高一上學(xué)期信仰革命與英語(yǔ)再思考試題一、閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATheProtestantReformationwasareligiousmovementthatbeganinthe16thcentury.ItwasledbyMartinLuther,aGermanmonk.ThemovementchallengedtheauthorityoftheRomanCatholicChurch.Lutherbelievedthatpeoplecouldfindsalvationthroughfaithalone,notthroughgoodworksortheChurch'ssacraments.Thisideawasrevolutionaryatthetime.TheReformationhadaprofoundimpactonEuropeansociety.ItledtotheformationofnewChristiandenominations,suchasLutheranismandCalvinism.Italsocontributedtotheriseofindividualismandthedevelopmentofmoderndemocracy.Themovement'semphasisonreadingtheBibleinone'sownlanguagehelpedtospreadliteracyandeducation.WhatwasthemainideaofMartinLuther'steaching?A.SalvationthroughgoodworksB.SalvationthroughfaithaloneC.TheauthorityofthePopeD.TheimportanceofsacramentsWhichofthefollowingwasaresultoftheReformation?A.TheCatholicChurchbecamemorepowerfulB.NewChristiandenominationswereformedC.LiteracyratesdecreasedD.DemocracydeclinedinEuropeBTheScientificRevolutionofthe16thand17thcenturiesmarkedamajorshiftinhumanthinking.Duringthisperiod,scientistsbegantochallengetraditionalbeliefsaboutthenaturalworld.Theyusedobservationandexperimentationtodevelopnewtheories.NicolausCopernicusproposedthatthesun,nottheEarth,wasthecenterofthesolarsystem.ThisheliocentrictheorycontradictedthegeocentricmodelsupportedbytheCatholicChurch.Later,GalileoGalileiusedatelescopetogatherevidencesupportingCopernicus'sideas.HisworkledtoconflictwiththeChurchauthorities.IsaacNewtonwasanotherkeyfigureoftheScientificRevolution.Hedevelopedthelawsofmotionanduniversalgravitation,whichexplainedthemovementofcelestialbodies.Newton'sworklaidthefoundationformodernphysics.Whatwastheheliocentrictheory?A.TheEarthisthecenteroftheuniverseB.ThesunisthecenterofthesolarsystemC.ThemoonorbitsthesunD.StarsarestationaryHowdidGalileocontributetotheScientificRevolution?A.HeproposedthegeocentricmodelB.HedevelopedthelawsofmotionC.HeusedatelescopetosupportCopernicus'sideasD.HeinventedtheprintingpressCTheEnlightenmentwasanintellectualmovementthatemergedinEuropeduringthe17thand18thcenturies.Itemphasizedreason,science,andindividualism.Enlightenmentthinkerschallengedtraditionalauthority,includingtheChurchandabsolutemonarchies.JohnLockearguedthatpeoplehavenaturalrightstolife,liberty,andproperty.Hebelievedthatgovernmentsshouldprotecttheserightsandthatiftheyfailtodoso,thepeoplehavetherighttorevolt.TheseideasinfluencedtheAmericanandFrenchRevolutions.Voltairewasastrongadvocateoffreedomofspeechandreligion.HecriticizedtheCatholicChurchandsupportedreligioustolerance.Jean-JacquesRousseauwroteaboutthesocialcontract,suggestingthatlegitimatepoliticalauthoritycomesfromasocialcontractagreeduponbycitizens.WhichofthefollowingwasakeyideaoftheEnlightenment?A.TraditionshouldbeunquestionedB.ReasonistheprimarysourceofknowledgeC.TheChurchshouldcontroleducationD.AbsolutemonarchyisthebestformofgovernmentWhatdidJohnLockebelieveaboutnaturalrights?A.TheyaregrantedbythegovernmentB.Theyincludelife,liberty,andpropertyC.OnlycertainpeoplehavethemD.TheycanbetakenawaybytheChurch第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TheIndustrialRevolutionbeganinBritaininthelate18thcentury.Itwasaperiodofmajorindustrialization.7.Newmachinesandtechnologiestransformedmanufacturing,agriculture,andtransportation.OneofthekeyinventionsoftheIndustrialRevolutionwasthesteamengine,developedbyJamesWatt.8.Steampowerwasusedtooperatefactories,trains,andsteamships.Thisledtothegrowthoffactoriesandtheriseofurbanization.9.Peoplemovedfromruralareastocitiestoworkinfactories.Thisledtoovercrowdingandpoorlivingconditionsinmanyurbanareas.However,theIndustrialRevolutionalsoledtoincreasedproductivityandeconomicgrowth.TheIndustrialRevolutionhadaglobalimpact.10.Italsocontributedtotheriseofcapitalismandthedevelopmentofmoderneconomicsystems.Today,wecontinuetoexperiencetheeffectsofthisperiodofrapidchange.A.ItrevolutionizedtransportationandmanufacturingB.TheIndustrialRevolutionhadnoimpactonagricultureC.ItbeganwiththeinventionoftheprintingpressD.ItspreadtoothercountriesinEuropeandNorthAmericaE.FactoriesbecamethemaincentersofproductionF.ManypeoplelosttheirjobsduetonewmachinesG.Urbanizationwasasignificantconsequenceofindustrialization二、完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。