Unit4BodylanguagePart1清單式背誦——主干知識一遍過1.greetvi.&vt.迎接；問候；致敬greetsbwithsth用……向某人打招呼/歡迎某人greetingn.問候；招呼[U，C]greetings[pl.]問候的話；祝詞；賀詞eg.(2022·株洲高三模擬)WhenTomopenedthefrontdooroftheirflattoinvestigate,athickcloudofsmokegreetedhim.當(dāng)湯姆打開他們公寓的前門進(jìn)行調(diào)查時，一陣濃煙向他襲來。2.representvt.代表(standfor)，表示；象征(symbolize)；描繪；宣稱；說明，展示(present)?representsb/sth代表某人/某物；作為某人/某物的代言人；維護(hù)某人/某物的利益representsbtodosth代表某人做某事represent...as/tobe...宣稱……為……；把……描繪成……representsthtosb向某人說明或傳達(dá)某事?representativen.代表adj.典型的；有代表性的arepresentativeof...……的典型代表eg.(2019·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))Representingourschool，I’mgladtotellyousomethingaboutthecomingvolleyballgame.(告知信)我非常高興代表我們學(xué)校告訴你們有關(guān)即將到來的排球比賽的一些事宜?！军c撥】represent作“向……描述/表述”講時，不能直接跟“人”作賓語，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為“representsthtosb”或“representtosbsth”。類似用法的單詞還有explain,suggest,announce,guarantee等。3.curiousadj.好奇的；求知的；古怪的?becuriousabout...對……感到好奇becurioustodosth極想做某事Itis/wascuriousthat...真奇怪……?curiouslyadv.好奇地；奇妙地?curiosityn.好奇；好奇心；求知欲outofcuriosity出于好奇withcuriosity＝curiously好奇地eg.(2021·全國甲卷書面表達(dá))Eventually,IamstronglyeagertoknowwhichaspectsoftraditionalChineseculturearouseyourcuriositymost.(詢問信)最后，我非常想知道中國傳統(tǒng)文化的哪些方面最能引起你的好奇心。4.approachvt.&vi.接近；靠近；走近(drawnear)vt.與……接洽；找……商量(consult)；處理n.接近；方法；途徑?anapproachto...……的方法/通道(to為介詞)attheapproachof在快到……的時候makeanapproachto對……進(jìn)行探討?approachsth靠近/接近……withsthapproaching在……快到的時候【聯(lián)想】“(做)……的方法”的表達(dá)還有：thewaytodo/of(doing)sth，themeansof(doing)sth，themethodof(doing)sth5.defencen.防御；保衛(wèi)?indefence(of)保衛(wèi)(……)?defendvt.防御；保衛(wèi)；保護(hù)；辯護(hù)defendoneself自衛(wèi)；為……辯護(hù)defendagainst保衛(wèi)……以免受defendsbfrom/against保護(hù)某人免受……6.majoradj.主要的；重要的(main)n.專業(yè)vi.主修?majorin主修……；以……為專業(yè)?majorityn.大多數(shù)beina/themajority占多數(shù)a/themajorityof大多數(shù)……eg.(北京卷書面表達(dá))Asamatteroffact，heinspiredmetomajorinEnglishincollege，tobeabridgebetweenChinaandtheworld.(人物介紹)事實上，他激勵我在大學(xué)里主修英語，成為中國和世界之間的橋梁。7.likelyadj.可能的adv.或許；可能belikelyto很可能……；有希望……Itislikelythat...可能……【聯(lián)想】常見后綴－ly結(jié)尾的形容詞還有：weekly每周的；brotherly兄弟般的；costly昂貴的；manly有男子氣概的；friendly友好的；lively活潑的；lonely孤獨的；lovely可愛的；daily日常的8.ingeneral總的來說；通常；一般而言；大體上?generalknowledge常識asageneralrule一般而言；通常?generally(speaking)總體而言；一般而言eg.(全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))Ingeneral，youshouldn’tarrivelaterthanthefixedtime.(告知信)一般來說，你不應(yīng)晚于安排好的時間到達(dá)?！韭?lián)想】“in＋n.”其他常見短語：inshort總而言之；簡言之；indanger處于危險中；indetail詳細(xì)地；inbrief簡言之；insecret秘密地；invain徒勞9.easen.安逸；舒適vt.減輕(痛苦、憂慮)；緩和?takeone’sease使某人放松一下atease舒適；快活；自由自在put/setsbatease使某人感到輕松自在；使某人安心feel/lookatease感到/看上去心情放松withease容易地；毫不費勁地?easesbofsth減輕某人的(痛苦、負(fù)擔(dān)等)easeone’smind使某人安心eg.(2019·江蘇卷書面表達(dá))Wefeelateaseinourschooluniformseveryday.我們每天穿著校服感到很自在。10.angern.怒氣；怒火vt.使發(fā)怒；激怒?in/withanger憤怒地；生氣地?angryadj.生氣的；發(fā)怒的beangrywith/atsbfor...