閱讀理解綜合訓練（1）（考試時間：50分鐘試卷滿分：75分）甲閱讀理解（共15小題，每小題2.5分，共37.5分）用時：25分鐘語篇體裁詞數(shù)話題命題亮點錯題統(tǒng)計錯誤原因總結A應用文270可再生能源的類型與25全國I應用文相似B記敘文337對紙質書的深厚情感與偏愛倡導讀書C說明文314夜貓子可能更聰明考查思辨D科普說明文384處理微塑料垃圾與25年全國ID篇異曲同工AACLEAN,GREENENERGYFUTURENowadays,manycountriesaremakingtheimportantchangefromfossilfuelstoclean,greenandrenewablesourcesofenergy.Fossilfuelsproduceemissions,butrenewableenergysourcescauselimiteddamagetotheenvironment.Herearethemaintypesofrenewableenergy,withfactsandexamplesfromaroundtheworld.SolarSolarpanelsturnheatfromthesun’sraysintoelectricity,andsolarheatersusethatenergytoheatwaterdirectly.Germanyhasthehighestsolarcapacityintheworld,butChinaistheworld’slargestmarketandthelargestproducerofsolartechnology.HydropowerThepowerofwaterturnsturbineswhichproduceelectricity.Sinceancienttimes,watermillshavebeenusedalot.MostoftherenewableenergyinChinacomesfromhydropowerplants,suchastheThreeGorgesDam,theworld’slargestpowerstation.GeothermalThishasbeenanaturalsourceofenergyforthousandsofyears.Today,heatfrombelowtheearth’ssurfaceheatswaterintosteamthatturnsturbinestogenerateelectricity.TheUSAhasthelargestcapacity,withover80%generatedinCalifornia.TheYangbajingPowerPlantisthelargestgeothermalplantinChina.WindTallturbinesareturnedbythewindtoproduceelectricity.Wind“farms”arebuiltonland,oroffshore,totakeadvantageofmorefrequentandpowerfulwindsatsea.Theworld’slargestwindfarmistheLondonArray.Ithas175windturbinesandis20kmoffthecoastofEngland.ResearchersthinkChinacouldmeetallherelectricitydemandsfromwindby2030.WindfarmsinprovincessuchasGansuhaveanendlesswindsupply.1.Whichcountryisthetopinsolarcapacityworldwideaccordingtothepassage?A.China. B.Germany. C.TheUSA. D.England.2.WhichtypeofenergyinChinawillplaythegreatestroleinthefutureaccordingtothepassage?A.Solar. B.Hydropower. C.Wind. D.Geothermal.3.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercouldthepassagebefound?A.Business. B.Science. C.Culture. D.Travel.【解析】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了可再生能源的類型，包括太陽能、水力發(fā)電、地熱能和風能，以及它們在世界范圍內(nèi)的應用。1.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Solar部分的“Germanyhasthehighestsolarcapacityintheworld,butChinaistheworld’slargestmarketandthelargestproducerofsolartechnology.(德國擁有世界上最高的太陽能產(chǎn)能，但中國是世界上最大的市場和最大的太陽能技術生產(chǎn)國)”可知，德國是世界上太陽能發(fā)電量最多的國家。故選B。2.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ResearchersthinkChinacouldmeetallherelectricitydemandsfromwindby2030.(研究人員認為，到2030年，中國可以通過風能滿足所有的電力需求。)”可知，在中國，風能將在未來發(fā)揮最大的作用。故選C。3.B推理判斷題。文章主要介紹了可再生能源的類型，包括太陽能、水力發(fā)電、地熱能和風能，以及它們在世界范圍內(nèi)的應用。這些內(nèi)容屬于科學和技術領域的范疇，因此這篇文章最有可能出現(xiàn)在報紙的“科學”專欄中。故選B。BMyhusband,Haywood,reachedretirementageafter37yearsofteachingthissummer.IamexcitedtohavemoretimewiththepersonIlikebestintheworld.Theonlydownsidewashisstuff.Whatdoeshedowithallthebooks?Haywoodbroughthome,allthebooks,toahousealreadypiledupwiththebookspasseddownfromourparentsaftertheypassedaway.Everybookshelfinthehouse—andtherearealotofbookshelvesinthishouse—wasalreadystuffedbeyondmoving.Peoplehavebeenarguingthatprintisdead,orabouttobedead.Itisnotdeadinthishouse.Wewriteinbooks.Wefoldpagesandunderlinepassagesanddrawlittlestarsattheedgesofthepages.Beforetheobjectionsbegin,letmesaythatIam100percentinfavorofeverykindofreadingthereis:e-books,audiobooks,Braillebooks,graphicbooks,younameit.Nevertheless.IwillalwayspreferabookIcanholdinmyhand,thekindthatsmellsofpaperandglue.Thematerialfeelofitpleasesme.Forme,abookmadeofpaperwillalwaysbeabeautifulobjectthatwarmsaroomevenasitexpands(orentertains,orchallenges,orinforms,orcomforts)amind,andabookcasewillalwaysrepresenttimeitself.Iwalkpastoneofourbookcases,andIcantellyouexactlywhyaparticularbookisstillthere,neverremovedasspacegrewlimited.WhenIrereadabookfrommyownshelves,Imeetmyownyoungerself.IamwhatIhavereadfarmoresurelythanIamwhatIhaveeaten.Bylookingatourbookshelves,Icantellyouwhomyhusbandwas,too.OurbooksensurethatIamstillsurroundedbyalltheselvesIhaveeverbeen,andalltheselvesmyhusbandhasbeen.Ipreferthemessyshelves,thefoldedpages,thenoteswritteninafamiliarhand.4.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheHaywoodfamily?A.Theypushreadingbroadly. B.Theyshowofftheirbooks,C.Theyshouldlimittheirbooks. D.Theyhaveareadingtradition.5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardse-books?A.Supportive. B.Grateful. C.Passionate. D.Curious.6.Whycanpaperbookswarmaroomaccordingtotheauthor?A.Theycalmpeople’smind. B.Theyholdemotionalmemories.C.Theydecoratetheroomwell. D.Theyimprovethefamilyrelation.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MyBooks,MyMoods B.MyBookshelf,MyselfC.MyTietoMyHusband D.MyPreferencetoPrintBooks【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。本文講述了作者對紙質書的深厚情感與偏愛。作者丈夫退休后，家中書籍堆積如山，但這并未讓作者感到困擾，反而讓她倍感親切。書架上的書籍見證了作者和丈夫的歷程，是時間的見證者。因此，作者堅稱紙質書在她心中有著不可替代的地位。4.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Haywoodbroughthome,allthebooks,toahousealreadypiledupwiththebookspasseddownfromourparentsaftertheypassedaway.Everybookshelfinthehouse—andtherearealotofbookshelvesinthishouse—wasalreadystuffedbeyondmoving.(海伍德把所有的書都帶回家，我們的家里已經(jīng)堆滿了父母去世后留下的書。房子里的每個書架——這個房子里有很多書架——都已經(jīng)塞得無法移動了)”可知，海伍德家族有閱讀的傳統(tǒng)。故選D。5.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“Beforetheobjectionsbegin,letmesaythatIam100percentinfavorofeverykindofreadingthereis:e-books,audiobooks,Braillebooks,graphicbooks,younameit.(在反對開始之前，我想說，我百分之百地支持所有的閱讀方式：電子書、有聲書、盲文書、圖文書，應有盡有)”可知，作者對電子書的態(tài)度是支持。故選A。6.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段中的“Forme,abookmadeofpaperwillalwaysbeabeautifulobjectthatwarmsaroomevenasitexpands(orentertains,orchallenges,orinforms,orcomforts)amind,andabookcasewillalwaysrepresenttimeitself.Iwalkpastoneofourbookcases,andIcantellyouexactlywhyaparticularbookisstillthere,neverremovedasspacegrewlimited.(對我來說，一本紙做的書永遠是一件美麗的東西，它溫暖了一個房間，即使它擴展了（或娛樂，或挑戰(zhàn)，或告知，或安慰）一個心靈，書柜永遠代表著時間本身。當我走過我們的一個書柜時，我可以確切地告訴你為什么某本書還在那里，因為空間變得有限而從未移走)”可知，紙書可以溫暖房間是因為它們擁有情感記憶。故選B。7.B主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“OurbooksensurethatIamstillsurroundedbyalltheselvesIhaveeverbeen,andalltheselvesmyhusbandhasbeen.Ipreferthemessyshelves,thefoldedpages,thenoteswritteninafamiliarhand.(我們的書確保我仍然被我曾經(jīng)的自己和我丈夫曾經(jīng)的自己所包圍。我更喜歡凌亂的書架，折疊的書頁，用熟悉的筆跡寫的筆記)”以及本文講述了作者對紙質書的深厚情感與偏愛。作者丈夫退休后，家中書籍堆積如山，但這并未讓作者感到困擾，反而讓她倍感親切，書架上的書籍見證了作者和丈夫的歷程，是時間的見證者，因此，作者堅稱紙質書在她心中有著不可替代的地位，可知，B選項“我的書架和我自己”最符合文章標題。