有害物質(zhì)管控分析教材BOS物質(zhì)清單PVCpiece塑料粒子Plastizers軟化劑Stability(UV/Thermo)穩(wěn)定劑(紫外或/和熱穩(wěn)定劑)Flameretardant阻燃劑Additives(CaSO4)填充物Dyestuff(CarbonizeandDyes)色母和碳黑Mineraloils礦油controlbannedphthalates控制禁用鄰苯二甲酸酯得使用-ControlLeadorCadmiumstabilityusing控制鉛、鎘穩(wěn)定劑得使用ControlUV320/326/327/328,topreventBenzotriazole控制紫外穩(wěn)定劑(UV320/326/327/328)來(lái)避免苯并三唑

-ControlTPNNtopreventNP通過(guò)控制亞磷酸三壬基苯酯來(lái)避免壬基酚controlrestrictedflameretardants,suchasPBB/PBDE控制限制阻燃劑得使用,如PBB/PBDEcontroltheconcentrationofPAHsofCarbonize,suchasheating,controlthepurityofsolventsandpaste、控制多環(huán)芳香烴化合物得濃度,如碳黑,先烘以下！控制溶劑和漿料得純度。controlthepurityofMineraloilsforPAHs通過(guò)控制礦物油得純度來(lái)控制多環(huán)芳香烴化合物得濃度BOM材料清單PVC(Black)黑色PVCAtonetime,weshouldalsotakecare:同時(shí),還要注意:

Shallknowthesubstanceschangesituationofmaterialsduringtheproduction、Forexample:要了解材料中物質(zhì)在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中得變異情況,如以下得例子:Situation現(xiàn)象:－inPCB,foundhighleadcontaininginsomesolderpoint,butsomenot電路板上,有得焊點(diǎn)高鉛,有得不就是－thecontainercontainsolders,foundthelast1/5withhighlead盛焊料得焊杯,下部剩下得1/5,會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)高鉛－buythesolderthread,foundonepartcontainhighlead一起買得焊錫絲,總有一段高鉛Leadseparateoutbecauseofgravity鉛得比重偏析。Why?為什么？Possible可能性:

－pincontainlead接腳里有鉛－thesolderingprocessexistthesituationthatleadseparateout

焊接過(guò)程存在偏析想象Foreword前言-Chemicalsubstancescontrolshouldalsobebinedwithotherrequirements,suchasRoHSverificationprocessshouldbefollowedwithsafetycertification(suchasGS/CE…)、化學(xué)物質(zhì)得控制,還要和其她得要求結(jié)合在一起,如RoHS得確認(rèn)過(guò)程應(yīng)該和安規(guī)認(rèn)證(如GS或CE)結(jié)合在一起。Productionprocesscontrolwasalsoveryimportant!Forexample:生產(chǎn)過(guò)程得控制也非常重要。如以下得例子:Situation現(xiàn)象:－FoundPAHsinPlasticwithpainting;

發(fā)現(xiàn)在噴了漆得塑料上含有多環(huán)芳香烴化合物-noPAHsinbasePlastic;塑料里面沒(méi)有PAHs-lowPAHsinPainting;染料里面也沒(méi)有PAHsWhy?為什么？Beforepainting,workerusepetroltocleanthesurface,andpetrolcontainhighconcentrationPAHs發(fā)現(xiàn),在噴漆以前,工人用汽油擦拭清潔表面,而汽油中含有大量PAHs、Foreword前言Sotestingisnotthekeypoint,butthematerialassessmentand、deepsubstancescontrol、因此,檢測(cè)不就是一切得,而應(yīng)該就是材料評(píng)價(jià)和物質(zhì)控制Supervisehazardoussubstances監(jiān)控危險(xiǎn)物質(zhì)-somematerialdon’tneedtotestforsomerestricteditems有得材料不必進(jìn)行一些禁用項(xiàng)目得測(cè)試-somematerialneedtotestmore有得材料要加倍進(jìn)行測(cè)試監(jiān)控Reducecost減少費(fèi)用PAHs(PAK)+GS多環(huán)方向烴化合物新要求Historical歷史

In2005and2006“StiftungWarentest”(independentGermanconsumerprotectionorganization)examinesconsumergoodsandfoundalarminglevelsofPAHamongstotherchemicals

在2005年和2006年間,“StiftungWarentest”(一家獨(dú)立得德國(guó)消費(fèi)者保護(hù)組織)發(fā)現(xiàn)在一些消費(fèi)產(chǎn)品得以下部件材料中含有多環(huán)芳香烴化合物,

