition:slim,hypersexualizedpreteengirlswithteasedhairandcappedteeth,performinghighlyelaboratedancenumberswithgreatpanache.ItquicklybecomesapparentthatOliveisanamateurbycomparison.AsOlive’sturntoperforminthetalentportionofthepageantdrawsnear,RichardandDwaynerecognizethatOliveiscertaintobehumiliated,andwantingtospareherfeelings,runtothedressingroomtotalkheroutofperforming.Sheryl,however,insiststhatthey“l(fā)etOlivebeOlive,”andOlivegoesonstage.Olive’shitherto-unrevealeddancethatEdwinhadchoreographedforherisperformedtoRickJames’songSuperFreak.Olivescandalizesandhorrifiesmostoftheaudienceandpageantjudgeswithaburlesqueperformancethatshejoyfullyperformswhileoblivioustotheirreactions.ThepageantorganizersareenragedanddemandSherylandRichardremoveOlivefromthestage.Insteadofremovingher,onebyonethemembersoftheHooverfamilyjoinOliveonstage,dancingalongsidehertoshowtheirsupport.Thefamilyisnextseenoutsidethehotel’ssecurityofficewheretheyaregiventheirfreedominreturnforapromisenevertoenterabeautypageantinthestateofCaliforniaagain.Pilingintothevanwiththehornstillhonking,theyhappilysmashthroughthebarrierofthehotel’stollboothandheadbacktotheirhomeinAlbuquerque.IntroductiontotheMovieLittleMissSunshineIntroductiontotheMovie

ClipLittleMissSunshinesucceedsbymakingusallfeelalittlelessweirdandalittlelessalone.Thefilmstandsoutfromamomentofintenseseriousness,suchasthedeathofthegrandfather(AlanArkin),andfromacomicscenewherethefamilystealsthebodyoutofthehospitalandputsitintothetrunkofthecar.Aheartbreakingsceneofdespairwillsoonturnintoamission,whichconsistsofstealingthebodyofOlive’sheroine-addictedgrandfatherfromthehospitalwherehediedandeventuallysticktothefamily’smottowhichistonevergiveupandkeepmovingforwardnomatterwhathappens.Byhidingthebodyinthetrunkofthecar,themaincharactersonceagaindefythelogicofcommonsenseandbringtogetherextremeemotions.NewWordseventful[?'ventfl]adj.多事的fullofeventsorincidentsremains[r?'me?nz]n.遺骸thedeadbodyofahumanbeingbereavement[b?'ri?vm?nt]n.喪友,喪親stateofsorrowoverthedeathordepartureofalovedoneliaison['li??zɑ?n;li'e?zɑ?n]n.聯(lián)絡(luò)achannelforcommunicationbetweengroupsNewWordsconsolation['kɑ?ns?'le???n]n.安慰;慰問thecomfortyoufeelwhenconsoledintimesofdisappointmentslip[sl?p]n.紙片asmallsheetofpaperbrochure[bro?'??r]n.手冊,小冊子asmallbookusuallyhavingapapercovergrief[ɡri?f]n.悲痛intensesorrowcausedbylossofalovedone(especiallybydeath)NewWordspageant['p?d??nt]n.選美比賽acompetitioninwhichyoungwomenarejudgedtodecidewhichoneisthemostbeautifuldisservice[d?s's??v?s]n.傷害harmpreeminent[pri'em?n?nt]adj.卓越的,超群的greatestinimportanceordegreeorsignificanceorachievementhorn[h??rn]n.喇叭thedeviceonavehiclesuchasacarthatmakesaloudnoiseasasignalorwarningNewWordsvehicle[vi??k?l]n.車輛aconveyancethattransportspeopleorobjectstrunk[tr??k]n.汽車車尾的行李箱compartmentinanautomobilethatcarriesluggageorshoppingortoolsbust[b?st]n.女人的胸部thechestofawomanNewWordsasshole['?sho?l]n.令人討厭的人insultingtermsofaddressforpeoplewhoarestupidorirritatingorridiculousbankrupt['b??kr?pt]n.