高一英語外交科學(xué)試題第一部分單項(xiàng)選擇（共15小題，每題1分）從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。TheUnitedNations________in1945topromoteinternationalcooperationandresolveconflictspeacefully.A.wasfoundedB.foundedC.isfoundedD.hasfoundedWhennegotiatinginternationalagreements,diplomatsmust________culturaldifferencestoavoidmisunderstandings.A.takecareofB.takeintoaccountC.takeoverD.takeoffClimatechangeisa________issuethatrequiresjointeffortsfromallcountries.A.globalB.localC.personalD.nationalTheambassador________aspeechattheuniversityyesterday,emphasizingtheimportanceofyouthexchangeprograms.A.deliverB.deliversC.deliveredD.willdeliverIninternationalrelations,"softpower"referstoacountry’sabilityto________othersthroughcultureandvaluesratherthanforce.A.influenceB.attackC.ignoreD.controlIfcountries________tradebarriers,globaleconomicgrowthwillbepromotedsignificantly.A.reduceB.increaseC.buildD.maintainTheParisAgreement,whichaimstolimitglobalwarming,hasbeensignedby________190countries.A.nearlyB.hardlyC.rarelyD.suddenlyDiplomaticenvoysoftenuse________languagetoexpressdisagreementpolitelyduringnegotiations.A.directB.aggressiveC.ambiguousD.diplomaticInternationalorganizationslikeWHOplayakeyrolein________publichealthcrisesworldwide.A.preventingB.creatingC.hidingD.ignoringCulturalexchangeprogramshelp________mutualunderstandingbetweennations.A.decreaseB.deepenC.stopD.weakenTheforeignminister________withhiscounterpartfromFrancenextweektodiscussbilateralcooperation.A.meetsB.metC.willmeetD.hasmetIndiplomacy,non-verbalcommunicationsuchasbodylanguageandfacialexpressionscansometimesconvey________thanwords.A.moreB.lessC.fewerD.muchThetreaty________environmentalprotectionwasfinallyapprovedafterthreeyearsofnegotiations.A.forB.onC.withD.atWhenacountryfacesadiplomaticcrisis,itsembassystaffmustremain________andfollowemergencyprotocols.A.calmB.nervousC.excitedD.confusedGlobalizationhasmadeit________forcountriestodependoneachothereconomically.A.impossibleB.difficultC.necessaryD.optional第二部分完形填空（共20小題，每題1.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。In2015,ayoungdiplomatnamedMariawasassignedtoworkattheembassyinKenya.HermissionwastopromoteeducationalexchangesbetweenherhomecountryandKenya.Onherfirstday,sherealizedthatdiplomacywasnotjustaboutsigningagreements—itwasaboutbuilding16________.Oneafternoon,MariavisitedalocalschoolinNairobi.Thestudentswerecuriousaboutherjob.“Whatdoesadiplomatactuallydo?”askeda12-year-oldboy.Mariasmiledandexplained,“We’relike17________betweencountries.Welistentoeachother’sneedsandfindwaystohelponeanother.”Duringherstay,Marianoticedthatmanyschoolslackedaccesstomoderneducationalresources.Sheproposedaprojecttohergovernment:donatingcomputersandbookstoKenyanschools.However,theplanfaced18________.Someofficialsworriedaboutthecost,whileothersquestionedwhethertheresourceswouldbeusedeffectively.Mariadecidedto19________localcommunities.Shemetwithteachers,parents,andstudentstounderstandtheirneeds.“Weneedpracticaltools,notjustequipment,”ateachertoldher.