-inrubberhandlesoftools在工具得塑膠手柄上

-Inplastichandlesofpushchairs,electricalappliancesandtorches在手推車、電子產(chǎn)品和火把得手柄上Recall:InGermanyandBelgium,fromJul,2005toJul,2007,therewereaatleastUS$100Mproductswhichwererecalled,withoutanycorrelativelawordirective、招回案例:在德國(guó)和比利時(shí),從2005年7月到2007年7月份已經(jīng)至少有超過(guò)1億美金得產(chǎn)品在沒(méi)有明確指令和法律得情況下涉及被商家招回。PAHs被認(rèn)為有致癌作用。FromApril1st2008,GSMarkcertifiedwillhavetoplywithnewrequirementscoveringPolycyclicAromaticHydrocarbons(PAHs)、

從2008年4月1日開始,GS產(chǎn)品認(rèn)證都必須加入新得要求–多環(huán)芳香烴化合物。ThisGSisaswellastherelevantsafetystandards、GS就是相應(yīng)安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)得認(rèn)證。

PreviouslythevoluntaryPAHrequirementbeesmandatory、

以前自愿性得多環(huán)芳香烴化合物PAHs得要求變成強(qiáng)制性得了。TherequirementandtestmethodwillbeaddedtotheZLSstandardZEK01-08

相應(yīng)得要求和檢測(cè)方法:ZEK01-08Historical歷史LimitsforPAHinconsumerproducts

消費(fèi)產(chǎn)品中多環(huán)芳香烴化合物得限量指標(biāo)Parameter參數(shù)Category11類Category22類Category33類Materialindirectcontactwithfood,ormaterialsindentedtobeputinthemouthandtoysforchildrenaged<36months和食品接觸材料,或有放入口中傾向得材料,36個(gè)月以下兒童玩具。Materialwithforeseeablecontacttoskinforlongerthan30seconds(long-termskincontact)andtoysnotcoveredbycategory1皮膚接觸時(shí)間大于30秒得材料(長(zhǎng)時(shí)間皮膚接觸),玩具不在此列。Materialwithforeseeablecontacttoskinupto30seconds(shorttermskincontact)orwithoutskincontact、皮膚接觸時(shí)間小于30秒得材料(短時(shí)間皮膚接觸)。Benzo[a]pyrenemg/kgNotdetectable(<0,2)*120Sum16PAH(EPA)mg/kgNotdetectable(<0,2)*10200*Ifthelimitsofcategory1aresurpassedbutthelimitsofcategory2stillmet,theconfirmationofsuitabilityofcontactwithfoodstuffortheoralmucosacanbeverifiedbyanadditionalmigrationtestofthePAHponentsaccordingtoDINEN1186and§64LFBG80、30-1、Theresultsofthemigrationtestshallbeevaluatedaccordingtolawcriteriaforfoodstuff、*如果檢測(cè)結(jié)果超過(guò)了1類得限制但又不超過(guò)2類,對(duì)于食品接觸性材料或口腔粘膜接觸性材料得適當(dāng)?shù)么_認(rèn)工作應(yīng)該進(jìn)行,相關(guān)驗(yàn)證工作就是通過(guò)增加遷移測(cè)試來(lái)進(jìn)行,方法為根據(jù)DINEN1186和§64LFBG80、30-1對(duì)PAH得遷移量進(jìn)行測(cè)試;相應(yīng)得結(jié)果將根據(jù)食品法律來(lái)判定。WhatisPAH?什么就是PAHPAHsarewidespreadpersistentorganicpollutantsinair,soilandwater

PAH就是廣泛持久穩(wěn)定得有機(jī)污染物,存在空氣、土壤和水中

DirectlyfoundinCrudeoil,coal,coaltar,creosote

直接可以在原油、煤炭、煤焦油和雜芬油

Formationfrominpleteburningofhydrocarbons

碳?xì)浠衔锏貌煌耆紵?/p>

Coal,gas,oil,wood,tobaccoandcharcoalmeat,naturallyoccurringfiresincludingwoodburningstovesandfireplaces

煤炭、汽油、油、木材、煙草和烤肉,

Survivorofbustionfromautomobilesandairplanes

汽車和飛機(jī)燃油得燃燒殘留

Pyrolysisoforganicmatter,refiningoil有機(jī)物和精煉油得裂解產(chǎn)物

mercialUsage-Pharmaceuticals,dyes,plastics,pesticides商業(yè)用途–藥品、顏料染料、塑料、殺蟲劑

PAHs,specificrefinedproductsarewidelyusedinthefieldofelectronics,functionalplasticsandliquidcrystals、PAHs廣泛用于電子/功能塑料/液晶得生產(chǎn)、Acenaphthene:Intermediatefornaphthalicacids,naphthalicanhydride(intermediateforpigments)andforacenaphthylene(intermediateforresins);Intermediatefordyes,soaps,pigments,pharmaceuticals,insecticide,fungicide,herbicideandplantgrowthhormones、Itisusedtomanufactureplasticsandasanagentforinducingpolyploidy、