故選B。CTheideathatnightowlswhodon’tgotobeduntiltheearlyhoursstruggletogetanythingdoneduringthedaymayhavetoberevised.Itturnsoutthatstayinguplatecouldbegoodforourbrainpowerasresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhoidentifyasnightowlscouldbesharperthanthosewhogotobedearly.ResearchersledbyacademicsatImperialCollegeLondonstudieddatafromtheUKBiobankstudyonmorethan26,000peoplewhohadcompletedintelligence,reasoning,reactiontimeandmemorytests.Theythenexaminedhowparticipants’sleepduration,quality,andchronotypeaffectedbrainperformance.Theyfoundthatthosewhostayuplateandthoseclassedas“intermediate”had“superiorcognitivefunction”,whilemorninglarkshadthelowestscores.Goingtobedlateisstronglyassociatedwithcreativetypes.Artists,authorsandmusiciansknowntobenightowlsincludeJamesJoyceandLadyGaga.ButwhilepoliticianslikeBarackObamafamouslyseemedtothriveonlittlesleep,thestudyfoundthatsleepdurationisimportantforbrainfunction,withthosegettingbetweensevenandninehoursofshut-eyeeachnightperformingbestincognitivetests.ProfDaqingMa,theco-leaderofthestudy,added,“Wefoundthatsleepdurationhasadirecteffectonbrainfunction,andwebelievethatactivelymanagingsleeppatternsisreallyimportantforboostingandsafeguardingthewayourbrainswork.We’dideallyliketoseepolicyinterventionstohelpsleeppatternsimproveinthegeneralpopulation.”Someexperts,however,urgedcautionininterpretingthefindings.JessicaChelekis,asleepexpertatBrunelUniversityLondon,saidtherewere“importantlimitations”tothestudyastheresearchdidnotaccountforeducationattainment,orincludethetimeofdaythecognitivetestswereconductedintheresults.Themainvalueofthestudywaschallengingstereotypesaroundsleep,sheadded.8.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthenewresearch?A.Itadvocatesanewtrendofsleeppatterns. B.Itrevealsmostnightowlshavesharpbrains.C.Itsuggestsstayingupenhancesbrainpower. D.Itchallengescommonbeliefaboutnightowls.9.WhyareJamesJoyceandLadyGagamentionedinparagraph2?A.Toprovideexamplesofintermediatepeople.B.Tosuggestmostsuccessfulartistsarenightowls.C.Toproveartistshavesuperiorcognitivefunction.D.Toshowthelinkbetweenlatehoursandcreativity.10.WhichstatementwillProfDaqingMaprobablyagreewith?A.Allsleeplengthsequallyimprovebrainfunction.B.Parentsshouldn’tintervenechildren’ssleeppattern.C.Schoolsshouldstartlatertofitteens’bodyclocks.D.Sleepdurationismoreimportantthansleepquality.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewstudy?A.Objective. B.Skeptical C.Appreciative D.Critical【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了夜貓子可能更聰明，挑戰(zhàn)了傳統(tǒng)觀念。8.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Theideathatnightowlswhodon’tgotobeduntiltheearlyhoursstruggletogetanythingdoneduringthedaymayhavetoberevised.Itturnsoutthatstayinguplatecouldbegoodforourbrainpowerasresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhoidentifyasnightowlscouldbesharperthanthosewhogotobedearly.(直到凌晨才上床睡覺的夜貓子在白天難以完成任何事情的觀點可能需要修正。事實證明，熬夜可能對我們的腦力有好處，因為研究表明，自稱夜貓子的人可能比早睡的人更敏銳。)”可知，新研究表明熬夜可能會增強腦力，這與人們通常認為夜貓子白天效率低的觀點相悖，即挑戰(zhàn)了關于夜貓子的普遍看法。故選D。9.