“Trainingforteachersisequallyimportant.”Mariaadjustedherproposal,addingteachertrainingworkshopstotheproject.Aftermonthsof20________,theprojectwasapproved.In2016,thefirstbatchofcomputersarrived,andworkshopswereheldforover200teachers.Ayearlater,Mariareturnedtotheschoolshehadvisited.Thestudentswereusingthecomputerstoresearchglobalissues,andteachersreportedimprovedstudentengagement.Onestudent,Amina,sharedherdream:“Iwanttobeadiplomatsomeday,justlikeyou.Iwanttohelpmycountry21________withotherspeacefully.”Mariarealizedthatdiplomacywasnotjustaboutpolicies—itwasaboutinspiringfuturegenerationstobuildbridgesbetweennations.ThisexperiencetaughtMariathatsuccessfuldiplomacyrequires22________,flexibility,andadeepunderstandingoflocalcontexts.Whethernegotiatingtreatiesorimplementingaidprojects,diplomatsmustbalanceglobalgoalswiththeneedsofthecommunitiestheyserve.Inaworldfacingchallengeslikeclimatechangeandinequality,sucheffortsaremoreimportantthanever.A.bridgesB.wallsC.barriersD.bordersA.enemiesB.messengersC.competitorsD.strangersA.supportB.challengesC.praiseD.successA.ignoreB.avoidC.consultD.blameA.discussionB.argumentC.preparationD.negotiationA.connectB.fightC.competeD.disagreeA.stubbornnessB.empathyC.prideD.impatience第三部分閱讀理解（共4篇，每題2.5分）Passage1:TheRoleofDiplomacyinClimateActionClimatechangeisoneofthemostpressingchallengesofthe21stcentury,threateningecosystems,economies,andhumanlivesworldwide.Whilescientificresearchprovidescriticaldataonrisingtemperaturesandcarbonemissions,addressingthiscrisisrequiresglobalcooperation—anddiplomacyplaysacentralroleinmakingthiscooperationpossible.Internationalclimateagreements,suchastheParisAgreement,aretheresultofyearsofdiplomaticnegotiations.Diplomatsfromnearly200countriesmustbalancenationalinterestswiththecommongood.Forexample,developingcountriesoftenarguethatindustrializednations,whichhavehistoricallyemittedmoregreenhousegases,shouldtakegreaterresponsibilityforreducingemissions.Industrializedcountries,inturn,maydemandthatemergingeconomiesalsocommittostricttargets.Thesenegotiationsrequirecompromise,culturalsensitivity,andcreativeproblem-solving.Diplomacyalsofacilitatestheimplementationofclimatepolicies.Afteragreementsaresigned,diplomatsworkwithgovernments,NGOs,andbusinessestoensurethattargetsaremet.Forinstance,in2023,diplomatsfromDenmarkandKenyacollaboratedtolauncharenewableenergyproject,providingsolarpanelstoruralKenyancommunities.Thisnotonlyreducescarbonemissionsbutalsoimprovesaccesstoelectricity,demonstratinghowclimatediplomacycanaddressbothenvironmentalandsocialissues.Furthermore,publicdiplomacy—effortstoengagecitizensratherthanjustgovernments—playsakeyroleinbuildingsupportforclimateaction.CountrieslikeSwedenuseculturalexchangesandeducationalprogramstopromoteenvironmentalawareness,inspiringyoungpeopletoadvocateforpolicychange.Byfosteringasharedsenseofresponsibility,publicdiplomacystrengthensglobalsolidarityinthefightagainstclimatechange.Inconclusion,diplomacyisnotjustaboutpolitics;itisapowerfultoolforsolvingglobalproblems.Asclimatechangecontinuestoaffecteverycorneroftheworld,theneedforskilleddiplomatswhocanbridgedividesanddrivecollectiveactionhasneverbeengreater.Questions23-26Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Climatechangeiscausedbyhumanactivities.B.Diplomacyisessentialforaddressingclimatechange.C.Renewableenergyisthesolutiontoclimatecrisis.D.Industrializedcountriesshouldreduceemissions.Whydodevelopingcountriesdemandgreaterresponsibilityfromindustrializednations?A.Theyhavemoreadvancedtechnology.B.Theyhavehistoricallyemittedmoregreenhousegases.C.Theyaremoreaffectedbyclimatechange.D.Theyhavelargerpopulations.Howdoespublicdiplomacycontributetoclimateaction?A.Bysigninginternationalagreements.B.Byprovidingfinancialsupporttodevelopingcountries.C.Byengagingcitizensandbuildingpublicsupport.D.Byconductingscientificresearchonclimatechange.