苊:萘酸/萘酐(顏料得中間體)/亞苊(樹脂得中間體)得中間體,染料/肥皂/顏料/藥品/殺蟲劑/殺真菌劑/除草劑和植物生長(zhǎng)激素得中間體、她也作為一種產(chǎn)生多倍誘導(dǎo)作用得助劑用于塑料生產(chǎn)、10大家應(yīng)該也有點(diǎn)累了，稍作休息大家有疑問(wèn)的，可以詢問(wèn)和交流WhatisPAH?什么就是PAH

Anthracene:Itsoxidationyieldsanthraquinone,theparentsubstanceofalargeclassofdyesandpigments;、diluentforwoodpreservatives;scintillant(fordetectionofhigh-energyradiation)

蒽:她得氧化生成物蒽醌,蒽得姐妹物質(zhì)就是廣泛得染料和顏料物質(zhì);木材防腐劑得稀釋劑,發(fā)光物(高能量放射性得檢測(cè))Fluoranthene:manufacturingfluorescentandvatdyes,pharmaceuticalsandagrochemicals、熒蒽:熒光和還原染料得生產(chǎn),藥品和農(nóng)業(yè)化學(xué)品、Fluorene:basicsubstanceforproductionofdyes,pigments,pesticides,thermosetplasticandpharmaceuticals;manufacturingfluorenone(mildoxidizingagent)

芴:染料/顏料/殺蟲劑/熱固塑膠和藥品生產(chǎn)得基本物質(zhì);芴酮得生產(chǎn)(弱氧化劑)Naphthalene:Intheproductionofphthalicanhydride,carbarylinsecticide,beta-naphthol,tanningagents,mothrepellent,andsurfactants-naphthalene:mainuse:productionofphthalicanhydride(intermediateforpolyvinylchlorideplasticizers);also,productionofazodyes,surfactantsanddispersants,tanningagents,carbaryl(insecticide),alkylnaphthalenesolvents(forcarbonlesscopypaper),andusewithoutprocessingasafumigant(mothrepellent)

萘:鄰苯二甲酸酐/胺甲萘殺蟲劑/beta-萘酚/鞣革劑/防蛀劑/表面活性劑得生產(chǎn);主要用途:鄰苯二甲酸酐(PVC塑膠得中間體);也用于:生產(chǎn)偶氮染料/表面活性劑/分散劑/鞣革劑/胺甲萘(殺蟲劑)/烷基萘溶劑(無(wú)碳銅版紙得制造),和熏劑、Phenanthrene:manufacturingphenanthrenequinone(intermediateforpesticides);manufacturingdiphenicacid(intermediateforresins)

菲:生產(chǎn)菲醌(農(nóng)藥得中間體),生產(chǎn)二菲酸(樹脂得中間體)、Pyrene:manufacturingperinonpigments

芘:顏料得生產(chǎn)PAHsCASno、StructureAcenaphthene苊83-32-9Acenaphthylene苊烯208-96-8Anthracene蒽120-12-7Benzo(a)anthracene苯并蒽56-55-3Benzo(a)pyrene苯并(a)芘50-32-8Benzo(b)fluoranthene苯并(b)熒蒽205-99-2Benzo(g、h、i)perylene苯并(g,h,i)二萘嵌苯191-24-2Benzo(k)fluoranthene苯并(k)熒蒽207-08-9BannedPAHslist禁用得多環(huán)芳香烴目錄PAHsCASno、StructureChrysene屈218-01-9Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene二苯并(a,h)蒽53-70-3Fluoranthene熒蒽206-44-0Fluorene芴86-73-7Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘193-39-05Naphthalene萘91-20-3Phenanthrene菲85-01-8Pyrene芘129-00-0BannedPAHslist禁用得多環(huán)芳香烴目錄HowdoPAHeintotheproduct?

