Unit4Hofstede’sCulturalDimensionsReadingListeningCONTENTS

VideoClipAppreciationSectionASectionBSectionCSectionAIntroductiontoMovieClip1NewWordsExercisesforUnderstandingPhrases&ExpressionsNotesIntroductiontotheMovieMonsoonWeddingIntroductiontoMovieClip2IntroductiontoMovieClip3IntroductiontoMovieClip4It’sastorysetinthemodernupper-middleclassofIndia,wheretelecommunicationsandawesternlifestylemixwitholdtraditions.YoungAditiacceptsthearrangedweddingwhensheendstheaffairwithamarriedTVproducer.Thegroom,HermantRai,isanIndianlivinginHouston,Texas,US.Allrelativesfrombothfamilies,somefromdistantplaceslikeAustralia,cometoNewDelhiduringthemonsoonseasontoattendthewedding.Thefour-dayarrangementsandcelebrationswillseeclumsyorganization,familypartiesanddrama,dangerstothehappyendofthewedding,lotsofmusicandevenanewromancefortheweddingplannerDubeywiththehousemaidAlice.IntroductiontotheMovieMonsoonWeddingIntroductiontoMovie

Clip1Aditi’sfatheriscallingP.K.Dubey,aweddingcontractor,whoisrunningfarbehindschedule.IntroductiontoMovie

Clip2Thegroom’sfamilyandguestsbegintoarrive,fromalloverIndia,USandAustralia.Thewholefamilycomestogetherfromallcornersoftheglobeforthewedding.IntroductiontoMovie

Clip3TheVermafamilyandguestsaresittingaroundatableandchatting.IntroductiontoMovie