破產(chǎn)者someonewhohasinsufficientassetstocovertheirdebtsunabletodistinguishoneormorechromaticcolorsamortuarywherethosewhoknewthedeceasedcancometopaytheirlastrespectsfuneralhome:殯儀館PhrasesandExpressionspullover:tosteeravehicletothesideoftheroad靠邊停車color-blind:色盲的AProustscholarissomeonewhofocusesonstudyingthe20thcenturyFrenchauthorMarcelProust.Proust’smostrenownedworkwasaseven-volumenovelcollectivelyentitledálarecherchedutempsperdu,whichhasbeentranslatedasbothInSearchofLostTimeandRemembranceofThingsPast.AProustscholartypicallywillfocushisorherattentiononthisworkbutalsowillbeinterestedinProust’slifeandhisotherwritings.Proustscholar:馬塞爾·普魯斯特（1871—1922，MarcelProust）是20世紀(jì)法國最偉大的小說家之一，意識流文學(xué)的先驅(qū)與大師。也是20世紀(jì)世界文學(xué)史上最偉大的小說家之一。NotesExercisesforUnderstanding1.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothemovieclipyouhavejustwatched.(1)WhatdocumentsdoesRichardhavetofilloutforthedeathofhisfatherEdwinHoover?_____________________________________________________________________________________Thedocumentsinclude:deathcertificate,areportofthedeathandanMEpinkslip.(2)HowdidRichardmanagetostrikeabalancebetweenhandlinghisfather’sdeathaffairsandsendingOlivetothepageantinCalifornia?_____________________________________________________________________________________Richardwoulddriveanother2hourstoCaliforniawithhisfather’sremaininthetrunkandcallafuneralhomeoncethefamilygetthere.InthemeantimehewouldarrangeOlivetoperforminthepageantheldinCalifornia.Thushecanhandlehisfather’sdeathaffairsandOlive’sperformanceproperly.(3)WhydidthepolicemanasktheRichardstopullover?_____________________________________________________________________________________Becausethehornseemstogetstuckandkeepshonking.ExercisesforUnderstanding1.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothemovieclipyouhavejustwatched.(4)HowdidFrankfindthatDwaynewascolor-blind?_____________________________________________________________________________________FrankfindsthatDwaynecannotrecognizethedarkgreen“A”inthecircle.(5)WhatdidOlivedotopersuadeDwayneintocontinuinghisjourneytothepageanttogetherwiththefamilymembers?_____________________________________________________________________________________Olivesaysnothing.ShejustgivesDwayneahug,whichispowerfulenoughtopersuadeDwayneintojoiningthefamilyagain.ExercisesforUnderstanding2.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothemovieclipyouhavejustwatched.WriteaTforTrueoranFforFalse.______(1)SherylfirstdecidedtotaketheremainsofgrandpaEdwinHooverwiththemtothepageantinCalifornia.______(2)IntheUnitedStates,itisokaytotaketheremainsofadeadpersonacrossstatelineswithnoburialtransitpermit.______(3)Linda,thebereavementliaison,saidthatthehospitalwouldkeeptheremainsofgrandpaEdwinHooveruntiltheRichardscamebackfromtheCaliforniapageant.______(4)RichardandSherylknewintheverybeginningthatDwaynewascolor-blind.______(5)Dwaynewasinaragewhenheknewthathewascolor-blind.FFFFTExercisesforUnderstanding3.Matchthestatementswiththecharactersinthemovieclip.(1)Putthoseaway.We’llhaveafamilymeeting.(2)Youcan’tjustabandonthebody.(3)DidImentionthatIamthepreeminentProustscholarintheUS?(4)Don’tworry,I’mnotgonnabustyou.(5)Dwaynehas20/20vision.(6)Ihateyoufuckingpeople!A.RichardB.PolicemanC.DwayneD.SherylE.LindaF.OliveSectionBReadingReadingExercisesReading1.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothemovieclipyouhavejustwatched.(1)Howdoyouunderstandthattourismisthemostsuperficialwayofaninterculturalencounter?_____________________________________________________________________________________Becausetouristsusuallyspendlimitedperiodoftime(2weeksforexample)stayinginonecity.Theirinterculturalencountersareshortandtheirconsciousnessofdifferentbehavioralrulesandpatternsaresuperficial.