因……生某人的氣beangryat/about/oversth因某事而生氣11.loseface丟臉；丟面子saveface保全面子；有臉面inthefaceof面對……；在……面前facetoface面對面；相對befacedwith面對……；面臨……makefaces/aface做鬼臉12.turnone’sbackto背對；背棄；對……置之不理eg.Iwouldneverturnmybacktoherandrefusetohelpwhenthereisaneed.我永遠(yuǎn)不會在她需要幫助時置之不理。【聯(lián)想】和“turnone’sbackto...”結(jié)構(gòu)類似的短語：turnadeafearto...對……充耳不聞/置若罔聞shut/closeone’seyesto...對……閉目不看/視而不見教材詞塊1.ouruniversity’sstudentassociation我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生會2.afterhalfanhourofwaiting在等了半個小時之后3.lookaroundcuriously好奇地向四周張望4.appearsurprised看上去有些吃驚5.amajormisunderstanding一個重大的誤解6.reachhishandout伸出手7.comedashingthroughthedoor沖進(jìn)門來8.nodatthegirls朝女孩們點了點頭9.physicaldistance,actionsorposture身體間的距離、動作或姿態(tài)10.oneofthemostpowerfulmeansofcommunication最強有力的交際手段之一11.spokenlanguage口頭語言12.unspokencommunication沒有說出來的信息13.themostuniversalfacialexpression最普遍通用的面部表情14.showunhappinessorangerbyfrowning通過皺眉來表示不高興或者憤怒15.nodtheheadupanddown上下點頭16.shaketheheadfromsidetoside左右搖頭17.lookawayfrompeople把眼光從人們身上移開18.turnmyheadaway把我的頭扭到一邊教材佳句1.Notallculturesgreeteachotherthesameway，noraretheycomfortableinthesamewaywithtouchingordistancebetweenpeople.(部分否定)各種文化背景下人們互致問候的方式不盡相同，身體接觸和相互間距離的程度也并不一樣。2.Wecanoftenbewrongabouteachother，soitisanamazingthingthatweunderstandeachotheraswellaswedo!(形式主語it)盡管我們常常會彼此誤解，但我們?nèi)阅茏龅奖舜死斫?，這真是件令人驚奇的事啊！3.Themostuniversalfacialexpressionis，ofcourse，thesmile—itsfunctionistoshowhappinessandputpeopleatease.(不定式短語作表語)最普遍使用的面部表情當(dāng)然是微笑，它的作用是展示快樂和安人心境。However，peoplefromplaceslikeSpain，ItalyorSouthAmericancountriesapproachotherscloselyandaremorelikelytotouchthem.不過，來自西班牙、意大利或南美等國的人會站在離別人很近的地方，而且可能會(用身體)接觸對方。句型公式|belikelytodosth有可能做某事(1)Sb/Sthbelikelytodosth＝Itis/waslikelythat...意為“某人/某物做某事是可能的”。(2)Sb/Sthbeunlikelytodosth＝Itis/wasunlikelythat...意為“某人/某物做某事是不可能的”。(3)Itis/wasprobable/possiblethat...有可能……①(2020·浙江7月卷)MyheartleapedwithjoyasIknewwewerelikelytobesaved.當(dāng)我知道我們很可能得救時，我的心高興得跳了起來。②Itisn’tlikelythatIshouldacceptsuchanofferasthat.我不可能接受那樣的提議。Part2學(xué)案式檢測——背誦效果速評估(限時20分鐘)Ⅰ.單詞過關(guān)檢測課內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)——英漢互譯1.dormitoryn.宿舍2.majoradj.主要的3.approachvt.&vi.接近；靠近；走近n.接近；方法；途徑4.hugvi.&vt.擁抱5.functionn.作用；功能；職能vi.起作用；運轉(zhuǎn)6.representvt.代表；象征7.easen.安逸；舒適vt.減輕(痛苦、憂慮)8.adultn.成人；成年人adj.成人的；成熟的9.rankn.等級；軍銜10.dashvi.猛沖；突進(jìn)11.flightn.飛行；航班12.posturen.姿勢；體態(tài)13.crossroadsn.十字路口14.frownvi.皺眉；蹙額15.fistn.拳頭16.yawnvi.打呵欠17.respectfuladj.恭敬的18.subjectiveadj.主觀的課外拓展延伸——詞形變換1.associatevt.把……聯(lián)系起來→associationn.社團(tuán)；聯(lián)系；聯(lián)想2.curiousadj.好奇的→curiouslyadv.好奇地→curiosityn.好奇心3.defendvt.保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)→defencen.防御；保衛(wèi)4.misunderstandvt.誤解；誤會→misunderstandingn.誤解；誤會5.spokenadj.口語的→unspokenadj.未說出口的；非口語的6.trueadj.真實的→trulyadv.真實地；真誠地；真正地→truthn.真實；真理；真相7.angern.怒氣；怒火→angryadj.生氣的8.greetvi.&vt.迎接；問候→greetingn.迎接；問候；招呼9.statevt.陳述；說明→statementn.陳述；說明10.facen.臉→facialadj.面部的Ⅱ.