TheFrenchRevolutionbeganin1789withthestormingoftheBastille.ItwasaperiodofradicalsocialandpoliticalchangeinFrance.Therevolutionwascausedbyacombinationoffactors,includingeconomiccrisis,socialinequality,and11withthemonarchy.Beforetherevolution,Frenchsocietywasdividedintothreeestates.Thefirstestatewastheclergy,andthesecondwasthenobility.Thesetwoestatesownedmostofthelandandenjoyedmanyprivileges.Thethirdestateincludedeveryoneelse,fromwealthymerchantstopoorpeasants.Despitemakingupthemajorityofthepopulation,thethirdestatehadlittle12power.In1789,KingLouisXVIcalledameetingoftheEstates-GeneraltoaddressFrance'sfinancialproblems.Thethirdestate,frustratedwiththeirlackofrepresentation,declaredthemselvestheNationalAssembly.TheypledgedtocreateaconstitutionforFranceinwhatbecameknownastheTennisCourtOath.Therevolutiontookaradicalturnin1792whenFrancebecamearepublic.KingLouisXVIwasexecutedthefollowingyear.TheperiodknownastheReignofTerrorfollowed,duringwhichthousandsofpeoplewereexecutedbyguillotine.MaximilienRobespierre,aleaderoftheradicalJacobins,waseventuallyexecutedhimselfin1794.TheFrenchRevolutionhadaprofoundimpactonFranceandtheworld.ItendedfeudalisminFranceandestablished13principlessuchasliberty,equality,andfraternity.Therevolutionalsoinspiredotherrevolutionarymovementsaroundtheglobe,includingtheHaitianRevolutionandtheLatinAmericanindependencemovements.Today,thelegacyoftheFrenchRevolutioncanbeseeninmoderndemocraticsystemsandtheconceptofhumanrights.Therevolution'sidealscontinuetoinspirepeoplefightingforfreedomandequalityaroundtheworld.A.satisfactionB.dissatisfactionC.contentmentD.happinessA.politicalB.economicC.socialD.culturalA.traditionalB.revolutionaryC.conservativeD.religiousA.WhatwasthemaincauseoftheFrenchRevolution?A.ReligiousconflictB.EconomiccrisisandsocialinequalityC.AdesireforamonarchyD.ForeigninvasionWhatwastheTennisCourtOath?A.ApledgetocreateaconstitutionB.AnagreementtoexecutethekingC.ApromisetoendtherevolutionD.Avowtosupportthemonarchy三、語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheAmericanRevolutionwasapivotaleventinworldhistory.Itbeganin1775andendedwiththeTreatyofParisin1783.TherevolutionwasfoughtbetweenGreatBritainanditsthirteenNorthAmericancolonies,whichdeclared16(they)independencein1776withthesigningoftheDeclarationofIndependence.OneofthemaincausesoftheAmericanRevolutionwas17(tax)withoutrepresentation.TheBritishgovernmenthadimposedseveraltaxesonthecolonies,includingtheStampActandtheTeaAct,tohelppayfortheFrenchandIndianWar.Thecolonistsarguedthattheyshouldnotbetaxedbyagovernmentinwhichtheyhadnorepresentatives.ThefirstshotsoftherevolutionwerefiredinLexingtonandConcord,Massachusetts,inApril1775.TheContinentalArmy,ledbyGeorgeWashington,foughtagainsttheBritishforces.Theturningpointofthewarcamein1777withtheAmericanvictoryattheBattleofSaratoga,whichconvincedFrancetoallywiththeUnitedStates.TheTreatyofParis,signedin1783,recognizedtheindependenceoftheUnitedStates.ThenewnationestablishedafederalsystemofgovernmentwithaconstitutionthatincludedaBillofRightstoprotectindividualfreedoms.TheAmericanRevolutioninspiredotherrevolutionsaroundtheworldandestablishedanewmodelofdemocraticgovernment.Today,theFourthofJuly,orIndependenceDay,iscelebratedintheUnitedStatestocommemoratethesigningoftheDeclarationofIndependence.TheAmericanRevolutionremainsasymboloffreedomanddemocracyaroundtheworld.四、短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。