(2)Accordingtothepassage,whatisthekeytoeffectiveinterculturalcommunication?_____________________________________________________________________________________Thekeytosuccessfulinterculturalcommunicationliesin4aspects:understandculturaldiversity,developingawarenessofindividualcultures,havingtoleranceandkeepingthecommunicationclearandsimple.ReadingExercises(3)Accordingtothepassage,whatarethewaysoutwhendifferentneedsandcommongoalscannotbemet?_____________________________________________________________________________________Patience,courtesyandabitofcuriosityarethesolutionstodifferentneeds.1.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothemovieclipyouhavejustwatched.(4)Accordingtothepassage,whatisthenumberofpeoplewhospeakEnglishasthefirstlanguage?WhatshouldbekeptinmindwhenspeakingEnglishinaforeigncountry?_____________________________________________________________________________________About400millionpeoplearoundtheworldspeakEnglishasafirstlanguage.WhenspeakingEnglish,itissuggestedthatspeakersmakeitclear,simpleandunambiguous.(5)Whydoesthepassageremindthatpeoplehandlehumorproperly?_____________________________________________________________________________________Becausehumorisculture-specific,sotrytoavoidhumoruntilyouknowthatthepersonyou’recommunicatingwill“getit”andisn’toffendedbyit.ReadingExercises2.Smallgrouptask.ReadingExercises

Readthefollowing3piecesofTravelTips(DosandDon’ts)inChina,MyanmarandtheMiddleEastanddiscusstheircommonanddifferentpointsculturally.ChinaTravelTips:DosandDon’ts

ManytravelersfromabroadareconfusedandfrightenedbyChinesecustoms.ThishandyreferencetoolmakesiteasyfornewcomerstoChinatofitrightin.Socomealong,myalienfriend!WelcometoChina!TheorderofChinesenamesisfamilynamefirst,thengivenname.Amongsome440familynames,the100mostcommononesaccountfor90%ofthetotalpopulation.BridesinChinadonotadopttheirhusband’ssurnames.AmongChinese,apopularwaytoaddresseachother,regardlessofgender,istoaddanage-relatedtermofhonorbeforethefamilyname.Theseinclude:lao(honorableoldone),xiao(honorableyoungone)oroccasionallyda(honorablemiddle-agedone).UnliketheJapanese,Chinesedonotcommonlybowasaformofgreeting.Instead,abriefhandshakeis2.Smallgrouptask.ReadingExercisesusual.Whilemeetingeldersorseniorofficials,yourhandshakeshouldbeevengentlerandaccompaniedbyaslightnod.Sometimes,asanexpressionofwarmth,aChinesewillcoverthenormalhandshakewithhislefthand.Asasignofrespect,Chineseusuallylowertheireyesslightlywhentheymeetothers.Moreover,embracingorkissingwhengreetingorsayinggood-byeishighlyunusual.Generally,Chinesedonotshowtheiremotionsandfeelingsinpublic.Consequently,itisbetternottobehaveintoocarefreeamannerinpublic.Also,itisadvisabletobefairlycautiousinpoliticaldiscussions.Chinesedonotusuallyacceptagift,invitationorfavorwhenitisfirstpresented.Politelyrefusingtwoorthreetimesisthoughttoreflectmodestyandhumility.Acceptingsthinhastemakesapersonlookaggressiveandgreedy,asdoesopeningitinfrontofthegiver.Traditionallythemonetaryvalueofagiftindicatestheimportanceofarelationship,butduetoincreasingcontactwithforeignersinrecentyears,thesymbolicnatureofgiftshastakenfoot.Presentyourgiftswithbothhands.Andwhenwrapping,beawarethattheChineseascribemuchimportancetocolor.Redislucky,pinkandyellowrepresenthappinessandprosperity;white,greyand2.Smallgrouptask.ReadingExercisesblackarefuneralcolors.Thepopularitemsincludingcigarettelighters,stamps(stampcollectingisapopularhobby),T-shits,andtheexoticcoins,makeagoodgifttotheChinese.Andthefollowinggiftsshouldbeavoided:(1)Whiteoryellowflowers(especiallychrysanthemums),whichareusedforfunerals.