2026屆新高考英語沖刺熱點復習

2025年新高考Ⅰ卷閱讀理解D篇說題文本剖析目錄0102命題解讀03解題指導04教學啟示一、文本剖析

理清框架，把握主旨01D【1】MicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.

【2】Now,newresearchsuggeststhatasimple,cheapmeasuremaysignificantlyreducethelevelofmicroplasticsinwaterfromyourtap(水龍頭):boilingandfiltering(過濾)it.InastudypublishedWednesdayinEnvironmentalScience&TechnologyLetters,researchersfromChinafoundthatboilingtapwaterforjustfiveminutes—thenfilteringitafteritcools—couldremoveatleast80percentofitsmicroplastics.

【3】Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)totraptheplastics.Inthestudy,boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropinplastics.Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate,boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsbyjust25percent.Additionally,theresearchdidn’tincludealltypesofplastics.Theteamfocusedonlyonthreecommontypes—polystyrene,polyethyleneandpolypropylene—andtheydidn’tstudyotherchemicalspreviouslyfoundinwatersuchasvinylchloride.

【4】Still,thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplasticexposure—ataskthat’sbecomingincreasinglydifficult.Evenbottledwater,scientistsfoundearlierthisyear,contains10to1,000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.

【5】Scientistsarestilltryingtodeterminehowharmfulmicroplasticsare—butwhattheydoknowhasraisedconcerns.Thenewstudysuggestsboilingtapwatercouldbeatooltolimitintake.“Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmicroplasticsweretrappedthroughtheboilingprocesswasnice,”CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay,anenvironmentalengineerattheUniversityofGlasgowinScotlandwhowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,tellsNewScientist.“Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics.”話題介紹：微塑料已經成為地球上常見的污染源中國方案：自來水煮沸五分鐘后過濾專家建議（一）文章結構與邏輯---科普說明文：微塑料污染治理關鍵局限現(xiàn)實意義全文遵循“問題呈現(xiàn)→方案提出→辯證分析→現(xiàn)實關聯(lián)→未來建議”邏輯，層層遞進，傳遞“微塑料治理任重道遠，但已有可行探索”的科學認知。（二）語言與知識亮點1.詞匯：專業(yè)術語（microplastics、calciumcarbonate）、高頻學術詞（source、pollution、reduce、remove）、熟詞生義（hardwater指“高鈣水”），考查學生詞匯深度理解；2.句式：長難句密集（如“boilingtapwaterforjustfiveminutes—thenfilteringitafteritcools—couldremoveatleast80percentofitsmicroplastics.”），訓練學生語法分析與信息提取能力；3.體裁特征：科普文“客觀陳述+數據支撐+辯證分析”的風格，培養(yǎng)學生科學思維與理性表達。二、命題解讀

錨定考點，明晰方向01（一）考查題型與能力2025新課標全國I卷閱讀理解D篇考點分析題號考察題型考察能力信息所屬段落考察內容32推理判斷題分析、推理判斷Para.

133理解具體信息題理解具體信息Para.334推理判斷題分析，推理判斷Para.435細節(jié)理解題理解具體信息Para.5題目緊扣高考閱讀“理解、分析、推斷、主旨”等核心能力，設置：?細節(jié)理解（如考查“煮沸過濾方案的效果/局限”）：檢驗信息定位與精準解碼；?推理判斷（如“作者提瓶裝水的意圖”）：要求邏輯推導與文本意圖把握；?寫作手法（如“首段如何呈現(xiàn)微塑料問題”）：聚焦文體特征與論證方法；了解現(xiàn)狀聚焦問題分析原因提出建議錨定“一核四層四翼”錨定“一核四層四翼”（二）命題邏輯與趨勢

：錨定“一核四層四翼”一核：立德樹人、服務選才、引導教學四層：核心價值、學科素養(yǎng)、關鍵能力、必備知識四翼：基礎性、綜合性、應用性、創(chuàng)新性一核（育人）：借“微塑料污染”引導學生關注生態(tài)環(huán)保，樹立社會責任；四層（內容）：覆蓋“核心價值（環(huán)保）、學科素養(yǎng)（科學思維）、關鍵能力（閱讀）、必備知識（詞匯語法）”；

四翼（要求）：體現(xiàn)“基礎性（詞匯理解）、綜合性（邏輯推理）、應用性（方案啟示）、創(chuàng)新性（治理思考）錨定“一核四層四翼”?關注現(xiàn)實議題（微塑料污染是全球環(huán)境熱點