PAHs如何進(jìn)入產(chǎn)品得？

Duringtheproductionofrubber(andplastic)fillingsareusedtogetahighermassofproduct、Thisturnstheproducthard、Tore-softenthematerialmineraloilsareadded、OftenthesemineraloilcontainPAHasanimpurity、

在橡膠(和塑料)得生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中會(huì)加入一些填充物以增強(qiáng)產(chǎn)品得強(qiáng)度,這樣會(huì)使產(chǎn)品變得很硬,為了使產(chǎn)品重新變軟,會(huì)加入軟化劑礦物油。不純得礦物油經(jīng)常會(huì)導(dǎo)致PAHs問(wèn)題。

Conservationagents(Naphthalene,etc…)貯存劑(如萘等防腐劑)Carbonblackasdyingagent染料中碳黑含有PAHs

Solvent溶劑

Dis-mouldoiloragent脫模油

Paste漿料ThefollowingmaterialsareexamplesthatcouldcontainPAHs:

以下得材料就是有可能含有PAHs得一些材料-Elastomers(plasticandrubbermaterial),andsoftplasticsandrubbers、

彈性(軟性)得塑料和橡膠材料-BlackordarkcoloredPolymer

黑色或深色聚合物-Coatingsandvarnish,andglue、

油漆和清漆層,和膠水。-Materialstreatedwithconservationagents(Naphthalene)(e、g、Leatherproducts,wood,bastandnaturalbristle)、

經(jīng)過(guò)防腐處理得材料,如皮革、木材、樹皮和天然豬鬃。AstheZLSdecision–EK1-374-08ePAHguidelineforElectricalProductsponentsneedtobetouched,duringtheactualuse、Forgettheponentswhichcannotbetouchedeasilyinnormaltime、Giveupthepossibleskincontactduringinstallation,repairing,wastetreatment,etc…Materialpolicy:-softplastic,rubber,withallcolors-blackanddarkcolorplasticorrubber、-paintingandcoating-naturalmaterial

TestPolicyforGS–Whichkindofponentsneedtobetested？

GS得測(cè)試準(zhǔn)則—哪些需要進(jìn)行測(cè)試

CheckrawmaterialsforPAHcontent

檢查原材料中就是否有PAHsUse“clean“rawmaterials

使用清潔得原材料

Avoidtheusageofuncontrolledmaterials

避免使用非受控得材料

SpreadinformationaboutPAH

了解PAH傳播得信息

Knowledgeaboutrawmaterials

了解原材料得知識(shí)

Knowledgeaboutimpact

了解相應(yīng)得影響B(tài)OMtoBOS從材料清單走向物質(zhì)清單MaterialcontroltoSubstancescontrol從對(duì)材料得控制走向?qū)τ谂浞降每刂艸owtocontrol?如何控制NewsituationofRoHSRoHS得新情況－IEC62321ED1-newversion:IEC111/95CDV(publishedinDec、,2007)

新得版本:IEC111/95CDV(2007年12月發(fā)表)Itreplacesdocument111/54/CDV(rejectedinOct、,2006)、Whilstnotofficiallyreleasedasastandard,thedocumentisausefulguidetofollowforRoHStesting、

她代替了111/54/CDV(2006年10月已經(jīng)被否決),同時(shí)并不作為官方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行發(fā)表,而就是RoHS測(cè)試得指導(dǎo)性文件、－SomechangeonAnalysisofPBB/PBDE:PBB/PBDE分析方法得改變

-extractiontime:from”about2hours(20extractioncycles)”to“atleast2hourswithkeepeachcycleas2-3mins、”

萃取時(shí)間:從大約2個(gè)小時(shí)(20個(gè)萃取循環(huán))到至少2個(gè)小時(shí)(保持2至3分鐘一個(gè)萃取循環(huán))-preventlightduringextraction(emphasis)再次強(qiáng)調(diào)了萃取過(guò)程中得避光－AnalysisonCr(VI)inplatingofmetal、

-MainTestmethod,主要得檢測(cè)方法1、IEC111/95/CDV(ProjectNo、IEC62321),

spottest,iffoundred,thenuseboilingwaterextractionprocedure,measuredbyUV-Vis擦拭實(shí)驗(yàn),如果發(fā)現(xiàn)紅色,則用水煮萃取過(guò)程,并用分光光度計(jì)而就是測(cè)試,

detectionlimit檢出限::0、02mg/kgwith50cm2samplesurfacearea;if>detectionlimit,thenfail;如果大于檢出限,則就是陽(yáng)性結(jié)果,判不合格、

2、EN15205:2006

boilingwaterextractionprocedure,measuredbyUV-Vis,水煮萃取過(guò)程,并用分光光度計(jì)而就是測(cè)試,detectionlimit檢出限::0、1μg/cm2;

if>detectionlimit,thensamplecontainsCr(6+);如果大于檢出限,則樣品含有六價(jià)鉻、TestmethodstandardforRoHSRoHS得測(cè)試方法SometopicduringthemeetinginTelAvivinMar、10/11特拉維夫TC111會(huì)議得一些議題:-Trytoput(informative)annexesintonormativebody(GC-MS,CrVImethods)