TheRussianRevolutionof1917wasaseriesofpoliticaleventsinRussiathatledtotheriseoftheSovietUnion.TherevolutionbeganwiththeFebruaryRevolution,whichoverthrewTsarNicholasIIandestablishedaprovisionalgovernment.Later,theOctoberRevolutionbroughttheBolshevikstopower,ledbyVladimirLenin.OneofthemaincausesoftheRussianRevolutionwaseconomichardship.RussiahadsufferedheavylossesinWorldWarI,andtheeconomywasinruins.Workersandpeasantswereangryabouthighpricesandfoodshortages.TheyalsoresentedtheprivilegesofthenobilityandtheChurch.Theprovisionalgovernmentfailedtoaddresstheconcernsofthepeople.ItcontinuedRussia'sinvolvementinWorldWarIandwasunabletosolvethecountry'seconomicproblems.InOctober1917,theBolsheviksseizedpowerinacoupd'état.Theypromisedpeace,land,andbreadtotheRussianpeople.Aftercomingtopower,theBolsheviksestablishedacommunistgovernment.Theynationalizedindustryandredistributedlandtopeasants.ThenewgovernmentalsowithdrewRussiafromWorldWarIbysigningtheTreatyofBrest-LitovskwithGermany.TheRussianRevolutionhadaprofoundimpactonthe20thcentury.ItledtothecreationoftheSovietUnion,theworld'sfirstcommuniststate.TherevolutioninspiredcommunistmovementsaroundtheworldandcontributedtotheColdWarbetweentheSovietUnionandtheUnitedStates.Today,thelegacyoftheRussianRevolutionisstilldebated.Someseeitasatriumphoftheworkingclass,whileothersviewitasthebeginningofarepressiveregimeunderJosephStalin.Regardlessofthesedifferingperspectives,thereisnodenyingtherevolution'ssignificantimpactonworldhistory.五、書(shū)面表達(dá)（滿分25分）請(qǐng)以"TheImpactofRevolutionaryIdeasonModernSociety"為題，寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文，闡述革命思想對(duì)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的影響。內(nèi)容包括：介紹歷史上重要的革命思想（如宗教改革、啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)等）分析這些思想如何影響現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化談?wù)勀銓?duì)革命思想在當(dāng)今世界重要性的看法注意：詞數(shù)100左右；可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；開(kāi)頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。TheImpactofRevolutionaryIdeasonModernSocietyThroughouthistory,revolutionaryideashaveshapedtheworldweliveintoday.六、閱讀理解（選做部分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。DTheCivilRightsMovementintheUnitedStateswasastruggleforsocialjusticethattookplacemainlyduringthe1950sand1960s.ThemovementaimedtoendracialsegregationanddiscriminationagainstAfricanAmericansandtosecurelegalrecognitionandfederalprotectionoftheirrightsascitizens.OneofthekeyeventsoftheCivilRightsMovementwastheMontgomeryBusBoycott,whichbeganin1955afterRosaParksrefusedtogiveupherseattoawhitepassenger.TheboycottlastedforoverayearandledtothedesegregationofpublicbusesinMontgomery,Alabama.MartinLutherKingJr.,aBaptistminister,emergedasaleaderoftheCivilRightsMovement.Headvocatedfornonviolentresistance,inspiredbytheteachingsofMahatmaGandhi.Kingdeliveredhisfamous"IHaveaDream"speechin1963duringtheMarchonWashingtonforJobsandFreedom,inwhichhecalledforanendtoracismintheUnitedStates.TheCivilRightsActof1964andtheVotingRightsActof1965weremajorlegislativeachievementsofthemovement.TheCivilRightsActprohibiteddiscriminationbasedonrace,color,religion,sex,ornationalorigin.TheVotingRightsActaimedtoovercomelegalbarriersthatpreventedAfricanAmericansfromexercisingtheirrighttovoteunderthe15thAmendmenttotheU.S.Constitution.TheCivilRightsMovementhadaprofoundimpactonAmericansociety.ItledtotheendoflegalsegregationandopenedupnewopportunitiesforAfricanAmericansandotherminoritygroups.Themovementalsoinspiredothersocialjusticemovements,suchasthewomen'srightsmovementandtheLGBTQ+rightsmovement.Today,thelegacyoftheCivilRightsMovementcanbeseenintheongoingstruggleforracialequalityintheUnitedStates.Whilesignificantprogresshasbeenmade,issuessuchassystemicracismandinequalitycontinuetochallengeAmericansociety.WhatwasthemaingoaloftheCivilRightsMovement?A.ToendracialsegregationanddiscriminationB.ToestablishanewpoliticalpartyC.TopromoteeconomicgrowthD.ToreformtheeducationsystemWhowasMartinLutherKingJr.?A.ApoliticalleaderwhoadvocatedforviolenceB.ABaptistministerandleaderoftheCivilRightsMovementC.ThepresidentoftheUnitedStatesduringthe1960sD.ASupremeCourtjusticewhoruledoncivilrightscasesWhatwasthesignificanceofthe"IHaveaDream"speech?A.ItledtotheimmediateendofsegregationB.ItinspiredtheCivilRightsActof1964C.ItcalledforanendtoracismintheUnitedStatesD.ItestablishedMartinLutherKingJr.aspresidentWhatdidtheVotingRightsAct