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofclimatediplomacymentionedinthepassage?A.Ascientificreportonrisingsealevels.B.ArenewableenergyprojectbetweenDenmarkandKenya.C.Aprotestagainstcarbonemissionsinamajorcity.D.Abusinessinvestinginfossilfuels.Passage2:CulturalExchangeandDiplomaticRelationsCulturalexchangeprogramshavelongbeenrecognizedasacornerstoneofsoftpowerininternationalrelations.Bypromotingunderstandingofdifferentcultures,theseprogramshelpbuildtrustandreducestereotypesbetweennations,creatingafoundationforstrongerdiplomaticties.OnenotableexampleistheFulbrightProgram,establishedin1946tofundeducationalexchangesbetweentheUnitedStatesandothercountries.Overthedecades,ithassupportedover400,000students,scholars,andprofessionals,manyofwhomhavegoneontobecomeleadersinpolitics,business,andacademia.A2018studyfoundthatFulbrightalumniaremorelikelytoadvocateforinternationalcooperationintheircareers,highlightingtheprogram’slong-termimpactondiplomacy.InAsia,China’sConfuciusInstituteshaveplayedasimilarrolebyteachingChineselanguageandcultureworldwide.Whiletheyhavefacedcriticisminsomecountriesoverconcernsaboutpoliticalinfluence,proponentsarguethattheyfosterpeople-to-peopleconnectionsthatofficialdiplomacyalonecannotachieve.Forinstance,aConfuciusInstituteinNairobi,Kenya,hastrainedover5,000studentssince2010,manyofwhomnowworkinSino-Kenyanbusinessordiplomaticroles.Culturalexchangealsohelpsdiplomatsthemselves.Whendiplomatsarefamiliarwiththelanguageandcustomsofthecountrytheyservein,theycancommunicatemoreeffectivelyandbuildstrongerrelationshipswithlocalofficials.Forexample,adiplomatwhospeaksArabicfluentlywillhaveanadvantageinnegotiatingwithMiddleEasterncounterparts,aslanguageproficiencyoftensignalsrespectandcommitment.Inaneraofrisingnationalismandglobaltensions,culturalexchangeprogramsserveasareminderofoursharedhumanity.Theydemonstratethatdespitedifferencesinpoliticsorideology,peoplearoundtheworldsharecommonvalues:adesireforpeace,prosperity,andmutualrespect.Assuch,theyarenotjusttoolsofdiplomacy—theyareinvestmentsinamoreinterconnectedandpeacefulworld.Questions27-30Whatisthepurposeofculturalexchangeprogramsindiplomacy?A.Topromotepoliticaldominance.B.Tobuildtrustandreducestereotypes.C.Toincreasemilitarypower.D.Tocontrolothercountries’economies.TheFulbrightProgramismentionedasanexampleof________.A.afaileddiplomaticinitiativeB.aprogramfocusedonmilitarycooperationC.asuccessfulculturalexchangeprogramD.abusinesspartnershipbetweennationsWhyislanguageproficiencyimportantfordiplomats?A.Ithelpsthemgainpoliticalpower.B.Itsignalsrespectandimprovescommunication.C.Itallowsthemtospyonothercountries.D.Itreducestheneedforinterpreters.Whatisthemainmessageofthepassage?A.Culturalexchangeprogramsaremoreimportantthanofficialdiplomacy.B.Culturalexchangebuildsconnectionsthatstrengthenglobalpeace.C.Onlydevelopedcountriesbenefitfromculturalexchange.D.Culturalexchangeprogramsshouldbereplacedbypoliticalnegotiations.Passage3:TheEvolutionofDiplomaticCommunicationDiplomaticcommunicationhasundergonedramaticchangesoverthecenturies,fromhandwrittenletterscarriedbymessengerstoinstantdigitalmessages.Theseshiftshavenotonlyspeededupinteractionsbutalsotransformedthenatureofdiplomacyitself.Inancienttimes,diplomacyreliedonenvoyswhotraveledformonthstodelivermessagesbetweenkingdoms.TheSilkRoad,forexample,servedasbothatraderouteandachannelfordiplomaticmissions,withambassadorscarryinggiftsandletterstoforgealliances.Theseinteractionswereslowbutallowedfordeepculturalexchange,asenvoysoftenspentyearsinforeignlands.Theinventionofthetelegraphinthe19thcenturyrevolutionizeddiplomacybyenablingnear-instantcommunication.DuringWorldWarI,telegraphswereusedtonegotiateceasefiresandcoordinatemilitarystrategies,thoughmessagescouldstillbeintercepted.The20thcenturybroughtfurtheradvancements:radio,telephone,andeventuallyemailmadeitpossiblefordiplomatstocommunicateinrealtime,reducingrelianceonin-personmeetings.Today,socialmediahasemergedasapowerfultoolinpublicdiplomacy.LeaderslikeformerU.S.PresidentBarackObamaandIndianPrimeMinisterNarendraModihaveusedTwittertoaddressglobalaudiencesdirectly,bypassingtraditionalmedia.However,thistrendhasalsoraisedchallenges:tweetscanbemisinterpreted,anddiplomatsmustnownavigatetherisksofinstant,unfilteredcommunication.Despitethesechanges,thecorepurposeofdiplomaticcommunicationremainsunchanged:toconveymessagesclearly,buildtrust,andadvancenationalinterests.Whetherthroughahandwrittenletteroratweet,diplomatsmustbalancetransparencywithcaution,ensuringthattheirwordsstrengthenratherthanundermineinternationalrelations.Questions31-34Howdidancientdiplomacydifferfrommoderndiplomacyintermsofcommunication?A.Ancientdiplomacywasfasterbutlesseffective.B.Ancientdiplomacyreliedonslow,in-personenvoys.C.Ancientdiplomacyuseddigitalmessages.D.Ancientdiplomacyhadnoculturalexchange.Whatinventioninthe19thcenturyspeededupdiplomaticcommunication?A.ThetelephoneB.TheinternetC.ThetelegraphD.SocialmediaWhatisachallengeofusingsocialmediaindiplomacy?A.Messagesaretooslowtoreachaudiences.B.Tweetscanbemisinterpretedorcausemisunderstandings.C.Socialmediaisonlyusedbyyoungdiplomats.D.Itrequiresextensivetravelforin-personmeetings.Whatisthecorepurposeofdiplomaticcommunication,accordingtothepassage?A.Tospreadpoliticalpropaganda.B.Towinmilitaryconflicts.C.Toconveymessagesclearlyandbuildtrust.D.Topromotesocialmediausageworldwide.Passage4:GenderandDiplomacyWhilediplomacyhashistoricallybeenmale-dominated,womenareincreasinglyplayingkeyrolesininternationalrelations,bringinguniqueperspectivesandskillstothefield.Thisshiftisnotjustamatterofequalitybutalsoenhancestheeffectivenessofdiplomacyitself.Untilthelate20thcentury,womenwererarelyappointedasambassadorsorforeignministers.In1976,only2%ofU.S.ambassadorswerewomen;by2023,thatnumberhadrisento38%.Similarly,in2022,30%oftheworld’sforeignministerswerewomen,upfromjust9%in2000.Thesechangesreflectgrowingrecognitionofwomen’scontributionstodiplomacy.Researchsuggeststhatwomendiplomatsoftenexcelinareaslikeconflictresolutionandconsensus-building.A2021studybytheGeorgetownInstituteforWomen,Peace,andSecurityfoundthatpeaceagreementsnegotiatedbyteamswithequalnumbersofmenandwomenare35%morelikelytolastatleast15years.Womendiplomatsalsotendtoprioritizeissueslikehumanrights,healthcare,andeducation,whicharecriticalforlong-termstability.However,challengesremain.Womenindiplomacystillfacebarrierssuchasgenderbias,unequalpay,andlimitedrepresentationintopleadershiproles.Forexample,only10%ofpermanentrepresentativestotheUnitedNationsarewomen.Toaddresstheseissues,organizationsliketheWomeninInternationalSecurity(WIIS)providetrainingandmentorshiptosupportwomenindiplomaticcareers.Asmorewomenenterdiplomacy,theirinfluenceisreshapingglobalpolicies.Fromnegotiatingclimateagreementstomediatingconflicts,womenareprovingthatdiverseperspectivesleadtomoreinclusiveandeffectivesolutions.Inaworldfacingcomplexchallenges,genderequalityindiplomacyisnotjustagoal—itisanecessity.Questions35-38Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Womenhavealwaysplayedamajorroleindiplomacy.B.Increasingwomen’sparticipationindiplomacyimprovesitseffectiveness.C.Genderequalityindiplomacyisirrelevanttoglobalissues.D.Womenarenotaseffectiveasmenindiplomaticnegotiations.WhatpercentageofU.S.ambassadorswerewomenin2023?A.2%B.9%C.30%D.38%Accordingtothepassage,peaceagreementsnegotiatedbydiverseteams(equalmenandwomen)are________.A.lesslikelytosucceedB.morelikelytolastlongerC.onlypossibleindevelopedcountriesD.unrelatedtogenderbalanceWhatisachallengefacedbywomenindiplomacytoday?A.Lackofinterestindiplomaticcareers.B.Overrepresentationintopleadershiproles.C.Genderbiasandunequalpay.D.Inabilitytonegotiateeffectively.第四部分語法填空（共10小題，每題1.5分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Diplomacyistheartofcommunicatingbetweennationstoresolveconflicts,promotecooperation,andprotectnationalinterests.Itisacomplexprocessthatrequirespatience,culturalawareness,andstrongcommunicationskills.Intoday’sinterconnectedworld,diplomacy________(become)moreimportantthanever.Globalchallengessuchaspandemics,climatechange,andcyberattacks________(cannotsolve)byonecountryalone.Instead,theydemandcollaborationbetweengovernments,internationalorganizations,andevenprivatecitizens.OneexampleofsuccessfulglobaldiplomacyistheCOVID-19vaccinesharinginitiative.In2021,over100countriesagreedtodonatevaccinestolow-incomenations,________(recognize)thatnooneissafeuntileveryoneissafe.Thiseffort,thoughimperfect,demonstratedhowdiplomacycan________(bridge)gapsbetweenrichandpoorcountries.Diplomatsmustalsoadapttonewtechnologies.SocialmediaplatformslikeTwitterandFacebookallowthemtoengagedirectlywithforeignpublics,________(build)supportforpoliciesandcountermisinformation.However,theymustusethesetoolscarefully,asasinglemistakecandamage________(relation)betweencountries.Anotherkeyaspectofmoderndiplomacyispublicdiplomacy,whichfocuseson________(connect)withordinarypeopleratherthanjustgovernments.Culturalexchangeprograms,internationalstudentexchanges,andsportseventsallserveaschannelsforpublicdiplomacy,helpingtofostermutualunderstandingandtrust.Inconclusion,diplomacyisnotjustaboutformalmeetingsandtreaties.Itisabout________(listen)toothers,findingcommonground,andworkingtogethertobuildabetterworld.Asthesayinggoes,“Diplomacyistheartoflettingsomeoneelse________(have)yourway.”Inaneraofdivision,thisartismorevitalthanever.第五部分書面表達(dá)（共25分）假設(shè)你是李華，你的英國筆友Tom對中國的外交政策感興趣。請你寫一封郵件，向他介紹中國在國際事務(wù)中倡導(dǎo)的“人類命運(yùn)共同體”理念，內(nèi)容包括：該理念的核心含義（如合作共贏、共同發(fā)展）；中國踐行這一理念的具體事例（如“一帶一路”倡議、疫苗援助）；你對青年在促進(jìn)國際合作中的作用的看法。注意：詞數(shù)100-120詞，郵件格式已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearTom,I’mgladyou’reinterestedinChina’sforeignpolicy.Theconceptof“acommunitywithasharedfutureformankind”iscentraltoourapproach.Itemphasizesthatcountriesshouldcooperateformutualbenefitandcommondevelopment,ratherthanpursuingself-interestattheexpenseofothers.AgoodexampleistheBeltandRoadInitiative,whichhasbuiltinfrastructureprojectslikerailwaysandportsinover150countries,boostingeconomicgrowthandcreatingjobs.DuringtheCOVID-19pandemic,Chinaalsodonatedover2.2billionvaccinedosestodevelopingnations,show