Clip4PimmiVermatalkstoherhusband,hopinghecouldreconsiderhisdecisiontosendtheirsontoboardingschool.NewWordsmonsoon['mɑ?n'su?n]n.（南亞地區(qū)的）雨季aperiodofheavyraininsummerinSouthAsiacontractor['kɑ?ntr?kt?r]n.承包商;承包公司apersonorcompanythathasacontracttodoworkorprovidesgoodsorservicesforanothercompanypakora[p?'k??r?]n.（南亞）油炸辣肉菜片aflatpieceofspicySouthAsianfoodconsistingofmeatorvegetablesfriedinbatter標語牌;廣告牌NewWordsplacard[‘pl?kɑ?rd]n.alargewrittenorprintednoticethatisputinapublicplaceorcarriedonastickinamarchtopi['to?pi]n.遮陽帽alighthardhatworntogiveprotectionfromthesuninveryhotplacesstrand[str?nd]v.使滯留toleavesbinaplacefromwhichtheyhavenowayofleavingNewWordslump[l?mp]n.塊apieceofsthhardorsolid,usuallywithoutaparticularshapesesame['ses?mi]n.芝麻atropicalplantgrownforitsseedsandtheiroilthatareusedincookinghulk[h?lk]n.身軀巨大且笨重的人alarge,clumsy-lookingpersondupatta[d?'p?t?]n.圍巾,頭巾alongpieceofmaterialwornaroundtheheadandneckbywomeninSouthAsianimbupani:lemonade檸檬水airconditioner空調PhrasesandExpressionsAC:MC:masterofceremony司儀，儀式主持人marigoldflower:Marigoldsareoneofthetraditionalflowersused萬壽菊;金盞花NotesingarlandsandofferingsinSouthAsia.Marigoldsarewidelyusedinallkindsofritesandrituals.Itrepresentsandsymbolizemarriages,celebrations,romanceandmore.ExercisesforUnderstandingMovieClip11.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothemovieclipyouhavejustwatched.(1)IsLalitsatisfiedwithDubey’sservice?Whyorwhynot?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________No.BecauseDubeyhasn’tcomeyetandLalithastourgehimtocometodohiswork.(2)WhyisLalitsotenseandangry?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________BecausetheweddingisabouttotakeplaceandLalitisdoingeverythingsingle-handedly.Heisangryabouttheweddingcontractorfornotdoinghisjobproperly.(3)What’swrongwiththemarigoldgate?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Itisfallingapartandflowersareeverywhere.(4)Whydoesthemotherhelphersonchangeclothes?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Becausetheyshouldgetreadybeforetheguestsarrive.ExercisesforUnderstandingMovieClip12.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothemovieclipyouhavejustwatched.WriteaTfortrueoranFforfalse.______(1)Thefatherofthebride-to-beisstressedmakingarrangementsforhisdaughter’swedding.______(2)TheweddingcontractorisdrivingwhenhegetsLalit’sphonecall.______(3)TheyoungmanRahulcamebackfromAmericaforthewedding.______(4)VaruniswatchingacookingshowonTVwhenhismotherwalksin.TFFTExercisesforUnderstandingMovieClip21.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothemovieclipyouhavejustwatched.(1)HasAditimetHermantbefore?Howdoyouknow?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________No.Fromthewaytheygreeteachotherwecanseethisisthefirsttimetheymeeteachother.(2)Dothegroom’sfamilylikeAditi?Howdoyouknow?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yes.Wecantellthisfromthewaythegroom’sfatherandgrandmothertalktoAditi.(3)Afterwatchingthisscene,couldyoudescribetheengagementceremony?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Inthismovie,thegroom’sfamilycometothebride’shouse.Thebrideandgroommeeteachother’sfamilymembers.Theyexchangeweddingringsinthepresenceofbothfamiliesandguests.It’sawarmandlivelyscene.ExercisesforUnderstandingMovieClip22.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalseaccordingtothemovieclipyouhavejustwatched.WriteTforTrueandFforFalse.______(1)ThegroomworksasacomputerengineerinHouston,US.______(2)Lalit’ssisterandbrother-in-lawhadtotakeataxibecausetheirflightwaslateandnobodywasattheairporttomeetthem.______(3)Rahul’smotherisnothappyaboutwhatLalitsaidaboutherson.______(4)Lalit’sbrother-in-lawhashelpedtheVermafamilyalotsinceLalit’sbigbrotherpassedaway.TFTTExercisesforUnderstandingMovieClip31.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothemovieclipyouhavejustwatched.(1)WhatdoesRiawanttodoinAmerica?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ShewantstostudycreativewritinginAmerica.(2)WhatdotheVermafamilythinkoftheideaofbecomingawriter?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ria’smotherisworriedaboutthemoneyforstudyinginAmerica.Othersthinkitmightbepossibletomakealotofmoneythroughwriting.(3)WhatdoesLalitthinkofhisbrother-in-law’sproposaltofundRia’seducationinAmerica?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hetriedtorefuseatfirst.Laterhewasoverjoyedattheidea.Hewashappythatthewholefamilywastogetherforthewedding.ExercisesforUnderstandingMovieClip32.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalseaccordingtothemovieclipyouhavejustwatched.WriteTforTrueandFforFalse.______(1)Lalitwantedtotalktohisbrother-in-lawabouttheweddingpreparation.______(2)RiaisthedaughterofLalit’soldbrotherwhopassedawayyearsago.______(3)TheMCbegantorehearsefortheweddingandeverybodyinthehousejoinedthesinginganddancing.FTFExercisesforUnderstandingMovieClip41.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothemovieclipyouhavejustwatched.(1)Whydoesn’tPimmiwanttosendVaruntoboardingschool?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Becauseshedoesn’twanttolosebothherchildren.Herdaughterwillgetmarriedandleavethefamilysoon.(2)WhydoesLalitwanttosendVaruntoboardingschool?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________BecausehethinkshissoniswastingtimebystayinghomewatchingTVthewholeday.Hebelievesboardingschoolisgoodforhisson.(3)WhatdoesVarunwanttodowhenhegrowsup?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hewantstobeachef.ExercisesforUnderstandingMovieClip41.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothemovieclipyouhavejustwatched.(4)WhatdoesLalitwanthissontobewhenhegrowsup?Why?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hewantshissontobeaneducatedprofessional.Becausehedoesn’twanthissontobecomeanentertainer,singinganddancingatpeople’swedding.(5)WhohasthefinalsayoverwhethertosendVaruntoboardingschool?Howdoyouknow?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Lalithasthefinalsay.Pimmitriestopersuadeherhusbandintogivinguptheideaofsendingtheirsontoboardingschool,butinvain.ExercisesforUnderstandingMovieClip42.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalseaccordingtothemovieclipyouhavejustwatched.WriteTforTrueandFforFalse.______(1)Themotherthinkshersonissensitiveandcreative.______(2)Thefatherlikeshisson’shobbiesofsinging,dancingandcooking.______(3)Varunwantstobeachefwhenhegrowsup,buthisparentsdon’tliketheidea.______(4)Varundoesn’twanttogotoboardingschoolandisangryathisparents.TFTTSectionBReading