(2)Pears.ThewordforpearinChinesesoundsthesameas“separation”andisconsideredbadluck.(3)Clocksofanykind.ThewordclockinChinesesoundsliketheexpression—theendoflife.Chinaisoneofthosewonderfulcountrieswheretippingisnotpracticedandalmostnooneasksfortips.Traditionallyspeaking,therearemanytaboosatChinesetables,butthesedaysnotmanypeoplepayattentiontothem.However,thereareafewthingstokeepinmind,especiallyifyouareaguestataprivatehome.(1)Don’tstickyourchopsticksuprightinthericebowl.Instead,laythemonyourdish.Thereasonforthisisthatwhensbdies,theshrinetothemcontainsabowlofsandorricewithtwosticksofincensestuck2.Smallgrouptask.ReadingExercisesuprightinit.Soifyoustickyourchopsticksinthericebowl,itlookslikeashrineandisequivalenttowishingdeathuponthepeopleatthetable!(2)Makesurethespoutoftheteapotisnotfacinganyone.Itisimpolitetosettheteapotdownwherethespoutisfacingtowardssb.Thespoutshouldalwaysbedirectedtowherenobodyissitting,usuallyjustoutwardfromthetable.(3)Don’ttaponyourbowlwithyourchopsticks.Beggarstapontheirbowls,sothisisnotpolite.Ifyouareinsomeone’shome,itislikeinsultingthecook.MyanmarTravelTips:DosandDon’tsMyanmarisaBuddhismcountryanditisfamousastheGoldenLand.Otherwise,itisalsocalledtheLandofPagodas.SowhencomingtoMyanmar,touristsshouldknowthebehaviorsbothinpublicandreligiousmonuments.2.Smallgrouptask.ReadingExercisesDosSay“Mingalarbar”whenmeetingeachother.Add“U”(formale)infrontofthenamesforadultpersons.Add“Daw”(forfemale)infrontofthenamesforadultpersons.Weardecentclothestothepagodasormonasteries.Lettheoldestbeservedfirst.Showrespecttomonks,novicesandnuns.Offerarticleswithbothhands.Keepthefeetontheground.Bendabitwhencrossingcloseinfrontoftheelders.Dressandactdecent.Speakslowlyandclearly.Seekpermissiononretrievinganarticleaboveaperson’shead.Behaveinapropermanner.2.Smallgrouptask.ReadingExercisesDon’tsDon’twearshoesandshortsatpagodasandmonasteries.Don’tsitwithbackagainstBuddhaImage.Don’toffertoshakehandswithamonk.Awomanshouldnottouchamonk.Avoidbeinganuisancewhentakingphotographs.Don’thandleBuddhaImagesorsacredobjectwithdisrespect.Don’tkeepBuddhaImagesorsacredobjectsininappropriateplaces.Don’tsteponamonk’sshadow.Don’ttouchanybodyonthehead.Don’ttouchawomanonanypartofthebody.Don’tpointafingerstraightintheface.Don’tstepoveranypartoftheperson.Don’tgamble.Don’tgowhereyouareadvisednottogo.2.Smallgrouptask.ReadingExercisesTravelTipsintheMiddleEast:DosandDon’tsThetraffickingofdrugsandpornographyarenottheonlycrimetocarrythedeathsentenceinextremecase.HomosexualityishighlyillegalinmostoftheMiddleEastand,althoughChristianityistoleratedinmostcountries,attemptstocovertMuslimscanalsocarryveryseriousconsequences.Butitisnotalldoomandgloom—travelerswhoemploycommonsenseandalargehelpingofrespectandconsiderationforIslamicculturewillenjoyatrouble-freetrip.Belowaresomebasictips.AppropriateDressIt’samyththatWesternwomenhavetowearheadscarves;touristsarerecognizedastouristsandassucharegenerallyexemptfromanysuchobligations.Womenshould,however,dressconservativelyatalltimes,especiallywhentravelingalone.