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Goingtobedlateisstronglyassociatedwithcreativetypes.Artists,authorsandmusiciansknowntobenightowlsincludeJamesJoyceandLadyGaga.(晚睡與有創(chuàng)造力的人密切相關。已知的夜貓子藝術家、作家和音樂家包括JamesJoyce和LadyGaga。)”可知，本段提到JamesJoyce和LadyGaga是為了說明熬夜與創(chuàng)造力之間的聯(lián)系。故選D。10.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Wefoundthatsleepdurationhasadirecteffectonbrainfunction,andwebelievethatactivelymanagingsleeppatternsisreallyimportantforboostingandsafeguardingthewayourbrainswork.We’dideallyliketoseepolicyinterventionstohelpsleeppatternsimproveinthegeneralpopulation.(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)睡眠時間對大腦功能有直接影響，我們認為積極管理睡眠模式對于增強和保護我們大腦的工作方式非常重要。我們理想地希望看到政策干預，以幫助改善普通人群的睡眠模式。)”可知，馬教授認為睡眠時間對大腦功能有直接影響，積極管理睡眠模式很重要，并且希望看到政策干預來改善普通人群的睡眠模式，由此可推知，他可能會同意學校應該推遲上課時間以適應青少年的生物鐘這一觀點，因為這有助于改善青少年的睡眠模式。故選C。11.A推理判斷題。通讀全文，作者首先介紹了新研究的內(nèi)容和發(fā)現(xiàn)，然后引用了研究人員的觀點，接著又提到了其他專家對研究結果的謹慎態(tài)度，并指出了研究的局限性。由此推知，作者對這一研究持客觀態(tài)度。故選A。DTinybitsofplastic,calledmicroplastics,pollutetheairandourfood.Plasticbitshavebeenfoundeverywherefromourbodiestoadolphin’sbreath.That’swhyscientistskeeplookingforwaystohandlethem.Now,they’vediscoveredanewstrategy.Bacteria(細菌)commoninwastewatercanbreakdownatypeofplastic—PET.ThatfindingcouldinformnewwaystocleanupPETpollution.ScientistshavelongknownComamonas,akindofmicrobe(微生物),growonplasticsinwater.ThatgotLudmillaAristilde,abiochemist,wonderingifthemicrobesusePETasfood.PETistheworld’smostwidelyusedplastic.Some56milliontonsofitismadeeachyear—mostlyforpolyesterclothing,waterandsodabottles,andthepackagingofmanystore-boughtgoods.ThatleadstoalotofPETpollution.TinypiecesofPETcomeoutofpolyesterclotheswhenthey’rewashed—andflowthroughwatertreatmentplantsintowaterways.BitsofPETalsogetintowaterwaysasplasticbottlesandotherPETpackagingbreakdownintheenvironment.Inpastwork,AristildediscoveredthatonestrainofComamonascouldbreakdownringsofcarbonatomsinlaundrydetergent(洗滌劑).Thosecarbonrings,shenotes,weresimilartotheonesfoundinplastics.HerewasacluethatthemicrobesmaybeabletobreakdownPETaswell.Aristilde’steamgrewComamonasinthelabrecently.Thentheyplacedthemicrobesinaliquid-filledcontainerforamonthwithtinybitsofPET.Afterward,theylookedatthesurfaceoftheplasticwithaspecialscanningmicroscope,whichcancreateverydetailedimagesofsurfaces.Theteamfoundnanoparticles(納米顆粒)ofPETnowfloatedinthewater.Attheendofthemonth,morethanthreetimesasmanynanobitswereinthewaterasbefore.ThisshowedthatthebacteriahadbeendecompoundingthePET.ThebacteriaalsomultipliedfasterwhentheyhadPETavailable.Thatsuggeststheywereusingcarbonmoleculesfromtheplasticbitsasfood.RenWei,abiochemist,saysthetinyorganismseatsupertinyamountsofplastic.HeaddsthattherateatwhichtheyconsumePETisfartooslowtoremovemuchofthevastamountsthatentertheenvironmenteachyear.12.Whyisadolphin’sbreathmentionedinparagraph1?A.Toshowplasticpollutionisawidespreadproblem.B.Todisplaytheharmfuleffectofmicroplasticsonseacreatures.C.Toprovemicroplasticscanexistinwastewaterforalongtime.D.Toillustratethestrongabilityofdolphinstodetectmicroplastics.13.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.WideusesofPETinlife. B.BasicfunctionsofPET.C.VarioussourcesofPETpollution. D.MaincharacteristicsofPETpollution.