ReadingExercisesReadingIndividualismvs.CollectivismPowerDistanceMasculinityvs.FemininityUncertaintyAvoidanceReadingExercises1.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassageyouhavejustread.(1)Whatdoestheproverb“Nomatterhowstout,onebeamcannotsupportahouse”meaninChinese?CanyouthinkofotherChineseproverbsthatdemonstratethecollectivesenseinChineseculture?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theproverbmeans“單梁難撐房”inChinese.Nomatterhowstrong,onesinglebeamcanhardlysupportahouse.TheproverbshowstheimportanceofgrouporientationinChineseculture.TherearemanyChineseproverbswhichdemonstratethecollectivesenseinChineseculture,forexample:“眾人拾柴火焰高（Thefireburnshighwheneverybodyaddswoodtoit）”,“人多力量大（Manyhandsmakelightwork）”,“團結就是力量（Unityisstrength）”,“滴水不成海,獨木難成林（Adropofwaterdoesnotmakeasea,andasingletreedoesnotmakeaforest）”,“三個臭皮匠,頂個諸葛亮（Twoheadsarebetterthanone）”,etc.ReadingExercises1.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassageyouhavejustread.(2)CanyouexplaininyourownwordsthefourpairsofcontrastingvaluesidentifiedinHofstede’sresearch?CanyoufindexamplesacrosscountriestosupportHofstede’sfindings?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ThefourpairsofvaluesidentifiedinHofstede’sresearchcanbeunderstoodasfollows:1)Collectivistculturesemphasizecommunity,collaboration,sharedinterest,harmony,thepublicgood,andmaintainingface.Individualisticculturesemphasizepersonalrightsandresponsibilities,privacy,voicingone’sownopinion,freedom,innovation,andselfexpression.Forexample,inKoreanculture,traitssuchasindirectcommunication,savingface,concernforothers,andgroupcooperationarelinkedtoKorea’scollectiveorientation.Inalearningenvironment,acollectiveclassroomwillstressharmonyandcooperationratherthancompetition.ReadingExercises1.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassageyouhavejustread.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2)Powerdistancedefinestheextenttowhichthelesspowerfulpersoninsocietyacceptsinequalityinpowerandconsidersitasnormal.Inhigh-powerdistancecultures,peoplebelievethatpowerandauthorityarefactsoflife.Inlow-powerdistancecountries,peopleholdthatinequalityinsocietyshouldbeminimized.Forexample,inhigh-powerdistancesocieties,theeducationalprocessisteachercentered.Theteacherinitiatesallcommunication,outlinesthepathoflearningstudentsshouldfollow,andisneverpubliclycriticizedorcontradicted.Inabusinesscontextwithlow-powerdistanceyoumightobservedecisionsbeingshared,subordinatesbeingconsulted,bossesrelyingonsupportteams,andstatussymbolsbeingkepttoaminimum.ReadingExercises1.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassageyouhavejustread.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3)Uncertaintyavoidancedealswiththefactthatthefutureisunknown.Peoplecanneverpredictwith100percentassurancewhatsomeonewilldoorwhatmighthappeninthefuture.Differentculturesdealwiththefactthatthefutureisuncertaindifferently.Peopleinsomeculturesexperiencerelativelyhighlevelofanxietyandstress,whileothersarewillingtotakerisksandaremoreflexible.High-uncertaintyavoidanceculturestrytoavoiduncertaintybyprovidingstabilityfortheirmembersthroughrules,regulations,rituals,etc.Inlow-uncertaintyavoidancecultures,peopleaccepttheuncertaintyinherentinlifemoreeasily,tendtobetolerantoftheunusual,andarenotasthreatenedbydifferentideasandpeople.Differencesinuncertaintyavoidanceinfluenceinterculturalcommunication.Forexample,inaclassroomcomposedofchildrenfromlow-uncertaintyavoidancecultures,wemightexpecttoseestudentsfeelingcomfortableinunstructuredlearningsituations,beingrewardedforinnovativeapproachestoproblem-solving,andrecognizingthattruthisrelative.Inhighuncertaintyavoidancecultures,studentsexpectstructuredlearningsituationsandseekrightanswers.ReadingExercises1.