TheSanctityofMarriageUnmarriedwomenovertheageof25tendtoattractendlesspity.Ifyouprefertoavoidsuchattention,aswellasexcessivemaleattention,wearaweddingring.LeavetheGirlsAloneGuys,it’snotagoodideatoevencontemplaterelievingagirlofherhonor,evencarelesslongglancecanbeveryrisky.2.Smallgrouptask.ReadingExercises

ABitofDecorumTrynottoblaspheme,eveninEnglish—ittendstobedimlylookeduponandconsidereddisrespectful.

WannaHaggle?Alwayshaggle—that’sthewayoftheArabworld—andneverpaymorethanonethirdoftheoriginalaskingprice.CallingHomeGetaprepaidinternationalsimcardratherthanusingtheexpensivelocaltelephonenetworks.3.Casestudy.ReadingExercisesPeoplesometimesassumethatlearningaboutotherculturesisunnecessaryifwesimplytreatothersaswewouldliketobetreated.Totestthisassumption,trytoanswerthefollowingquestions.(1)Whenreceivingagiftfromafriend,shouldyouopenitimmediately,orwaittoopenitinprivate?(2)Whengroceryshopping,shouldyoutouchfruitsandvegetablestoevaluatetheirfreshness?(3)Inaconversationwithyourinstructororyoursupervisoratwork,shouldyoumaintaindirecteyecontact?3.Casestudy.ReadingExercisesInChile,itisgoodmannerstoopenagiftimmediatelyandexpressdelightandthanks.ButinJapanitisatraditionalcustomnottoopenagiftinthegiver’spresence.IntheUnitedStates,shopperstypicallytouch,hold,andevensmellfruitsandvegetablesbeforebuyingthem.ButinnorthernEuropethisisstronglyfrownedupon.InmainstreamNorthAmericanculture,peopleareexpectedtolookdirectlyateachotherwhenhavingaconversation.ButaculturalnormformanynativeAmericansinvolveskeepingone’seyesloweredasasignofrespectwhenspeakingtoaninstructororsupervisor.Comment:Noonecanbeexpectedtolearnallthe“dosanddon’ts”oftheworld’smyriadcultures.Instead,thekeyistokeepanopenmind,besensitivetoothercultures,andrememberthatthewayyou’dliketobetreatedisnotnecessarilythewayotherswouldappreciate.4.Self-Test.ReadingExercisesHowHappyAreYou?FindoutwiththistestdesignedbyDr.RajPersaud,consultantpsychiatristattheMaudsleyHospital,London.Considerthefollowingstatements:(1)MyabilitytoconcentrateissogoodthatIcanforgethowtimehasflown.Agree:ADisagree:B(2)Therearemanythingsaboutmethatifothersknewtheywouldlikemeless.Agree:ADisagree:B(3)Ifpeopledon’tlikeme’itisusuallybecauseoftheirownproblems.Agree:ADisagree:B(4)TherearesecretsaboutmypastthatIkeeptomyselfandwouldnotshare.Agree:ADisagree:B4.Self-Test.ReadingExercises(5)IfIhadmytimeoverIwoulddopracticallyeverythingIdidagain,thesameway.Agree:ADisagree:B(6)TherearemanywaysIcouldimproveasaperson.Agree:ADisagree:B(7)Myparentsthinkthey’reluckytohavehadme.Agree:ADisagree:B(8)Mylifewasbetterinthepastthanitisnow.Agree:ADisagree:B(9)Iwasbornwithacombinationoftalentsfewothershave.Agree:ADisagree:B(10)Igetupsetmorewithmyselfthanothers.Agree:ADisagree:B4.Self-Test.ReadingExercises8ormoreAs:Youarescoringveryhighforhappiness.However,oneproblemwithbeingsohappyisthatitmayleadtocomplacency.Youarelessinterestedinchangingyourself,orimprovingcertainaspectsofyourcharacter,thanmostpeople.6-7As:Youarejustaboveaverageforhappiness,eitherbecauseyou’rebaskingintheglo