高一英語宇宙科學(xué)試題I.閱讀理解(ReadingComprehension)Passage1:TheBigBangTheoryTheuniversebeganwithamassiveexplosioncalledtheBigBangapproximately13.8billionyearsago.Beforethisevent,allmatterandenergywerecompressedintoanextremelysmall,hot,anddensepoint.Whentheexplosionoccurred,matterscatteredoutward,creatingspaceandcausingtheuniversetoexpandcontinuously.Overtime,thetemperaturecooled,allowingsubatomicparticlestoformatoms,whichlatercombinedintostars,galaxies,andplanets.Scientistshavegatheredevidencetosupportthistheory,suchasthecosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation—afaintglowleftoverfromtheBigBang.Anotherkeyproofistheredshiftofdistantgalaxies,whichshowstheyaremovingawayfromEarth,indicatingtheuniverse’sexpansion.Despitethesediscoveries,questionsremain:WhatexistedbeforetheBigBang?Howwilltheuniverseend?Thesemysteriescontinuetodriveastronomicalresearch.Questions:Whatcausedtheuniversetoexpand?NametwopiecesofevidencefortheBigBangTheory.Whyisthecosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiationimportant?Passage2:China’sLunarExplorationProgramChina’sChang’e-5mission,launchedinNovember2020,markedamajormilestoneinlunarexploration.Thespacecraft,carriedbyaLongMarch-5rocket,successfullycollected2kgofmoonsamples—thefirstsuchmissionsincethe1970s.Afterenteringlunarorbit,thelandertoucheddownonthenearsideofthemoon,whereitdrilledintothesurfaceandgatheredsoilandrockfragments.Themissionalsotestednewtechnologies,includingautonomouslandingandsamplereturn.Theascendermoduleliftedofffromthemoon,dockedwiththeorbiter,andtransferredthesamplestothereturner,whichparachutedbacktoEarthinDecember2020.Thesesamplesprovideinsightsintothemoon’sgeologicalhistory,helpingscientistsunderstanditsformationandevolution.Questions:WhatwasthemainachievementofChang’e-5?HowdidthespacecraftreturnthesamplestoEarth?Whyarethemoonsamplesvaluabletoscientists?Passage3:LifeBeyondEarthIstherelifeonotherplanets?Astronomersfocusonexoplanets—planetsoutsideoursolarsystem—thatliewithintheirstar’shabitablezone,wheretemperaturesallowliquidwatertoexist.Forexample,ProximaCentaurib,aplanetorbitingthecloseststartothesun,isaprimecandidate.Itssizeanddistancefromitsstarsuggestitmayhavearockysurfaceandliquidwater.However,liferequiresmorethanwater.Astableatmosphere,protectionfromharmfulradiation,andchemicalbuildingblockslikecarbonarealsoessential.Whilenoextraterrestriallifehasbeenfoundyet,missionslikeNASA’sJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeaimtostudyexoplanetatmospheresforsignsofoxygenormethane,whichcouldindicatebiologicalactivity.Questions:Whatisanexoplanet?WhyisProximaCentauribconsideredapromisingtargetforfindinglife?Whatsubstancesmightindicatelifeonanexoplanet?II.語法填空(GrammarCloze)Passage1:BlackHolesAblackholeisaregioninspacewheregravityis(1)______strongthatnothing,notevenlight,canescapeitspull.Mostblackholesformwhenmassivestarscollapse(2)______theendoftheirlifecycle.Asastarrunsoutofnuclearfuel,itscorecollapsesunderitsownweight,creating(3)______extremelydenseobject.Scientistsdetectblackholesindirectlybyobservingtheireffectsonnearbymatter.Forexample,whengasanddustarepulledintoablackhole,theyheatupandemitX-rays,(4)______canbedetectedbytelescopes.In2019,theEventHorizonTelescopecapturedthefirstimageofablackhole,(5)______(confirm)Einstein’stheoryofgeneralrelativity.Passage2:MarsExplorationNASA’sPerseveranceroverlandedonMarsinFebruary2021(6)______(search)forsignsofancientmicrobiallife.Equippedwithadvancedinstruments,ithascollectedrocksamples(7)______willbereturnedtoEarthinfuturemissions.TheroveralsocarriedIngenuity,asmallhelicopter,whichmadethefirstpoweredflightonanotherplanet.Mars’environmentisharsh:temperaturesaverage-63°C,andthethinatmosphereofferslittleprotectionfromsolarradiation.