高一英語(yǔ)生態(tài)文明教育試題I.MultipleChoice(15points,1pointeach)Directions:ChoosethebestanswerfromA,B,C,orDforeachquestion.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacoreprincipleofecologicalcivilization?A.HarmonybetweenhumansandnatureB.UnsustainableresourceexploitationC.GreendevelopmentD.CirculareconomyWhatdoes"carbonfootprint"referto?A.TheamountofcarbonstoredintreesB.ThetotalgreenhousegasesemittedbyanindividualororganizationC.ThefootprintleftbyhumansinnaturalhabitatsD.ThecarboncontentinfossilfuelsWhichactioncontributestoreducingplasticpollution?A.UsingdisposableplasticbagsB.BuyingbottledwaterinsteadofreusablebottlesC.Participatinginbeachclean-upactivitiesD.ThrowingelectronicwasteintoregulartrashbinsWhatisthemainpurposeoftheParisAgreement?A.TopromoteindustrialdevelopmentindevelopingcountriesB.Tolimitglobaltemperaturerisetowellbelow2°CC.TobanallformsofrenewableenergyD.Toincreasetheuseofnon-recyclablematerialsWhichofthefollowingisarenewableenergysource?A.CoalB.NaturalgasC.SolarpowerD.PetroleumHowdoesdeforestationaffectclimatechange?A.ItreducesthenumberoftreesabsorbingCO?B.ItincreasesoxygenlevelsintheatmosphereC.ItpreventssoilerosionD.ItcoolsdowntheEarth’ssurfaceWhatdoes"sustainabledevelopment"mean?A.MeetingpresentneedswithoutharmingfuturegenerationsB.PrioritizingeconomicgrowthoverenvironmentalprotectionC.UsingresourcesasquicklyaspossibleD.IgnoringtheneedsoflocalcommunitiesWhichanimalismostaffectedbyplasticpollutioninoceans?A.LionsB.PenguinsC.SeaturtlesD.EaglesWhatistheprimarycauseoftheholeintheozonelayer?A.CarbondioxideemissionsB.Chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)C.DeforestationD.OverfishingWhichactivityhelpsconservebiodiversity?A.IntroducinginvasivespeciestonewecosystemsB.DestroyingnaturalhabitatsforagricultureC.EstablishingwildlifereservesD.UsingpesticidesexcessivelyWhatisthefunctionofa"greenroof"?A.TocollectrainwaterfordrinkingB.ToreduceenergyconsumptionbyinsulatingbuildingsC.TogenerateelectricityfromwindD.TostorenuclearwasteWhichcountryisthelargestproducerofsolarenergy?A.UnitedStatesB.ChinaC.GermanyD.IndiaWhatdoes"zerowaste"mean?A.ProducingnowasteatallB.Reducing,reusing,andrecyclingtominimizewasteC.BurningallwastetogenerateenergyD.ExportingwastetoothercountriesWhichgasisthemaincontributortoglobalwarming?A.OxygenB.NitrogenC.CarbondioxideD.HydrogenHowcanstudentsreducetheirecologicalfootprintatschool?A.LeavinglightsoninemptyclassroomsB.UsingpapertowelsinsteadofhanddryersC.CarpoolingtoschoolD.Throwingawayhalf-eatenmealsII.ClozeTest(20points,2pointseach)Directions:Readthefollowingpassageandfillineachblankwiththemostsuitablewordfromthebox.Words:sustainable,emissions,renewable,conservation,endangered,ecosystem,recycling,pollution,biodiversity,climateTheAmazonrainforest,oftencalledthe"lungsoftheEarth,"playsavitalroleinmaintainingglobal________(1).However,deforestationandillegalloggingthreatenthisunique________(2).Eachyear,millionsofacresoftreesarecutdown,releasingmassiveamountsofcarbon________(3)intotheatmosphereandworsening________(4)change.Localcommunitiesandenvironmentalistsareworkingtogethertoprotecttherainforestthrough________(5)efforts.Theypromote________(6)farmingpracticesthatavoidclearinglargeareasofland.Additionally,governmentsareinvestingin________(7)energyprojects,suchashydroelectricdamsandsolarfarms,toreducerelianceonfossilfuels.Individualactionsalsomatter.Simplehabitslike________(8)paperandplastic,usingpublictransportation,andsupportingproductsmadefrom________(9)resourcescanmakeadifference.ByprotectingtheAmazon,wenotonlysave________(10)specieslikethejaguarandbluemacawbutalsoensureahealthierplanetforfuturegenerations.III.ReadingComprehension(30points,3pointseach)Directions:Readthefollowingpassagesandanswerthequestions.Passage1:TheStoryofaPlasticBottleAplasticbottlebeginsitsjourneyascrudeoil,extractedfromdeepunderground.Afterrefining,theoilbecomesplasticpellets,whicharemeltedandshapedintobottles.Filledwithwater,thebottleisshippedtostores,whereaconsumerbuysitanddrinksthewater.Mostpeoplethenthrowthebottleaway,whereitmayendupinalandfillortheocean.Plasticbottlestakeover450yearstodecompose.Inoceans,theybreakdownintomicroplastics,whichareeatenbyfishandothermarinelife,enteringthefoodchain.Everyyear,8millionmetrictonsofplasticenterouroceans,harmingecosystemsandwildlife.However,thereishope.Manycountrieshavebannedsingle-useplastics,andcompaniesaredevelopingbiodegradablealternatives.Individualscanreduceplasticwastebyusingreusablebottles,recyclingproperly,andsupportingeco-friendlybrands.Questions:Whatisthefirststepinthelifecycleofaplasticbottle?Howlongdoesittakeforaplasticbottletodecompose?Whataremicroplastics,andhowdotheyaffectmarinelife?Nametwowaystoreduceplasticwastementionedinthepassage.Passage2:RenewableEnergy:PoweringtheFutureRenewableenergycomesfromsourcesthatarenaturallyreplenished,suchassunlight,wind,andwater.Unlikefossilfuels(coal,oil,gas),thesesourcesdonotproducegreenhousegasesorpollution.Solarenergyisoneofthefastest-growingrenewablesources.Solarpanelsconvertsunlightintoelectricity,whichcanpowerhomesandbusinesses.Windturbines,oftenseeninwindfarms,generateelectricitybyharnessingthewind’skineticenergy.Hydropowerusestheenergyofflowingwatertoturnturbines,producingcleanenergy.Despitetheirbenefits,renewableenergyfaceschallenges.Solarpanelsandwindturbinescanbeexpensivetoinstall,andtheirefficiencydependsonweatherconditions.However,technologicaladvancementsaremakingthemmoreaffordableandreliable.By2050,expertspredictthatrenewableenergycouldpower80%oftheworld’selectricity.Questions:5.Whatisrenewableenergy?6.Namethreetypesofrenewableenergymentionedinthepassage.7.Howdosolarpanelswork?8.Whatisachallengefacedbyrenewableenergy?Passage3:YouthandClimateActionYoungpeoplearoundtheworldareleadingthefightagainstclimatechange.GretaThunberg,aSwedishactivist,startedthe"SchoolStrikeforClimate"movementin2018,inspiringmillionsofstudentstoprotestgovernmentinaction.InKenya,16-year-oldLicypriyaKangujamfoundedtheChildMovement,advocatingforclimateeducationandpolicychanges.Youth-ledorganizationslikeFridaysforFutureandSunriseMovementarepushingforstricterenvironmentallaws,suchascarbontaxesandbansonfossilfuelextraction.Theseactivistsusesocialmediatoraiseawareness,organizeprotests,andpressureworldleaderstotakeaction.Expertssayyouthinvolvementiscrucialbecauseyoungpeoplewilllivewiththelong-termconsequencesofclimatechange.Theirenergy,creativity,anddeterminationaredrivingglobaleffortstobuildasustainablefuture.Questions:9.Whostartedthe"SchoolStrikeforClimate"movement?10.Whatisthegoalofyouth-ledorganizationslikeFridaysforFuture?IV.ShortAnswerQuestions(20points,5pointseach)Directions:Answereachquestionin3-5sentences.Explainthedifferencebetweenbiodegradableandnon-biodegradablematerials.Giveoneexampleofeach.Howdoesdeforestationaffectlocalcommunitiesthatdependonforestsfortheirlivelihoods?Whatarethreewaysschoolscanpromote生態(tài)文明(ecologicalcivilization)amongstudents?Whyisitimportantforcountriestoworktogethertoaddressclimatechange?V.EssayWriting(15points)Directions:Writeanessayof150-200wordsonthetopic:"MyRoleinProtectingtheEnvironment".Includespecificexamplesofactionsyoucantakeindailylife.VI.Translation(20points,4pointseach)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.