短語詞塊過關(guān)檢測課內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)——英漢互譯1.defend__against保衛(wèi)……以免2.on__the__contrary相反地3.in__general總的來說；通常4.be__likely__to很可能……；有希望……5.getcloseto接近；靠近6.atease舒適地7.turnone’sbackto背對；背棄8.loseface丟臉9.lookingaroundcuriously好奇地向四周張望10.reachhishandout伸出手11.spokenlanguage口頭語言12.turnmyheadaway把頭扭到一邊課外拓展延伸——英漢互譯1.out__of__curiosity出于好奇2.defend__oneself自衛(wèi)；為……辯護(hù)3.in__a/the__majority占多數(shù)4.be__angry__with__sb__for...因……生某人的氣5.be__faced__with面對……；面臨……6.greetsbwithsth用……向某人打招呼/歡迎某人7.representsthtosb向某人說明或傳達(dá)某事8.attheapproachof在快到……的時候9.generally(speaking)總體而言；一般而言10.withease容易地；毫不費勁地Ⅲ.句式過關(guān)檢測課內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)——補全句子1.各種文化背景下人們互致問候的方式不盡相同，身體接觸和相互間距離的程度也并不一樣。(部分否定)Not__all__cultures__greet__each__other__the__same__way，noraretheycomfortableinthesamewaywithtouchingordistancebetweenpeople.2.盡管我們常常會彼此誤解，但我們?nèi)阅茏龅奖舜死斫猓@真是件令人驚奇的事??！(形式主語it)Wecanoftenbewrongabouteachother，so__it__is__an__amazing__thing__thatweunderstandeachotheraswellaswedo!3.最普遍使用的面部表情當(dāng)然是微笑，它的作用是展示快樂和安人心境。(不定式短語作表語)Themostuniversalfacialexpressionis，ofcourse，thesmile—itsfunctionisto__show__happiness__and__put__people__at__ease.4.不過，來自西班牙、意大利或南美等國的人會站在離別人很近的地方，而且可能會(用身體)接觸對方。(belikelytodosth)However，peoplefromplaceslikeSpain，ItalyorSouthAmericancountriesapproachotherscloselyandare__more__likely__to__touch__them.課外拓展延伸——補全句子1.我們每天穿著校服感到很自在。(ease)Wefeel__at__easeinourschooluniformseveryday.2.當(dāng)我知道我們很可能得救時，我的心高興得跳了起來。(belikelytodosth)MyheartleapedwithjoyasI__knew__we__were__likely__to__be__saved.3.我非常高興代表我們學(xué)校告訴你們有關(guān)即將到來的排球比賽的一些事宜。(represent)Representing__our__school，I’mgladtotellyousomethingaboutthecomingvolleyballgame.4.事實上，他激勵我在大學(xué)里主修英語，成為中國和世界之間的橋梁。(major)Asamatteroffact，heinspired__me__to__major__in__Englishincollege，tobeabridgebetweenChinaandtheworld.Part3層級式精練——單元要點全練通1.represent用法個個清——猜詞義/練用法/寫美句①(2020·浙江7月卷)However，avarietyoftypesarerepresentedhere.Theseincludecomedy，satire，poignantdrama，historicalandregionaldrama.vt.展示②Thissubjectissodifficult.Ireallydon’tknowhowtorepresentittoyou.③Intheafternoon，youtogetherwithsomeofourstudentrepresentatives(represent)aregoingtovisittheHaiheRiverandenjoythebeautifulscenerythere.④最后但同樣重要的是，我覺得代表我班參加小組跳舞比賽非常榮幸。Lastbutnotleast，Ifeel__it__an__honour__to__represent__my__class__to__take__part__inthegroupdancingcompetition.2.curious用法一遍過——練用法/寫美句①(2019·天津卷書面表達(dá))WearecuriousaboutWesternart，sowe’dlikeyoutodeliveraspeechaboutthehistoryofit.②(2022·長沙模擬)Confusedabouttheshirt,Jayceaskedcuriously(curious)，“Doestheshirthaveanyspecialmeaning？”③Theyhelpusunderstandsciencesubjectsbetterandarouseourcuriosity(curious)aboutscientificdiscoveries.④Curious__about__Western__art，we’dlikeyoutodeliveraspeechaboutthehistoryofit.(形容詞短語作狀語改寫①)3.approach用法多棱鏡——猜詞義/寫美句①(2020·浙江7月卷)SoIapproachedouruninvitedguestslowlyandthroughthefence，sprayedhimintheface.vt.走近；靠近②Wewillbeexploringdifferentapproachestogatheringinformation.n.方法；途徑③(2019·北京卷)Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently，shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners，whichcanreduceoralbacteria.vt.