將六價(jià)鉻測(cè)試方法和氣質(zhì)聯(lián)用方法放入附件中。-Havethepossibilitytoincludeadditionaltestmethods加入可能得其她附加方法,如EN15205、-TrytomergePASonsampledisjointmentwiththeIEC62321

嘗試將樣品得拆解也放入標(biāo)準(zhǔn),也有意見將另外設(shè)立方法:-62xxx–1GeneralRules(includingsamplepreparation)通用規(guī)則(包括樣品準(zhǔn)備)

-62xxx–2Method…(includingpossiblespecificindicationforsamplepreparation)

方法…(包括可能得對(duì)于樣品準(zhǔn)備得特殊指導(dǎo))·

-62xxx–3Method…(includingpossiblespecificindicationforsamplepreparation)方法…(包括可能得對(duì)于樣品準(zhǔn)備得特殊指導(dǎo))HavethepossibilitytoIncludenewsubstances(e、g、theonessuggestedbyNorwayintheirdraftlegislationorbythe(soontobepublished)RoHSrevision)

挪威代表提出了就是否有可能將新得限制物質(zhì)(RoHS有可能會(huì)擴(kuò)項(xiàng))也加入到這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中。TestmethodstandardforRoHSRoHS得測(cè)試方法Thetimeframeofthepublicationofthestandardshouldbethefollowing:標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)布時(shí)間表

MeetingTelAviv10、&11、MarchIssueCCwithobservations 14、MarchDraftFDIStotaskleader 19、MarchReviewedDraftFDIStoMarkus 1、AprilFDISEnglish 4、AprilFDISFrench 30、AprilFDISCO,officialpublication 27、JuneVotingends 29、AugustIS Sept、/Oct、Meeting(Korea) 13、(PM)/14、/15、October-TheelectronicsindustryhasseenitsfirstprosecutionfornonpliancewiththeRoHSdirective、電子工業(yè)已經(jīng)有第一起由于不符合RoHS得要求而被起訴得案件。AttheendofSeptember,aU、K、panywhosenamewasnotdisclosedwasaccusedofmarketinglead-containingproductsthatviolatedtheRoHSLeadrestrictions、

在2007年9月底,一家英國(guó)得公司被發(fā)現(xiàn)其產(chǎn)品中含有被RoHS禁止得鉛,遭到控告。-Asalotofpoliticalconsiderationandpressure,newRoHSwillbepushedout,由于一些政治考慮和壓力,新得RoHS將被推出(2010年)-ThepressureofPoHS

挪威PoHS得壓力-ThepressureoftheimplementationofROHSRoHS執(zhí)行過(guò)程不就是十分順利,需要新得推動(dòng)力-Thepressureofnewenvironmentaltarget

新得環(huán)保目標(biāo)得壓力-MoreandmoreTBT,toprotectEUenterprises、

為保護(hù)歐盟企業(yè),也需要更多得技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘NewRoHSwillbepushedout,andwilladdalotofnewrestricteditems;tillnowabout460substances['s?bst?ns]wasbroughtforward,but7itemswasthehot;theyare:Arsenic,Beryllium,HBCDD,TBBP-A,MCCP,Phthalates,Bisphenol-A、Denmark,UKsomeEUcountriessupportthis、新得RoHS會(huì)增加很多新得限制項(xiàng)目,目前已經(jīng)有超過(guò)460個(gè)物質(zhì)被提出,但最有可能得就是以下內(nèi)容:砷、鈹、六溴烷十二烷、四溴雙酚-A,中鏈氯化石蠟、鄰苯二甲酸鹽類、雙酚-A等。包括丹麥、英國(guó)等歐盟國(guó)家都支持這一改變。CurrentsituationforRoHSimplementation目前RoHS執(zhí)行得情況-Cancelexemption:Deca-BDEwillberestrictedfromJul、1,2008、

取消豁免:十溴聯(lián)苯醚將在2008年7月1日起正式限制使用TheEuropeanCourtofJustice(ECJ)hasruledinApr、1,2008,thatflameretardantdecabromodiphenylether(deca-BDE)willbe“banned”fromelectricalandelectronicequipmentfromtheendofJune、TheEuropeanmission(EC)hadoriginallygrantedanexemptionfordeca-BDEfromthelistofbannedsubstancesundertheRoHSDirectiveAmendedversion2005/717/EC、Thecurrentexemptionwillapplyuntilthe30thofJune2008、Thereforetheexemptionknownas9aendsonthatdate、