我們應(yīng)該節(jié)約水電，減少浪費(fèi)。植樹(shù)造林有助于防止水土流失。垃圾分類是保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要措施。全球變暖導(dǎo)致極端天氣事件增加。年輕人應(yīng)該積極參與環(huán)保志愿活動(dòng)。VII.ErrorCorrection(10points,2pointseach)Directions:Eachsentencecontainsoneerror.Identifyandcorrectit.Weshouldstopuseplasticbagstoprotecttheenvironment.Thegovernmentistakingmeasuretoreduceairpollution.Renewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindiscleanandsustainable.Manyspeciesareindangerbecausehabitatloss.Ipromisetorecyclemoreandwastelessinthefuture.VIII.VocabularyMatching(10points,1pointeach)Directions:MatchthewordsinColumnAwiththeirdefinitionsinColumnB.ColumnAEcosystemConservationEmissionsBiodiversitySustainablePollutionRenewableEndangeredRecyclingClimateColumnBA.ThevarietyofplantandanimallifeinahabitatB.TheprocessofturningwastematerialsintonewproductsC.TheweatherconditionsinanareaoveralongperiodD.AcommunityoflivingorganismsandtheirenvironmentE.TheprotectionofnaturalresourcesfromharmorwasteF.Substancesreleasedintotheair,especiallyharmfulonesG.CausinglittleornoharmtotheenvironmentandabletocontinueforalongtimeH.HarmfulsubstancesthatcontaminatetheenvironmentI.AtriskofbecomingextinctJ.AbletobereplacednaturallyorartificiallyinashorttimeIX.TrueorFalse(10points,1pointeach)Directions:Write"T"(True)or"F"(False)foreachstatement.Nuclearenergyisarenewableenergysource.DeforestationincreasestheEarth’soxygenlevels.Compostingisawaytorecycleorganicwaste.Electriccarsproducemoreemissionsthangasolinecars.TheozonelayerprotectstheEarthfromharmfulUVradiation.Overfishingcanleadtothecollapseofmarineecosystems.Usingpublictransportationreducesindividualcarbonfootprints.Alltypesofplasticcanberecycled.Climatechangeonlyaffectspolarregions.Plantingtreeshelpsabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.X.CaseStudyAnalysis(20points)Directions:Readthecasestudyandanswerthequestions.CaseStudy:In2019,thecityofCopenhagen,Denmark,announcedplanstobecomecarbon-neutralby2025.Toachievethis,thecityisinvestinginwindenergy,expandingbikelanes,andpromotinggreenbuildings.Residentsareencouragedtousepublictransportation,recycle,andreducemeatconsumption.Questions:WhatisCopenhagen’sgoal,andbywhendoesitaimtoachieveit?NametwostrategiesCopenhagenisusingtoreducecarbonemissions.HowcanothercitieslearnfromCopenhagen’sexample?XI.SpeakingTask(OralAssessment,10points)Directions:Preparea1-minutespeechonthetopic:"WhyWeNeedtoProtectEndangeredSpecies".Focusononeendangeredanimalandexplainwhyitisimportanttosaveit.XII.ListeningComprehension(20points,2pointseach)Directions:Listentotherecording(teacherreadsaloud)andanswerthequestions.Script:"Rainforestscoveronly6%oftheEarth’ssurface,buttheyarehometomorethanhalfoftheworld’splantandanimalspecies.Theyalsoabsorblargeamountsofcarbondioxide,helpingtoslowclimatechange.However,rainforestsarebeingdestroyedatarateof17millionhectaresperyear,mainlyduetologging,agriculture,andmining.Toprotectrainforests,wecansupportsustainableproducts,donatetoconservationorganizations,andspreadawarenessabouttheirimportance."Questions:WhatpercentageoftheEarth’ssurfacedorainforestscover?Howmanyplantandanimalspeciesliveinrainforests?