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decompounding”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Takingover. B.Searchingfor. C.Shelteringfrom. D.Breakingapart.15.What’sRenWei’sattitudetousingthemicrobetocleanupPETpollution?A.Unclear. B.Doubtful. C.Positive. D.Unconcerned.【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學家們通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)廢水中的細菌能分解塑料。12.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Tinybitsofplastic,calledmicroplastics,pollutetheairandourfood.Plasticbitshavebeenfoundeverywherefromourbodiestoadolphin’sbreath.(被稱為微塑料的微小塑料碎片污染了空氣和我們的食物。從我們的身體到海豚的呼吸，塑料碎片無處不在)”可知，第一段提到了海豚的呼吸是為了表明塑料污染是一個普遍存在的問題。故選A。13.C主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“PETistheworld’smostwidelyusedplastic.Some56milliontonsofitismadeeachyear—mostlyforpolyesterclothing,waterandsodabottles,andthepackagingofmanystore-boughtgoods.ThatleadstoalotofPETpollution.TinypiecesofPETcomeoutofpolyesterclotheswhenthey’rewashed—andflowthroughwatertreatmentplantsintowaterways.BitsofPETalsogetintowaterwaysasplasticbottlesandotherPETpackagingbreakdownintheenvironment.(聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）是世界上使用最廣泛的塑料。每年大約生產(chǎn)5600萬噸PET，主要用于制作聚酯纖維衣物、飲用水和碳酸飲料瓶，以及許多商店售賣商品的包裝。這導致了大量的PET污染。當聚酯纖維衣物被清洗時，會脫落出微小的PET碎片，這些碎片會隨著水流通過污水處理廠進入水道。此外，隨著塑料瓶和其他PET包裝在環(huán)境中分解，也會有PET碎片進入水道)”可知，第三段主要講的是各種PET污染源。故選C。14.D詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Theteamfoundnanoparticles(納米顆粒)ofPETnowfloatedinthewater.Attheendofthemonth,morethanthreetimesasmanynanobitswereinthewaterasbefore.(研究團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)，水體中現(xiàn)在漂浮著聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）的納米顆粒。到月底時，水中的納米顆粒數(shù)量是之前的三倍多)”可知，細菌對PET顆粒產(chǎn)生某種影響使其變成了更小的納米顆粒（nanobits）。由此可知，劃線詞decompound和Breakingapart“分解，使分裂”意思相近。故選D。15.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“HeaddsthattherateatwhichtheyconsumePETisfartooslowtoremovemuchofthevastamountsthatentertheenvironmenteachyear.(他補充說，他們消耗PET的速度太慢，無法清除每年進入環(huán)境的大量PET)”可知，RenWei認為細菌分解PET的速度太慢，遠無法清除每年進入環(huán)境的大量PET。由此可推知，RenWei對于利用細菌清除PET污染持懷疑態(tài)度。故選B。乙閱讀理解（共15小題，每小題2.5分，共37.5分）用時：25分鐘語篇體裁詞數(shù)話題命題亮點錯題統(tǒng)計錯誤原因總結A應用文327人類對地球磁場的認識與25全國ID篇命題思想相同，跨學科綜合B記敘文324克服恐懼成功演講突出心理描寫C說明文309微型森林的作用環(huán)境保護D議論文345技術突破利弊共存考查思辨能力AINCONTEXTBRANCHGeologyBEFORE6thcenturyBCETheGreekthinkerThalesofMiletusnotesmagneticrocks,orlodestones(天然磁石).1stcenturyCEChinesedivinersmakeprimitivecompasseswithironspoonthatcanturnaroundtopointsouth,1269FrenchscholarPierredeMaricourtsetsoutthebasiclawsofmagneticattraction,repulsion,andpoles.AFTER1824FrenchmathematicianSiméonPoissonmodelstheforcesinamagneticfield.1940sAmericanphysicistWalterMauriceElsasserattributesEarth’smagneticfieldtoironswirlinginitsoutercoreastheplanetrotates.1958Explorer1spacemissionshowsEarth’smagneticfieldextendingfaroutintospace.Bythelate1500s,ships’captainsalreadyreliedonmagneticcompassestomaintaintheircourseacrosstheoceans.Yetnooneknewhowtheyworked.SomethoughtthecompassneedlewasattractedtotheNorthStar,othersthatitwasdrawntomagneticmountainsintheArctic.ItwasEnglishphysicianWilliamGilbertwhodiscoveredthatEarthitselfismagnetic.Strongerreasonsareobtainedfromsureexperimentsanddemonstratedargumentsthanfromprobableconjectures(推測)andtheopinionsofphilosophicalspeculators.WilliamGilbertGilbert’sbreakthroughcamenotfromaflashofinspiration,butfrom17yearsofcarefulexperiments.Helearnedallhecouldfromships’captainsandcompassmakers,andthenhemadeamodelglobe,or“terrella”outofthemagneticrocklodestoneandtestedcompassneedlesagainstit.Theneedlesreactedaroundtheterrellajustasships’compassesdidonalargerscale—showingthesamepatternsofdeclination(pointingslightlyawayfromtruenorthatthegeographicpole,whichdiffersfrommagneticnorth)andinclination(tiltingdownfromthehorizontaltowardtheglobe).Gilbertconcluded,rightly,thattheentireplanetisamagnetandhasacoreofiron.HepublishedhisideasinthebookDeMagnete(OntheMagnet)in1600,causingadsensation.JohannesKeplerandGalileo,inparticular,wereinspiredbyhissuggestionthatEarthisnotfixedtorotatingcelestialspheres,asmostpeoplestillthought,butismadetospinbytheinvisibleforceofitsownmagnetism.1.Beforethe16hcentury,howdidcaptainsnavigateacrossoceans?A.TheNorthStarnavigatedtheirships.B.Theforcesinamagneticfieldattractedtheships.C.Magneticcompasseshelpedthemmaintainthecourse.D.ThemagneticmountainsintheArcticguidedtheirjourney.2.HowdidWilliamGilbertfindoutthefactthatEarthitselfismagnetic?A.Throughtrialsanderrors.B.Byacquiringsomeflashinspiration.C.Bystudyingtheideasofsomephilosophers.D.Throughsomepersonalphilosophicalspeculation.3.WhichofthefollowingstatementmightGalileoagreewith?A.Theearthstaysmovable.B.Theearthhasitsownmagneticfield.C.Gilbert’sfindingsandconclusionsaresensational.D.Gilbertsuccessfullyrefutedthelawsofmagneticattraction.【解析】本文是一篇應用文。主要介紹的是從古至今人類對地球磁場的認識，特別是威廉·吉爾伯特發(fā)現(xiàn)地球自身磁性的實驗和理論。1.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圖表右欄首段中的“Bythelate1500s,ships’captainsalreadyreliedonmagneticcompassestomaintaintheircourseacrosstheoceans.(到16世紀末，船長們已經(jīng)依靠磁羅盤來保持他們在海洋中的航向。)”可知，在16世紀之前，船長們依靠磁羅盤來保持航向。故選C項。2.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圖表右欄WilliamGilbert部分中的“Gilbert’sbreakthroughcamenotfromaflashofinspiration,butfrom17yearsofcarefulexperiments.(Gilbert的突破并非來自靈光一閃，而是源于17年的認真的實驗。)”可知，他的發(fā)現(xiàn)是通過反復試驗和錯誤總結得來的。故選A項。3.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)圖表右欄尾段中的“JohannesKeplerandGalileo,inparticular,wereinspiredbyhissuggestionthatEarthisnotfixedtorotatingcelestialspheres,asmostpeoplestillthought,butismadetospinbytheinvisibleforceofitsownmagnetism.(特別是約翰內(nèi)斯·開普勒和伽利略受到他提出的觀點的啟發(fā)：地球并不是固定在旋轉的天球上（如大多數(shù)人仍然認為的那樣），而是通過其自身磁力的無形力量而自轉。)”可知，地球是通過其自身磁力的無形力量而自轉，由此可知，伽利略可能認可“地球具有自身的磁場”這一觀點。故選B項。BEmma,ayounglibrarianwithaheartwarmingsmileandasteadycommitmenttoherwork,harbouredadeep-seatedfear:publicspeaking.WhenshewasinvitedtodelivertheopeningspeechattheannualSerenityBookFestival—aneventtoosignificanttodecline—heranxietyrose.Oliver,abrightandconsiderateboywhofrequentedthelibrary,quicklysensedEmma’sdepression.Havingalwaysadmiredherwarmthanddevotion,Oliverapproachedherwithagentlesmile.“Whydon’tweovercomeourfearlikeheroesinthem?”hesuggestedkindly,pointingtothebooksontheshelf.Movedbytheboy’scourage,Emmaagreedsoftly,“Alright,let’sgiveitatry!”Witheachpractice,Emmagraduallygainedtheconfidencetoboldlyfaceherfear.Asthefestivalapproached,Emmapracticedbeforesmallgroups,thenlargerones,steadilyimproving.Butaweekprior,shereceivedanunexpectedletterfromheroldteacher,Mr.Langston,whoexpressedhisintentiontoattendandeagerlyanticipatedherspeech,addingtoherpressure.Noticingherconcern,Oliverremindedherhowmuchshehadimproved.Theydidafinalpracticeinfrontofthelibrarystaff,whoseencouragementboostedherconfidencesignificantly,calminghernervesforthebigday.Thedayofthefestivalarrived.Steppingontothestage,Emmafeltherheartbeatingwildly.Shetookadeepbreathandbegantospeak.Oliver,sittinginthefrontrow,watchedwithpride.Hissmilewidenedasheheardconfidenceinhervoice.Theaudiencelistenedattentively.WhenEmmaconcludedwitharequestforeveryonetolearnfrombooks,therewasamomentofsilence—thenthecrowderuptedintoapplause.Tearsofjoyfilledhereyes,notjustfromrelief,butfromtheoverwhelmingsupportandrecognitionfrombothOliverandtheaudience.Emmatookafinalhowastheapplausedieddown,feelingawarmthinherheart.Sheknewshecouldfacewhatevercamenext.4.WhatwastheproblemwithEmma?A.Ittroubledhertohostanevent.B.Shewasafraidtospeakinpublic.C.Shefounditdifficulttostaycalm.D.Itwashardforhertofundthefestival.5.WhatdoweknowaboutMr.Langston’sletter?A.ItmadeEmmamuchmoreanxious.B.ItencouragedEmmatobeconfident.C.IttaughtEmmathetechniquesofspeaking.D.ItinvitedEmmatothecelebrationofthefestival.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesEmma?A.Humbleandcapable. B.Carefulandsuccessful.C.Anxiousandambitious. D.Determinedandcommitted.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheLibrarian’sSecret:ATaleofHiddenFearsB.Emma’sSpeech:AJourneyfromFeartoApplauseC.Oliver’sAdvice:AStoryofFriendshipandSupportD.TheSerenityBookFestival:ACelebrationofLiterature【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了圖書管理員Emma害怕公眾演講，但在男孩Oliver的鼓勵和幫助下，她克服恐懼，在圖書節(jié)開幕式演講中獲得了觀眾的掌聲。4.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Emma,ayounglibrarianwithaheartwarmingsmileandasteadycommitmenttoherwork,harbouredadeep-seatedfear:publicspeaking.(艾瑪是一位年輕的圖書管理員，她笑容溫暖，工作認真負責，但內(nèi)心深處卻藏著一種深深的恐懼：公開演講)”可知，Emma的問題是害怕在公眾場合講話。故選B。5.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Butaweekprior,shereceivedanunexpectedletterfromheroldteacher,Mr.Langston,whoexpressedhisintentiontoattendandeagerlyanticipatedherspeech,addingtoherpressure.(但在演講前一周，她收到了老教師蘭斯頓先生的一封意外來信，他表示打算參加并熱切期待她的演講，這增加了她的壓力)”可知，蘭斯頓先生的信讓Emma更加焦慮了。故選A。6.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Emma,ayounglibrarianwithaheartwarmingsmileandasteadycommitmenttoherwork,harbouredadeep-seatedfear:publicspeaking.(艾瑪是一位年輕的圖書管理員，她笑容溫暖，工作認真負責，但內(nèi)心深處卻藏著一種深深的恐懼：公開演講)”、第二段中“Witheachpractice,Emmagraduallygainedtheconfidencetoboldlyfaceherfear.(通過每一次練習，Emma逐漸獲得了勇敢面對恐懼的信心)”、第三段中“Theydidafinalpracticeinfrontofthelibrarystaff,whoseencouragementboostedherconfidencesignificantly,calminghernervesforthebigday.(他們在圖書館工作人員面前進行了最后一次練習，他們的鼓勵大大增強了她的信心，讓她在大日子到來時平靜下來)”和第四段中“Theaudiencelistenedattentively.WhenEmmaconcludedwitharequestforeveryonetolearnfrombooks,therewasamomentofsilence—thenthecrowderuptedintoapplause.(聽眾聚精會神地聽著。當艾瑪結束時，她要求每個人都從書本中學習，大家沉默了一會兒，然后人群爆發(fā)出掌聲)”可知，Emma克服了對公開演講的恐懼，通過堅持和不斷練習，贏得了觀眾的掌聲，這展現(xiàn)了她為實現(xiàn)目標的堅決(determined)和堅定(committed)。故選D。7.B主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Emma,ayounglibrarianwithaheartwarmingsmileandasteadycommitmenttoherwork,harbouredadeepseatedfear:publicspeaking.(艾瑪是一位年輕的圖書管理員，她笑容溫暖，工作認真負責，但內(nèi)心深處卻藏著一種深深的恐懼：公開演講)”可知Emma一開始害怕公眾演講；再根據(jù)第四中段中“Thedayofthefestivalarrived.Steppingontothestage,Emmafeltherheartbeatingwildly.Shetookadeepbreathandbegantospeak.Oliver,sittinginthefrontrow,watchedwithpride.Hissmilewidenedasheheardconfidenceinhervoice.Theaudiencelistenedattentively.WhenEmmaconcludedwitharequestforeveryonetolearnfrombooks,therewasamomentofsilence—thenthecrowderuptedintoapplause.(節(jié)日當天到了。艾瑪走上舞臺，感到心跳得厲害。她深吸了一口氣，開始說話。奧利弗坐在前排，驕傲地看著他們。當他聽到她的聲音充滿信心時，他的笑容更燦爛了。聽眾聚精會神地聽著。當艾瑪結束時，她要求每個人都從書本中學習，大家沉默了一會兒，然后人群爆發(fā)出掌聲)”可知，Emma最終克服恐懼在演講中獲得了掌聲。所以文章主要講述了Emma從害怕公眾演講到獲得掌聲的過程。B選項“Emma’sSpeech:AJourneyfromFeartoApplause(艾瑪?shù)难葜v：從恐懼到掌聲的旅程)”能概括文章的主要內(nèi)容，最適合做文章標題。故選B。CLikealiteralbreathoffreshair,so-called“micro-forests”representagreenpractice,boostingthequalityoflifeinmanyoftheworld’spollutedandovercrowdedurbancenters.Thesesmallareasofdensely(稠密地)plantedwoodlandtrees,alsoknownasmini-forestsorpocketforests,allowcommunitiestomanagetheeffectsofclimatechangeinasmallway,butofferenormousbenefitstotheenvironmentandlocalpeople,astheyrestoresoil,airandwaterquality.Thesemini-forestsareprovingamagnetforvariousanimalandplantspecies,whichofferhumanbeingsthechancetolearnmoreaboutnature.Magicallybecomingself-sustainingovertime,theyareawaytomakereimaginedurbanlifeareality.Significantly,mini-forests,asoneoftheirnonprofitfacilitatorsSUGioutlines,servetobuildsocialbondsincommunitiesaswell,astheycometogethertoenjoyandsustainnewnaturalsettings.Theycanalsoregenerateandbeautifyneglected(被忽視的)plotsincitiessuchasformerbasketballcourts,anddisusedparkinglotsandplaygrounds,forinstance.AccordingtotheUN’sStateoftheWorld’sForestsReportfrom2020,over440millionhectares(公頃)offoresthavebeenlosttootherusessince1990.Now,morethanhalfoftheglobalpopulationlivesinurbanareas,buttheaccesstogreenspacesislimited.Thegoodnewsisthatmicro-forestsincitiescanofferanimportantchancetofightagainstdeforestationandenlargegreenspaces.EuroNewsdetailssomeofthemanyexcitingmicro-foreststhathavetakenrootglobally.NonprofitEarthwatchEurope,forinstance,hasplanted285ofthemsince2022.Theirplotsaremadeupof600trees.Atree-plantingprogramaimingtorestorebiodiversityandreintroducenativespecies,SUGi,hascreated230pocketforestsin52citiesaroundtheworld,fromToulouseinFrance,toMadridinSpain,andSaintGeorgeinRomania.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“magnet”inparagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Somethingartificial. B.Somethingsimplified.C.Somethinginnovative. D.Somethingappealing.9.Howdomicro-forestsbenefitacityaccordingtothetext?A.Theyreducetrafficjams. B.Theyimproveurbanlanduse.C.Theypopularizesportsactivities. D.Theyensurecitizens’privacy.10.Whatisthedatainparagraph4intendedtostress?A.Thefastpaceofurbanization. B.Theneedtocontrolpopulations.C.Theimportan