歐洲司法法庭在2008年4月1日規(guī)定:作為阻燃劑得十溴聯(lián)苯醚將在六月底禁止使用在電子電器產(chǎn)品中。歐盟關(guān)于十溴聯(lián)苯醚豁免得指令:RoHS指令得修訂版2005/717/EC將十溴聯(lián)苯醚豁免了,現(xiàn)有得豁免將被繼續(xù)用到2008年6月30日,也就就是說(shuō)對(duì)于十溴聯(lián)苯醚得第9a條豁免將在那一天終止。-NewExemption新得豁免:2008/385/EC,issuedinJan、4,20082008年1月4日發(fā)布30、Cadmiumalloysaselectrical/mechanicalsolderjointstoelectricalconductorslocateddirectlyonthevoicecoilintransducersusedinhigh-poweredloudspeakerswithsoundpressurelevelsof100dB(A)andmore、音壓大于100dB(A)得大功率揚(yáng)聲器中,直接位于轉(zhuǎn)換器音圈上得連接電導(dǎo)體得作為電器/機(jī)械焊料得鎘合金。31、Leadinsolderingmaterialsinmercuryfreeflatfluorescentlamps(whiche、g、areusedforliquidcrystaldisplays,designorindustriallighting)、無(wú)汞平板熒光燈(如用于液晶顯示、設(shè)計(jì)或工業(yè)照明得熒光燈)中得焊料中得鉛。32、LeadoxideinsealfritusedformakingwindowassembliesforArgonandKryptonlasertubes、氬和氪激光管中,使用于視窗裝配得密封玻璃中得氧化鉛。CurrentsituationforRoHSimplementation目前RoHS執(zhí)行得情況HalogenFreeSolution

無(wú)鹵素化和解決方案

WhatisHalogensanditsapplications?什么就是鹵素及其應(yīng)用？Fluorine氟Chlorine氯Bromine溴Iodine碘Astatine砹Whyisthereaneedfor‘Halogen-Free’products?為什么需要“無(wú)鹵”產(chǎn)品？Thetermimplies‘Halogen-Free’meanstheproductmaterialdoesnotcontainanypoundsderivedfromtheseelements、“無(wú)鹵”意味著產(chǎn)品材料不包含由這些元素組成得任何化合物、HarmfulpropertiesoftheuseofHalogens使用鹵素得有害性

-Carcinogenic致癌-Releasetoxicgaswhenbusion:Dioxin/Furan

燃燒時(shí)釋放有毒氣體,二惡因和呋喃-Toxicforimmunitysystem,andeffectincretionsystem,toxicforreproduction

免疫系統(tǒng)毒性、內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)影響、對(duì)生殖系統(tǒng)得毒害-Mutagenic誘導(dǎo)有機(jī)體突變-Mostofhalogensubstancesareenvironmentalhormonesubstance大部分鹵素化合物都就是環(huán)境荷爾蒙物質(zhì)

‘Halogen–Free’materialsorproducts--AnewtrendinE&Eindustry

‘無(wú)鹵’材料及產(chǎn)品--電子電氣行業(yè)新趨勢(shì)Halogen-freeproductshavebeenavailableforquitesometimeanditsuseisexpectedtoincrease、Thisincreaseisdrivenbyindustryinitiativesandlegislationaimedatprotectingtheenvironment、MostfamousmanufacturerssuchasDELL,SONY,MatsushitaandNTThavesetupgreenprocurementpolicies、Besides,EURoHS,etcregulationsrestrictedthesomehalogensubstancesusedincertainelectricalandelectricequipments、無(wú)鹵產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)啟用了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間了,而且她得使用量有望繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。行業(yè)創(chuàng)新和環(huán)境保護(hù)得法律將繼續(xù)推動(dòng)該增長(zhǎng)。大多數(shù)著名得制造商如DELL,索尼,松下和NNT都已經(jīng)建立了綠色通道政策。另外,歐盟RoHS指令等法規(guī)也限制一些鹵素物質(zhì)在某些電子電氣設(shè)備中得使用、Halogen鹵素AhalogenisdefinedasanelementingroupVIIofperiodictable,includingFluorine,Chlorine,Bromine,Iodine,Astatine、鹵素就是化學(xué)元素周期表中第七族得元素,包括了氟、氯、溴、碘、砹。Astatineisaradioelement,soingeneral,halogenisdefinedasFluorine,Chlorine,Bromine,Iodine、砹就是放射性元素,所以一般鹵素質(zhì)得只就是氟、氯、溴、碘。

UsageofHalogeninindustry工業(yè)上鹵素得用途Halogenisusedasflameretardants,refrigeration,vesicant,solvents,organicchemicalindustrialrawmaterials,dyestuff,organicpesticides,bleachers,andsomeplasticssuchasPVCadditives,etc…AndthemostimportantusageisFR、阻燃劑、制冷劑、發(fā)泡劑、溶劑、有機(jī)化工原料、染料色母、有機(jī)殺蟲劑、漂白劑,一些塑料材料如PVC添加劑,等、最重要得應(yīng)用就是阻燃劑:1、Bromine溴化類,

Refrigerants,flameretardants,dyestuffandpigment制冷劑,阻燃劑,染料色母2、Chlorine氯化類

Flameretardants,dyestuffandpigment,pesticide,bleacher,differentkindofsalt、阻燃劑,染料色母,殺蟲劑,漂白劑,各種鹽3、Fluorine氟化類,Vesicant,Aerosol,RefrigerantsandFluorinecontentplastics發(fā)泡劑,拋射劑,制冷劑,含氟塑料WhatisHalogensanditsapplications?什么就是鹵素及其應(yīng)用？

Thereare2kindofflameretardant:

有兩種類型得阻燃劑-Additiontype,Physicalbine,haveeffecttobasematerial,highadditionalquantity,buteasyprocess、加成型,物理結(jié)合,會(huì)影響基材特性,高加入量;但就是容易加工。-Reaction,Withchemicalreaction,usechemicalbondtobineFRandbasematerial,havegoodperformanceandlowadditionalquantity、反應(yīng)型,通過(guò)化學(xué)反應(yīng),利用化學(xué)鍵將阻燃劑和基材結(jié)合,有良好得阻燃表現(xiàn)和低加入量。Andthereare4typesoffire-proofcharacterasbelowform、同時(shí),有四種滅火特性,見下表:WhatisHalogensanditsapplications?什么就是鹵素及其應(yīng)用？Condition條件Methodforputoutfire滅火法Details阻燃機(jī)制FR阻燃劑bustible可燃物Backout,putbustibleoutofthefire隔絕法,阻礙助燃物當(dāng)發(fā)生燃燒時(shí),分解出一種惰性氣體,覆蓋在燃燒物表面,形成障礙物,隔絕氧氣,達(dá)到阻燃Br/Cl/Phosphor溴、氯和磷系bustionsupportingobject(Oxygen)助燃物(氧氣)Asphyxia,remove,isolateandreduceoxygen)窒息法,排除、隔絕或減少氧氣ReactwithOxygen,forminertgases與氧反應(yīng)形成惰性氣體,籠罩在燃燒物四周,降低氧氣含量Br/Cl溴系、氯系Heatenergy熱能Cooling,reduceheatenergy:thetemp、ofbustiblelowerthanburningpoint冷卻法,使可燃物得溫度降低到燃點(diǎn)以下Releasewatervaporduringburning,reducetemp、燃燒時(shí)放出水汽,吸收燃燒熱氣,使燃燒物周圍溫度降低,抑制火勢(shì)Phosphor/Inorganic

磷系和無(wú)機(jī)Chainreaction連鎖反應(yīng)Restrain,addsubstancewhichcanbinewithradical,breakdownthechainreaction抑制法,加入能與游離基結(jié)合得物質(zhì),破壞或阻止連鎖反應(yīng)Catchfreeradicalwithbustibility,holdbackthechainreactionasmovingincycles、捕捉可燃性自由基,阻止燃燒過(guò)程中周而復(fù)始得連鎖反應(yīng),達(dá)到阻燃效果Br/Cl溴系、氯系GeneraluseofBromineandChlorineinElectronics電子產(chǎn)品中氯和溴得使用Parttype部件形式Potentialhalogenuse鹵素得使用Mechanicalplasticsparts工程塑料部件BFRs/CFRsusedincertainflameretardantsABS/HIPS/PC/PSandPBTresins溴化類和氯化類阻燃劑,用于ABS/HIPS/PC/PS/PBT樹脂Cables電纜BFRsusedincable/wireinsulationmaterial溴化類阻燃劑用于電線和電纜絕緣材料BFRsusedinPVCcable/wirejacketingandovermold使用在聚氯乙烯電線電纜護(hù)套和外膜得溴化類阻燃劑Electronicponents電子元器件BFRsusedinFR-4epoxyresins,moldpounds,plasticpackages,soldermasks,thermalinterfacematerials,dieattach,underfills溴化類阻燃劑應(yīng)用于FR-4環(huán)氧樹脂、模具、塑料包裝、焊接面罩、熱表面材料、封裝和填充材料中。Printedcircuitboards印制電路板BFRsusedinFR-4epoxyresinsandsoldermasks、Sodiumchlorideusedinmercialmanufactureofepoxyresins溴化類阻燃劑應(yīng)用于FR-4環(huán)氧樹脂、焊接面罩。應(yīng)用在商業(yè)工廠環(huán)氧樹脂中得氯化鈉Connectors連接器BFRsusedincertainflameratedPBTandPAresinsPBT和PA樹脂中得溴化類助燃劑Films,adhesives,tapes,mylars薄膜、粘合劑、帶子和聚酯薄膜BFRsusedincertainflame-ratedresins某些樹脂中得溴化類阻燃劑PVCusedincertainmagnetictapes某些磁帶得PVC中使用Vibrationdampeningparts抗震材料PVCusedinshockabsorbingorvibrationdampeningresins震動(dòng)和振動(dòng)緩沖PVC材料Solderingfluxes助焊劑BrandClusedinfluestoimprovesoldering應(yīng)用于改善焊接得煙道得溴和氯Colorant(pigmentsanddyes)著色劑(色母、顏料和染料)Plasticcolorant,paintings,fabricdyes,suchassomevioletcolorant塑料著色劑、油漆、織物染料等,例如一些紫色塑料著色劑含有氯或者溴GeneraluseofBromineandChlorineinElectronics電子產(chǎn)品中氟得使用