(8)______,scientistsbelieveMarsoncehadoceansandathickeratmosphere,makingit(9)______(possible)forlifetoexist.StudyingMarshelpsusunderstandEarth’spastandfuture,andpreparesforhuman(10)______(explore)oftheredplanet.III.完形填空(ClozeTest)Astronomyhasfascinatedhumansforcenturies.Ancientcivilizationsstudiedthestarstotrackseasonsandcreatecalendars.Today,moderntechnologyallowsustoexploretheuniverse(1)______unprecedentedways.TheHubbleSpaceTelescope,launchedin1990,hasrevolutionizedourunderstandingofspace.Itcapturesimagesofdistantgalaxies,nebulae,andsupernovae,revealingtheuniverse’s(2)______.Oneofitsmostfamousdiscoveriesisdarkenergy,amysteriousforcecausingtheuniversetoexpand(3)______.Anotherbreakthroughisthediscoveryofgravitationalwaves—ripplesinspacetimecausedbyviolenteventslikeblackholemergers.Detectedin2015,thesewavesconfirmEinstein’spredictionsandopenanew“window”to(4)______theuniverse.Aswelooktothefuture,missionstoMarsandbeyondaimtoanswerfundamentalquestions:Arewealone?Howdidtheuniversebegin?(5)______thesequestionsareanswered,astronomywillcontinuetoinspirecuriosityandinnovation.Optionsfor(1)-(5):A.withB.inC.onD.byA.beautyB.ageC.sizeD.mysteryA.fasterB.slowerC.steadilyD.randomlyA.observeB.studyC.exploreD.measureA.UntilB.AfterC.WhileD.OnceIV.書面表達(Writing)Writea150-wordessayonthetopic“WhySpaceExplorationMatters.”Includethefollowingpoints:TechnologicaladvancementsfromspaceresearchUnderstandingEarth’senvironmentInspirationforfuturegenerationsExampleEssay:Spaceexplorationdrivesinnovation,leadingtotechnologieslikeGPS,medicalimaging,andsolarpanels.StudyingotherplanetsalsohelpsusprotectEarth—forinstance,monitoringasteroidsreducescollisionrisks,andanalyzingMars’climatechangeteachesusaboutourownplanet’sfragility.Moreover,spacemissionsinspireyoungpeopletopursueSTEMcareers,ensuringaskilledworkforceforfuturechallenges.Inshort,exploringtheuniversebenefitshumanityinpracticalandprofoundways.V.詞匯填空(VocabularyFill-in-the-Blank)Fillintheblankswiththegivenwords:gravity,galaxy,astronaut,telescope,orbitAn______isapersontrainedtotravelinspace.TheMilkyWayisourhome______.A______isatoolusedtoobservedistantobjectsinspace.Themoon’s______causestidesonEarth.Earth______thesunonceevery365days.VI.句子翻譯(SentenceTranslation)黑洞的引力太強，以至于光都無法逃脫。中國計劃在未來十年建造一個月球科研站?？茖W(xué)家認(rèn)為火星上曾經(jīng)存在液態(tài)水。宇宙的年齡約為138億年。太空探索幫助我們更好地了解地球。VII.閱讀理解七選五(ReadingwithChoices)Readthepassageandchoosethebestsentencetofillineachblank.TheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)isamultinationalspacestationorbitingEarth.______(1)Itservesasalaboratoryforscientificresearchinmicrogravity,whereastronautsstudybiology,physics,andastronomy.______(2)Since2000,ithasbeencontinuouslyoccupiedbycrewsfromaroundtheworld.TheseastronautsconductexperimentsthatcannotbedoneonEarth,suchasgrowingplantsinspaceandtestingnewmaterials.______(3)Forexample,ISStechnologyhasbeenusedtodevelopwaterpurificationsystemsfordisasterzones.Italsopromotesinternationalcooperation,ascountriesliketheUS,Russia,andJapanworktogetheronitsoperation.A.TheISSisoneofthemostcomplexengineeringprojectseverbuilt.B.LifeontheISSischallenging,withastronautssleepinginsmallcabinsandexercisingdailytopreventmuscleloss.C.TheresearchconductedontheISSbenefitspeopleonEarth,too.D.Itorbitsatanaltitudeofapproximately400kilometers.Answers:(1)D,(2)A,(3)CVIII.語法選擇(GrammarMultipleChoice)Thesun______(rise)intheeastandsetsinthewest.A.riseB.risesC.roseD.willriseIfwe______(discover)lifeonMars,itwouldchangeourviewoftheuniverse.A.discoverB.discoveredC.willdiscoverD.haddiscoveredTherocket______(launch)nextmonthwillcarryasatelliteintoorbit.A.launchingB.launchedC.tolaunchD.islaunchingWe______(learn)abouttheBigBangTheoryinscienceclassyesterday.A.learnB.learnedC.havelearnedD.willlearnAstronomers______(study)theuniverseforthousandsofyears.A.studyB.studiedC.havestudiedD.willstudyIX.話題寫作(TopicWriting)Imagineyouareanastronautonthemoon.Writeadiaryentrydescribingyourexperience.Includedetails