）；?強調文本邏輯（段落功能、句間關系

）；?滲透學科融合（化學“碳酸鈣”知識、環(huán)境科學“水處理”內容

）；?強化思維深度（辯證看待方案優(yōu)劣，思考現(xiàn)實意義

）（二）命題邏輯與趨勢

：呼應高考趨勢”三、解題指導

拆解步驟，突破難點01（一）通用解題流程Step1：讀題干，明題型快速瀏覽題目，判斷是“細節(jié)、推理、主旨、觀點”等類型，明確答題方向。Step2：抓結構，定區(qū)間依托文章結構（問題-方案-局限-意義-建議

），鎖定題干關鍵詞對應的段落（如題干提“首段寫作手法”→Para.1；提“方案局限”→Para.3）。Step3：析文本，找依據?細節(jié)題：精準定位原句（如“boilingtapwater...removeatleast80percent”），比對選項同義替換；?推理題：結合段落主旨（如Para.4提“瓶裝水微塑料更多”→

凸顯治理方案必要性

）；?觀點題：抓專家核心建議（如Para.5“upgradedrinkingwatertreatmentplants”）。Step4：排干擾，選答案警惕“無中生有（如‘冷卻時間影響效果’原文未提

）、偷換概念（如‘所有塑料類型’與‘三種常見類型’混淆

）、過度推斷（如‘方案已全面推廣’無依據

）”等陷阱?！?】MicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.

32.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?

A.Byquotinganexpert.

B.Bydefiningaconcept.

C.Bygivingexamples.

D.Byprovidingstatistics.

（二）典型題目精講分析：考查首段寫作手法。Para.1用“settledinthedeepsea...freshAntarcticsnow”等多個實例，說明微塑料污染范圍廣，對應選項“Bygivingexamples”?！?】Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)totraptheplastics.Inthestudy,boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropinplastics.Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate,boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsbyjust25percent.Additionally,theresearchdidn’tincludealltypesofplastics.Theteamfocusedonlyonthreecommontypes—polystyrene,polyethyleneandpolypropylene—andtheydidn’tstudyotherchemicalspreviouslyfoundinwatersuchasvinylchloride.

33.Whatdeterminestheeffectivenessoftrappingmicroplasticsinwater?

A.Thehardnessofwater.

B.Thelengthofcoolingtime.C.Thefrequencyoffiltering.

D.Thetypeofplasticinwater.

分析：考查細節(jié)因果。Para.3明確“reliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate”，即“水中碳酸鈣含量（水質硬度）”，對應選項“Thehardnessofwater”。34.Whatdoestheauthortrytoillustratebymentioningbottledwaterinparagraph4?

A.Theimportanceofplasticrecycling.

B.Theseverityofthemicroplasticproblem.

C.Thedangerinoverusingpurewater.

D.Thedifficultyintreatingpollutedwater減少微塑料解除的潛在途徑這一任務越來越難.

【4】Still,thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplasticexposure—ataskthat’sbecomingincreasinglydifficult.Evenbottledwater,scientistsfoundearlierthisyear,contains10to1,000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.

分析：考查推理意圖。Para.4提“瓶裝水微塑料是預期的10-1000倍”，結合前文“煮沸過濾方案”，意在強調微塑料污染問題的嚴峻性，凸顯方案價值。?思路：聯(lián)系段落主旨（“減少微塑料暴露愈發(fā)困難”），推導舉例的“現(xiàn)實意義”，排除“塑料回收、過度用水、污水處理”等無關選項。Scientistsarestilltryingtodeterminehowharmfulmicroplasticsare—butwhattheydoknowhasraisedconcerns.Thenewstudysuggestsboilingtapwatercouldbeatooltolimitintake.“Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmicroplasticsweretrappedthroughtheboilingprocesswasnice,”CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay,anenvironmentalengineerattheUniversityofGlasgowinScotlandwhowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,tellsNewScientist.“Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics.”35.WhatisGauchotte-Lindsay’ssuggestionabout?

A.Choiceofnewresearchmethods.

B.Possibledirectionforfurtherstudy.

C.Needtoinvolvemoreresearchers.

D.Potentialapplicationofthefindings.

我們應該考慮升級飲用水處理廠，這樣它們就能去除微塑料考查學生對細節(jié)信息=以及plant熟詞生義的解讀四、教學啟示

立足文本，遷移拓展01一、課堂教學建議一、文本精讀1.帶學生梳理“問題-方案-評價”的科普