與……接洽；找……商量④(2020·浙江7月卷)AstheCollegeEntranceExaminationapproaches，wearebusymakingfullpreparationsforit.vi.接近；鄰近⑤With__the__College__Entrance__Examination__approaching，wearebusymakingfullpreparationsforit.(用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)改寫④)4.ease用法全掌握——練用法/寫美句①Weliveinanagewhenmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.②Thenewsthathersonwassafefinallyeasedherofanxiety.③(2022·徐州三模)Hejustsatthereatease.Hedidn’tseemlost.Justasifheweredroppingbyforavisit.④Whenyouarenervous，you’dbetterlistentosomelightmusictorelaxyourself.→Whennervous，whynotlistentosomelightmusictoput/set__yourself__at__ease?(用ease短語升級加黑詞匯)5.“不定式作定語”用法面面觀——練用法/寫美句①AsfarasIknow，Amywastheonlypersonto__witness(witness)thecaraccident.②Theabilityto__express(express)anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.③(浙江卷)我能說一口流利的英語，我是班上第一個出國深造的學(xué)生。IcanspeakfluentEnglishandI__am__the__first__student__in__my__class__to__go__abroad__for__further__study.6.“l(fā)ikely”句型薈萃——練用法/寫美句①(全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))Youarelikelyto__make(make)yourfriendsfeelembarrassedifyoudon’tknowChina’stablemanners.②IhavelearnedthatMr.Browndisagreeswithyou.Yoursuggestionisunlikelyto__be__accepted(accept)underpresentcondition.③It__is__likely__that__you__will__makeyourfriendsfeelembarrassedifyoudon’tknowChina’stablemanners.(用形式主語it改寫①)維度一詞形變化練1.(2021·浙江6月卷)Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangry(anger)humanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy.2.(2020·江蘇卷書面表達(dá))Idon’treallyunderstandeverylineherecites，butIbelievehetruly(true)lovesthepoemshimself.3.(全國卷Ⅲ)ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstanding(misunderstand)oftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.4.(2019·江蘇卷書面表達(dá))LiJiangandSuHuadon’tagreeonwhattowearwhengreeting(greet)theBritishstudents.5.(四川卷)Andtheiranswersshouldbebasedongestures，bodylanguageandfacial(face)expressions.6.Therehasalwaysbeenacloseassociation(associate)betweenthesetwoschools.7.Theteacheroftenasksustomakeuseofeverychancewegettoimproveourspoken(speak)English.8.Soonafterwardshemadehisfirstpublicstatement(state)abouttheaffair.維度二固定用法練1.Iamalwaysweakinmathinhighschool,soIthinkIwillchoosetomajorinliteratureincollege.2.Ingeneral，awidevarietyofextra－curricularactivitieswillbroadenourhorizons，andmakeusrelaxed.3.HeplannedtolearnKongfuinthesummerholidayssothathecoulddefendhimselfagainstbeingattacked.4.Mumturnedherbacktome，whichmeantthatshewasprobablyangrywithme.5.WewerehavingameetingwhenJohnsoncamedashing(dash)inwithapieceofpaperinhishand.6.ItisamazingthatChinahasmadesuchgreatadvancementineducationandtechnology.7.Being__misunderstood(misunderstand)byotherswhenyoudonothingwrongatallisquiteabadexperience.8.Tomdidn’tanswerthequestionandfeltthathelost(lose)facebeforehisclassmates.維度三語境辨義練■熟詞生義——根據(jù)語境寫出加黑詞的詞性和詞義1.(2020·浙江7月卷)Thenwerealizedthatthesprayhadonlyangeredhimevenmore.vt.使發(fā)怒，激怒；惱火2.(全國卷Ⅰ)Overtheyears，therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.vt.處理■一詞多義——根據(jù)語境選出rank的含義A.n.地位B.n.軍銜C.vt.分等級；排名1.(陜西卷)Mostpeoplepolleddonotconnecttheirreligiousbeliefstotheirnationalpride.Religionrankedlastin13countries—withFrancescoringitat1%，thelowestofall.C2.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens，andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes，breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers，amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.A3.Hewassoonpromotedtotherankofcaptain.B人與社會——社會服務(wù)與人際溝通用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識完成作文假設(shè)你是某中學(xué)的學(xué)生會主席李華。上周，你校邀請美國某大學(xué)的史密斯教授來校做了一場關(guān)于各國身勢語的專題講座。請你代表你校全體學(xué)生，用英語給他寫一封感謝信。DearProfessorSmith，1.Representing__our__school(代表我們學(xué)校)，I’mwritingtoconveyourappreciationtoyouforthelectureconcerningbodylanguageyougaveuslastweek.Inaword，notonlyhasyourlecture2.left__a__deep__impression__on__us__but__also__broadened__our__horizons(給我們留下了深刻的印象，也開闊了我們的視野).Throughthelecture，welearnedthat3.not__all__cultures__greet__people__in__the__same__way(并非所有文化的問候方式都是一樣的)，noragesturemeansthesame.Forexample，thegestureforOKisrudeinBrazilandshakingone’sheadmeans“yes”insomecountries，whichwehaveneverknownbefore.Weareconvincedthattheknowledgewillbeverybeneficial4.when__communicating__with__people__from__other__cultures(當(dāng)與來自其他文化背景的人交流時).Otherwise，there5.are__likely__to__be__some__misunderstandings(可能會有一些誤解)incommunication.Thanksagainforyourwonderfullecture.Yours，LiHuaPart4配餐式作業(yè)——高考題型精準(zhǔn)練(限時30分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2022·昆明市“三診一?！备呖寄M)I’dneverheardoftheyangqin—an18thcenturyChinesestringedinstrument—untilthispastSunday，whenIhadthepleasureofhearingEastmangraduateandmusicperformerZhangWenzhuoperformonitinavirtualconcert.Wenzhuo，aChinesenative，beganhertrainingontheyangqinatagefive.Whenshewasonly13，WenzhuowasawardedascholarshiptotheArtsSchoolofHebeiProvince；thehighlycompetitiveprogramonlyacceptedasingleyangqinstudenteverytwoyears.Aftergraduation，sheplacedfirstinnationwidecompetitionsandwasadmittedintotheNationalAcademyofChineseTheatreArtsinBeijing，whereshewasawardedherbachelor’sinyangqinperformancein2005.SheobtainedherdoctoratefromBostonUniversityinmusiceducationin2015andstudiedethnomusicologyatEastmanfrom2017to2019.Wenzhuohasperformedwithcountlessorchestrasandgroupsofmusiciansandwoncountlessawardsforherperformances.BeforeWenzhuoperformedonheryangqin，shepresentedabriefhistoricalbackgroundoftheinstrument’sorigin，anddiscusseditscontinuedusageuptothepresentday.Determinedbymusicologiststobebasedonthesimilarly－structuredEnglishhammereddulcimer(大揚琴)，theyangqinwasfirstusedinChinesefolkmusicperformanceandoperas.Astimewenton，performancesbegantobesponsoredbythecountry，andyangqinperformersweregivenapathtohigherlevelsofsocialmobility.Wenzhuoperformedfourpieces，threetracingtheiroriginstocenturies’oldChinesecomposers，andonefromthemodernera.Needlesstosay，Wenzhuo’sperformancessoundedfantastic.Theyangqinisauniqueandbeautifulinstrumentanditssound，coupledwithWenzhuo’smusicalability，allowedthefourgreatlydifferingpiecestostandtogetherasawonderfulintroductiontotheinstrument.ItwasfascinatingtolearnabouttheyangqinandajoytowatchWenzhuoperformonit.【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。通過音樂演奏家張文卓呈現(xiàn)的一場揚琴視聽大宴介紹了她的音樂成長之路及獲得的成績。1.WhatcanwelearnaboutZhangWenzhuo?A.Shehasbeentrainedfor13years.B.Shetoppedmanycompetitions.C.ShestudiedethnomusicologyinBoston.D.ShebecameabacheloratEastman.答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“thehighlycompetitiveprogramonlyacceptedasingleyangqinstudenteverytwoyears”和“sheplacedfirstinnationwidecompetitions”以及“woncountlessawards”可知，她在許多比賽中名列前茅。]2.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Wenzhuo’spersonalities.B.Wenzhuo’snationality.C.Wenzhuo’scontributions.D.Wenzhuo’sschooling.答案D[主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的一些用詞和時間標(biāo)志，如：beganhertraining，ascholarship，student，graduation，wasadmittedinto，bachelor，musiceducation可知，第二段主要講述她的學(xué)習(xí)生涯。]3.WhatmadeWenzhuo’sperformancesfantastic?A.Herhighlevelofsocialmobility.B.Herknowledgeoftheinstrument.C.Hergiftandthecharmoftheyangqin.D.Herunderstandingofdifferentcultures.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段尾句可知，揚琴是一種獨特而美麗的樂器，其獨特的聲音，加上文卓的音樂才能，使得演出十分精彩。]4.Howdoestheauthorsoundtowardtheyangqin?A.Favorable. B.Curious.C.Strange. D.Cold.答案A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Itwasfascinatingtolearnabouttheyangqin”可知，作者十分贊許揚琴。A項意為“贊成的，贊許的”；B項意為“好奇的”。]【詞匯積累】1.instrumentn.樂器2.awardv.授予；獎勵；判給n.獎；獎品；獎賞；獎金3.competitiveadj.有競爭力的；競爭的4.fascinatingadj.迷人的；吸引人的；使人神魂顛倒的5.couple熟義：n.對；數(shù)個：夫婦生義：v.結(jié)合B(2022·河北省九校第二次聯(lián)考)Anyonewhocommutes(通勤)bycarknowsthattrafficjamsareanunavoidablepartoflife.Buthumansarenotaloneinfacingpotentialjams.Antsalsocommute—betweentheirnestsandsourcesoffood.Thesurvivaloftheircoloniesdependsondoingthisefficiently.Whenhumanscommute，there’sapointatwhichcarsbecomedense(稠密的)enoughtoslowdowntheflowoftrafficcausingajam.Researcherswantedtoknowifantsonthemovecouldalsogetstuck.SotheyregulatedtrafficdensitybyconstructingbridgesofvariouswidthsbetweenacolonyofArgentineantsandasourceoffood.Thentheywaitedandwatched，tryingtofindoutatwhatpointtheyweregoingtohaveatrafficjam.Butitappearedthatthatneverhappened.Theyalwaysmanagedtoavoidatrafficjam.Theflowofantsdidincreaseinthebeginningasantsstartedtofillthebridgeandthenlevelledoffathighdensity.Butitneversloweddownorstopped，evenwhenthebridgewasnearlyfilledwithants.Theresearchersthentookacloserlookathowthebehaviourofindividualantsimpactedtrafficasawhole.Andtheyfoundthatwhenantssenseovercrowding，theyadjusttheirspeedsandavoidenteringhigh－densityareas，whichpreventsjams.Theirbehaviourmaybepromotedbypheromones，chemicalsthatcantellotherantswhereatrailis.Theantsalsomanagetoavoidcolliding(碰撞)witheachotherathighdensity，whichcouldreallyslowthemdown.Canantshelpussolveourowntrafficproblems?Notlikely.That’sbecausewhenitcomestogettingfrompointAtopointBasfastaspossible，humandriversputtheirowngoalsfirst.Individualantshavetobemorecooperativeinordertofeedthecolony.Buttheresearchcouldbeusefulinimprovingtrafficflowforself－drivingcars，whichcanbedesignedtobelesslikeselfishhumans—andmorelikeants.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，螞蟻在往返于巢穴和食物源之間時，如果感覺到過度擁擠就會作出調(diào)整以避免交通堵塞。它們的行為可能是由它們體內(nèi)的信息素推動的。這項研究在改善自動駕駛汽車的交通流量上可能有用。5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2referto?A.Surviving. B.Commuting.C.Findingfood. D.Avoidingjams.答案B[詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句的上句可知，螞蟻也會往返于它們的巢穴和食物源之間。結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示它們?nèi)后w的生存依賴于高效地進(jìn)行往返。據(jù)此可知，this指代“commuting”。]6.Howdidtheresearcherscontrolthetrafficdensityofthecommutingants?A.Throughcloserobservation.B.Byregulatingtheirnumbers.C.Byfindingoutthedensepoints.D.Bycontrollingthewidthsoftheirpath.答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Sotheyregulatedtrafficdensity...asourceoffood”可知，研究人員通過建造不同寬度的橋來控制往返于兩地的螞蟻的交通密度。]7.Howcanantsavoidtrafficjamsaccordingtotheresearch?A.Theyfollowaspecialroute.B.Theymaketheirflowsteadyathighdensity.C.Theyneverstoporslowdownontheway.D.Theydependontheirnaturalchemicalstomakeadjustment.答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句可知，螞蟻是依賴自身的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來作出調(diào)整以避免交通堵塞的。]8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TrafficjamsB.SurvivalofanantcolonyC.Unavoidable?Notforants!D.Differencesbetweenhumansandants答案C[主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了這樣一種現(xiàn)象：人類有交通堵塞，可是交通堵塞在蟻群中不會發(fā)生，這是因為螞蟻在感覺到過度擁擠時會作出調(diào)整以避免交通堵塞。故C項最適合作本文的標(biāo)題。A項意為“交通堵塞”，太空泛。]【詞匯積累】1.slow熟義：adj.慢的；減速的生義：vi(使)減速；(使)降低2.regulate/'reɡjule?t/v.調(diào)節(jié)，控制；管理，約束3.density/'dens?ti/n.密度4.leveloff/out變得平穩(wěn)；保持水平5.asawhole總的來說Ⅱ.七選五(2022·石家莊市質(zhì)量檢測一)Haveyoueverwonderedwhyyou’renotashappyasyou’dliketobe?BasedonmyownpersonalexperienceandthehappinessfactspublishedbyHarvardUniversity，I’vesummarizedthefollowinghabitsthatwillmakeyouhappy!Laughoften.Laughteristhemostpowerfulmedicineforangerordepression.Researchhasshownthatthesimpleactofsmilingcanincreaseyourfeelingofhappiness.__1__Trytofindhumorandlaughterinlife’severydaystruggles.Keepyouragreements.Ourself－respectisbuiltontheagreementswe’vemadewithourselvesandwithothers.Andhighself－respecthasadirectrelationshipwithhappiness.__2__Doyourbestandthenletgo.Everyonehaslimitations,andthingsdon’talwaysturnouttobewhatwe’dlikethemtobe—despiteourefforts.Soalwaysgiveyourbest,andthenletgo.__3__Whenyou’vedoneyourbest,you’llhavenoregrets.Giveback.__4__AccordingtoHarvard，whenpeopledogood,theirbrainsbecomeactiveintheverysamerewardcenterthatisstimulatedwhentheyexperienceotherrewards.Soit’snotasurprisethatpeoplewhocaremoreaboutothersarehappierthanthosewhocarelessaboutothers.Thesehappinesshabitshaveproventobetrueinmyownlife.DuringthoseperiodswhenIfocusondevelopingthehabitslistedabove,Idofeelhappierandmorefulfilled—likenow.Happinessisnotanaccident