Mainpounds主要化合物

Mainapplication用途CFC氟氯化碳(ChloroFluoroCarbon)

HighpossibleODCsCFC-11,12,113,114,115,etc…Vesicant-cleannessagent發(fā)泡劑-清洗劑Propellantsorsolventfordrycleaningagent,cleaningagent-Aerosol干洗或清洗劑得拋射劑或溶劑-噴霧劑Refrigerants-refrigerator制冷劑HCFC氫氟氯化碳(HydroChloroFluoroCarbon)

LowpossibleODCs、

HCFC-22,123,141b,142b,225,etc…Vesicantorforplastic塑料發(fā)泡劑Propellantsorsolventfordrycleaningagent,cleaningagent–Aerosol拋射劑Refrigerants-refrigerator制冷劑HFC氫氟化碳(HydroFluoroCarbon)

NopossibleODCs、

HFC-32,125,134a,143a,152a,etc…Vesicantorforplastic塑料發(fā)泡劑Propellantsorsolventfordrycleaningagent,cleaningagent–Aerosol

干洗或清洗劑得拋射劑或溶劑-噴霧劑Refrigerants-refrigerator制冷劑CF2ClBr二氟一氯一溴甲烷(halon-1211)HighpossibleODCsextinguishingagent滅火劑C2F4Br2二溴四氟乙烷(halon-2402)HighpossibleODCsextinguishingagent滅火劑CBrF3

三氟一溴甲烷(halon-1301)HighpossibleODCsextinguishingagent滅火劑RestrictiononChlorine,BromineandtotalHalogenscontent–Internationalregulation限制使用氯、溴和總體鹵素含量–國(guó)際規(guī)定1)IEC61249-2-21

Materialsforprintedboardsandotherinterconnectingstructures-Part2-21:Reinforcedbasematerials,cladandunclad-Non-halogenatedepoxidewovenEglassreinforcedlaminatedsheetsofdefinedflammability(verticalburningtest),copper-clad、印刷電路版材料和其她互連結(jié)構(gòu)-2-21部分:包被和非包被增強(qiáng)基材,阻燃型(垂直燃燒試驗(yàn))銅包被得無(wú)鹵素環(huán)氧編織E型玻璃纖維增強(qiáng)層壓板、

-Totalhalogen鹵素總量:<1500ppm;-Chlorine氯:<900ppm;-Bromine溴:<900ppm、

2)JPCA(JapanPrintedCircuitAssociation)JPCA-ES-01-1999definescriteriaandmethodforhalogenfree

日本印刷電路版協(xié)會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn):JPCA-ES-01-1999-Chlorine氯:<900ppm;-Bromine溴:<900ppm、

3)IPC(internationalPrintedCircuit)IPC4101Bdefines

國(guó)際印刷電路協(xié)會(huì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)IPC4101Bdefines-Totalhalogen鹵素總量:<1500ppm;-Chlorine氯:<900ppm;-Bromine溴:<900ppmAndotherVIIAgrouphalogensarenotincludedinthedefinition,i、e、Fluorine,iodine,astatine其她鹵素總量(氟、碘和砹)沒(méi)有限定RegulationsgovernedinHalogens-Totalhalogen管制鹵素得規(guī)定-鹵素總量RestrictiononChlorine,BromineandtotalHalogensconte