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassageyouhavejustread.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4)Masculinitystandsforasocietyinwhichsocialgenderrolesareclearlydistinct.Menaresupposedtobeassertive,tough,andfocusedonmaterialsuccess,whilewomenaresupposedtobemoremodest,tender,andconcernedwiththequalityoflife.Femininitystandsforasocietyinwhichsocialgenderrolesoverlap:bothmenandwomenaresupposedtobemodest,tender,andconcernedwiththequalityoflife.Forfemininesociety,qualityoflifeisahighpriorityinlife,andoneworksinordertolive.Workislesscentralinpeople’slife.NationssuchasSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlandstendtowardafeminineworldview.InSweden,whichhadthehighestrankinginHofstede’sfemininitycategory,womenoccupied4(7)3percentofthe349legislativepositionsfollowingthe2006election,whichsuggestsahighlevelofpoliticalempowerment.ReadingExercises1.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassageyouhavejustread.(3)InCross-CulturalCommunication,theauthorsdrawreaders’attentiontothefollowingfact:TherearenumerousUSco-culturesthatcanbeclassifiedascollective.AfricanAmericans,forinstance,exhibitmanyofthetraitsattributedtocollectivesocieties,andHispanicsandAsianAmericansplacegreatvalueontheirextendedfamilies.WhatdoestheaboveparagraphtellyouaboutAmericanculture?WhatdidHofstedesayaboutAmericancultureintermsoftheindividualism-collectivismdimension?WhatcanyoulearnabouttheculturalvaluesmentionedinHofstede’sresearch?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1)Therearemanyco-cultureswithintheAmericansociety,andsomeco-cultureshavecollectivetraits.2)Hofstede’sresearchrankedtheUnitedStatesNo.1intheindividualismvalueorientation.3)Hofstede’sresearchonlyshoweddifferencesinnationalvalueorientations,whilewithineachnation,therearemanylayersofcultures.SoHofstede’sfindingappliedtothedominantcultureofacountry.ReadingExercises2.Smallgrouptask.InCulturesandOrganizations,theauthorsdescribetheuseofwords“no”and“yes”incollectivistcultures.Readanddiscussingroupswhetherthedescriptionfitsyourculture,andthenshareyourpersonalexperienceinthisaspect.Inmostcollectivistcultures,directconfrontationofanotherpersonisconsideredrudeandundesirable.Thewordnoisseldomused,becausesaying“no”isaconfrontation;“youmayberight”and“wewillthinkaboutit”areexamplesofpolitewaysofturningdownarequest.Inthesamevein,thewordyesshouldnotnecessarilybeinferredasanapproval,sinceitisusedtomaintainthelineofcommunication:“yes,Iheardyou”isthemeaningithasinJapan.ReadingExercises2.Smallgrouptask.Inhigh-contextcultures,animportantpurposeincommunicatingistopromoteandsustainharmonyamongtheparticipantsinthesecultures.ItisgenerallytruethatdirectconfrontationofanotherpersonisconsideredrudeandundesirableinChineseculture.Itisrelatedtotheconceptof“face”inChineseculture.Chinesepeoplearecautiousaboutspeaking,becausetheyarecautiousabouttheimpactoftheirwordswhentheycommunicatewithothers.Theydon’twanttolosefaceorthreatenthefaceofothers.Makingarequestisasomewhatface-threateningspeechact.Adirect“no”isface-threateningtotheotherparty.Bysaying“youmayberight”or“we’llthinkaboutit,”thespeaker’srealmeaningisexpressedwithoutsaying“no”directly.Andthelistenerwhogrowsupinthesameculturewillunderstandtheanswerasatentativedeclineorahalf-declineatleast.Inthisway,thespeakerdoesnothavetosay“no,”andthelistenerisnotrefuseddirectly.Hurtingtheotherparty’sfeelingsisavoidedatallcostswithgreatemphasisonsavingface.SectionC

CaseCaseListentothecaseandanswerthefollowingquestions.(1)WhatdoestheauthordoinChina?(2)What’stheproblemwiththeChineseclassroomaccordingtotheauthor?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheauthorteachesinaChineseuniversity._________________________________________