2025年考研英語(yǔ)（一）閱讀理解詞匯積累與真題練習(xí)考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷第一部分閱讀理解閱讀下面的文章，完成后面的問題。TheParadoxofProgressInthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury,unprecedentedtechnologicaladvancementstransformednearlyeveryaspectofhumanlife.Fromcommunicationtohealthcare,thebenefitsofprogresswereundeniable.Yet,alongsidetheseadvancements,agrowingsenseofuneasebegantopermeatesociety.Theveryprogressthatwassupposedtobringaboutautopiaofconvenienceandprosperityseemedtoparadoxicallygeneratenewproblemsandchallenges.Oneofthemostsignificantparadoxesofmodernprogressistheerosionofcommunitybonds.Theriseoftheinternetandsocialmedia,whileconnectingpeopleacrossvastdistances,hassimultaneouslyfosteredasenseofisolationandalienation.Familiesandfriends,oncebroughttogetherbysharedexperiencesandface-to-faceinteractions,nowoftencommunicatethroughscreens.Theconvenienceofvirtualcommunicationhascomeatthecostofdeepeninghumanconnections.Neighborhoods,oncevibrantwithsharedactivitiesandmutualsupport,nowoftenfeellikeisolatedunitsdisconnectedfromthewidercommunity.Anotherparadoxistheimpactofautomationandartificialintelligenceonemployment.Whilethesetechnologieshaveincreasedefficiencyandproductivityinmanysectors,theyhavealsoledtojobdisplacementandeconomicinequality.Therapidpaceoftechnologicalchangehasleftmanyworkersbehind,unabletoadapttonewjobrequirementsoracquirethenecessaryskills.Thishasresultedinawideninggapbetweenthehighlyskilledandtheunskilled,exacerbatingsocialtensionsandcreatingasenseofinsecurityamongthosewhofearbeingleftbehind.Furthermore,thepursuitofmaterialprogresshasoftencomeattheexpenseofenvironmentalsustainability.Theindustrialrevolutionandsubsequenttechnologicaladvancementshaveenabledunprecedentedeconomicgrowth,butthishasbeenachievedatasignificantenvironmentalcost.Pollution,deforestation,andclimatechangearejustafewoftheconsequencesofuncheckedindustrialization.Theparadoxisthattheveryprogressthathasimprovedhumanlivingstandardshasalsoputtheplanetatrisk.Despitetheseparadoxes,itisessentialtorecognizethatprogressisnotinherentlynegative.Technologyandinnovationhavethepotentialtosolvemanyoftheproblemstheycreate.Thekeyliesinfindingabalancebetweentechnologicaladvancementandhumanwell-being.Thisrequiresashiftinperspective,onethatprioritizessustainabledevelopment,communityengagement,andequitabledistributionofresources.Bydoingso,wecanharnessthebenefitsofprogresswhilemitigatingitspotentialdownsides.Thechallenge,therefore,istonavigatethecomplexlandscapeofmodernprogresswithwisdomandforesight.Wemuststrivetocreateafuturewheretechnologyserveshumanityratherthanunderminingit.Thisinvolvesfosteringacultureofinnovationthatisgroundedinethicalconsiderationsandsocialresponsibility.Italsomeansredefiningsuccessnotjustineconomictermsbutalsointermsofenvironmentalsustainabilityandsocialharmony.---問題：1.文章第一段主要提出了什么觀點(diǎn)？2.作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代技術(shù)進(jìn)步在促進(jìn)社會(huì)發(fā)展的同時(shí)，帶來了哪些方面的負(fù)面影響？3.文章中提到的“自動(dòng)化和人工智能對(duì)就業(yè)的影響”具體表現(xiàn)在哪些方面？4.作者如何看待技術(shù)進(jìn)步與環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的關(guān)系？5.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，作者認(rèn)為如何才能更好地應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)代進(jìn)步帶來的挑戰(zhàn)？第二部分閱讀理解閱讀下面的文章，完成后面的問題。TheChangingLandscapeofWorkThenatureofworkhasundergoneprofoundtransformationsoverthepastfewdecades,drivenlargelybytechnologicaladvancementsandshiftingeconomiclandscapes.Thetraditional9-to-5officemodelisincreasinglygivingwaytomoreflexibleworkarrangements,suchasremotework,gigeconomyjobs,andtheriseofthefreelanceworkforce.Thesechangeshaveredefinedtheboundariesofworkandhavehadsignificantimplicationsforbothindividualsandorganizations.Oneofthemostsignificantimpactsofthesechangesistheblurringofthelinesbetweenworkandpersonallife.Withtheriseofremotework,employeesarenolongerconfinedtoaphysicalofficespacebutareinsteadabletoworkfromhomeorotherlocations.Whilethisoffersgreaterflexibilityandconvenience,ithasalsoledtoablurringoftheboundariesbetweenworkandpersonallife.Theconstantavailabilityofworktoolsandtheexpectationtobealwaysconnectedhavemadeitdifficultformanyemployeestodisconnectfromworkandmaintainahealthywork-lifebalance.Anotherimportantaspectofthechanginglandscapeofworkistheriseofthegigeconomy.Thissector,whichincludesshort-termcontracts,freelancework,andothernon-traditionalemploymentarrangements,hasgrownrapidlyinrecentyears.Thegigeconomyoffersindividualsthefreedomtochoosetheirownprojectsandsettheirownschedules,butitalsocomeswithitsownsetofchallenges.Theseincludejobinsecurity,lackofbenefits,andlimitedopportunitiesforcareergrowth.Theriseofautomationandartificialintelligencehasalsohadasignificantimpactonthenatureofwork.Whilethesetechnologieshaveincreasedefficiencyandproductivityinmanyindustries,theyhavealsoledtothedisplacementofcertainjobs.Jobsthatinvolverepetitivetasksandroutineactivitiesareparticularlyvulnerabletoautomation.Thishasledtoconcernsaboutjoblossesandtheneedforworkerstoacquirenewskillstoremaincompetitiveinthejobmarket.Despitethesechallenges,thechanginglandscapeofworkalsooffersnewopportunitiesandpossibilities.Theriseofremoteworkandthegigeconomyhasmadeitpossibleforpeopletoworkfromanywhereintheworld,breakingdowngeographicalbarriersandcreatingamoreglobalizedworkforce.Additionally,theincreasingfocusonwork-lifebalancehasledtoagreateremphasisonemployeewell-beingandthedevelopmentofsupportiveworkenvironments.Thefutureofworkwilllikelycontinuetobeshapedbytechnologicaladvancementsandchangingeconomicconditions.Itiscrucialforindividualsandorganizationstoadapttothesechangesandembracenewwaysofworking.Thisinvolvesdevelopingnewskills,fosteringacultureofflexibilityandinnovation,andcreatingworkenvironmentsthatsupportthewell-beingofemployees.Bydoingso,wecanharnesstheopportunitiespresentedbythechanginglandscapeofworkandcreateamorefulfillingandsustainablefutureforall.---問題：1.文章第二段主要討論了遠(yuǎn)程工作對(duì)員工生活帶來的哪些影響？2.文章中提到的“零工經(jīng)濟(jì)”有哪些特點(diǎn)？它為個(gè)體帶來了哪些優(yōu)勢(shì)和挑戰(zhàn)？3.自動(dòng)化技術(shù)對(duì)工作產(chǎn)生了哪些影響？文章對(duì)此持怎樣的態(tài)度？4.文章認(rèn)為，盡管面臨挑戰(zhàn)，變化的工作環(huán)境也帶來了哪些機(jī)遇？5.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，為了適應(yīng)未來工作的變化，個(gè)人和組織需要采取哪些措施？試卷答案第一部分閱讀理解問題：1.文章第一段主要提出了什么觀點(diǎn)？答案：現(xiàn)代技術(shù)進(jìn)步雖然帶來了諸多益處，但也引發(fā)了新的問題和挑戰(zhàn)，存在一種矛盾的現(xiàn)象。解析思路：第一段首先肯定了20世紀(jì)后半葉技術(shù)進(jìn)步帶來的巨大好處，接著使用“Yet”進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，指出與進(jìn)步并存的是一種“unease”（憂慮），最后用“paradoxically”（矛盾地）總結(jié)核心觀點(diǎn)，即進(jìn)步本身似乎產(chǎn)生了新的問題。考生需要抓住轉(zhuǎn)折詞和總結(jié)性詞語(yǔ)來提煉觀點(diǎn)。2.作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代技術(shù)進(jìn)步在促進(jìn)社會(huì)發(fā)展的同時(shí)，帶來了哪些方面的負(fù)面影響？答案：現(xiàn)代技術(shù)進(jìn)步帶來了社區(qū)聯(lián)系的削弱（人們因虛擬交流而感到孤立和疏遠(yuǎn)）、自動(dòng)化和人工智能對(duì)就業(yè)的沖擊（導(dǎo)致失業(yè)和加劇不平等）、以及物質(zhì)追求對(duì)環(huán)境可持續(xù)性的損害（工業(yè)化為環(huán)境帶來代價(jià)）。解析思路：第二段明確列出了三個(gè)悖論。第一個(gè)悖論（社區(qū)聯(lián)系）在段首提出，指出虛擬交流的便利犧牲了深層聯(lián)系。第三段討論自動(dòng)化對(duì)就業(yè)的影響，指出其帶來了失業(yè)和不平等。第四段討論物質(zhì)進(jìn)步與環(huán)境的矛盾，指出工業(yè)化為環(huán)境帶來破壞?？忌枰謩e定位并概括這三個(gè)段落的核心內(nèi)容。3.文章中提到的“自動(dòng)化和人工智能對(duì)就業(yè)的影響”具體表現(xiàn)在哪些方面？答案：自動(dòng)化和人工智能的影響主要體現(xiàn)在：提高了效率和生產(chǎn)力；導(dǎo)致了部分工作崗位的流失；使得部分工人（特別是從事重復(fù)性、常規(guī)性工作的）面臨技能不匹配的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，加劇了失業(yè)和技能差距。解析思路：第四段集中討論自動(dòng)化和人工智能對(duì)就業(yè)的影響。首先提到其“increasedefficiencyandproductivity”（提高效率和生產(chǎn)力），然后使用“however”進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，指出其負(fù)面影響：“jobdisplacement”（工作流失）和“economicinequality”（經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等）。接著進(jìn)一步解釋了導(dǎo)致失業(yè)和技能差距的原因是技術(shù)變革的速度快，使得工人難以適應(yīng)（“rapidpaceoftechnologicalchangehasleftmanyworkersbehind,unabletoadapt...”）。考生需要概括正面和負(fù)面的影響，并理解其背后的原因。4.作者如何看待技術(shù)進(jìn)步與環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的關(guān)系？答案：作者認(rèn)為，追求物質(zhì)進(jìn)步（特別是通過工業(yè)化）與環(huán)境保護(hù)之間存在著矛盾關(guān)系。工業(yè)發(fā)展雖然改善了生活水平，但卻以犧牲環(huán)境（如污染、森林砍伐、氣候變化）為代價(jià)。解析思路：第五段明確闡述了技術(shù)進(jìn)步與環(huán)境保護(hù)的悖論。該段指出，工業(yè)革命和科技進(jìn)步帶來了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)（“unprecedentedeconomicgrowth”），但這是“atasignificantenvironmentalcost”（以顯著的環(huán)境成本為代價(jià)），并列舉了具體的環(huán)境問題（“Pollution,deforestation,andclimatechange”）。作者的觀點(diǎn)通過“attheexpenseof”（以...為代價(jià)）和列舉的環(huán)境問題得以體現(xiàn)。考生需要抓住表示犧牲或代價(jià)的詞語(yǔ)以及列舉的具體后果來理解作者的觀點(diǎn)。5.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，作者認(rèn)為如何才能更好地應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)代進(jìn)步帶來的挑戰(zhàn)？答案：作者認(rèn)為，應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)需要找到技術(shù)進(jìn)步與人類福祉之間的平衡；需要轉(zhuǎn)變視角，優(yōu)先考慮可持續(xù)發(fā)展、社區(qū)參與和資源的公平分配；需要培養(yǎng)以倫理和社會(huì)責(zé)任為根基的創(chuàng)新文化；并且要重新定義成功，不僅關(guān)注經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)，也要關(guān)注環(huán)境可持續(xù)性和社會(huì)和諧。解析思路：第六段和第七段提出了應(yīng)對(duì)之道。第六段提到關(guān)鍵在于“findingabalancebetweentechnologicaladvancementandhumanwell-being”（在技術(shù)進(jìn)步和人類福祉之間找到平衡）。第七段進(jìn)一步具體化了應(yīng)對(duì)措施：需要“prioritizessustainabledevelopment,communityengagement,andequitabledistributionofresources”（優(yōu)先考慮可持續(xù)發(fā)展、社區(qū)參與和資源的公平分配）；“fosteringacultureofinnovationthatisgroundedinethicalconsiderationsandsocialresponsibility”（培養(yǎng)以倫理和社會(huì)責(zé)任為根基的創(chuàng)新文化）；以及“redefiningsuccessnotjustineconomictermsbutalsointermsofenvironmentalsustainabilityandsocialharmony”（重新定義成功，不僅關(guān)注經(jīng)濟(jì)，也關(guān)注環(huán)境和社會(huì)）?？忌枰线@兩段關(guān)于解決方案的信息。第二部分閱讀理解問題：1.文章第二段主要討論了遠(yuǎn)程工作對(duì)員工生活帶來的哪些影響？答案：遠(yuǎn)程工作雖然提供了靈活性和便利，但也導(dǎo)致了工作與個(gè)人生活的界限模糊，員工難以真正脫離工作，從而難以維持健康的工余生活平衡。解析思路：第二段首先提到遠(yuǎn)程工作的好處（“greaterflexibilityandconvenience”）。接著使用“however”引出其負(fù)面影響，即“blurringofthelinesbetweenworkandpersonallife”（工作與個(gè)人生活界限的模糊）。段末進(jìn)一步解釋了這種模糊帶來的后果：“madeitdifficultformanyemployeestodisconnectfromworkandmaintainahealthywork-lifebalance”（許多人難以與工作脫開聯(lián)系并維持健康的工余生活平衡）?？忌枰爬ㄟh(yuǎn)程工作的雙面影響，特別是抓住轉(zhuǎn)折詞后的負(fù)面效果。2.文章中提到的“零工經(jīng)濟(jì)”有哪些特點(diǎn)？它為個(gè)體帶來了哪些優(yōu)勢(shì)和挑戰(zhàn)？答案：零工經(jīng)濟(jì)的特點(diǎn)是工作形式靈活（如短期合同、自由職業(yè)），個(gè)體可以自主選擇項(xiàng)目和時(shí)間。優(yōu)勢(shì)在于提供了自由度和便利性。挑戰(zhàn)則在于工作不穩(wěn)定性、缺乏福利保障以及職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)有限。解析思路：第三段介紹了零工經(jīng)濟(jì)。首先定義了它（“short-termcontracts,freelancework,andothernon-traditionalemploymentarrangements”），并指出其快速增長(zhǎng)。接著說明了其特點(diǎn)：“offersindividualsthefreedomtochoosetheirownprojectsandsettheirownschedules”（提供個(gè)體選擇項(xiàng)目和設(shè)定時(shí)間的自由）。然后使用“however”引出其挑戰(zhàn)：“jobinsecurity,lackofbenefits,andlimitedopportunitiesforcareergrowth”（工作不安全、缺乏福利、職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)有限）?？忌枰謩e概括零工經(jīng)濟(jì)的定義/特點(diǎn)（非傳統(tǒng)安排、靈活自由）和其帶來的優(yōu)勢(shì)（自由度）與挑戰(zhàn)（不安全、無福利、少機(jī)會(huì)）。3.自動(dòng)化技術(shù)對(duì)工作產(chǎn)生了哪些影響？文章對(duì)此持怎樣的態(tài)度？答案：自動(dòng)化技術(shù)提高了許多行業(yè)的效率和生產(chǎn)力，但也導(dǎo)致了某些工作（特別是重復(fù)性、常規(guī)性工作）的流失，使得部分工人面臨技能不匹配的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。文章對(duì)自動(dòng)化持一種客觀中性的態(tài)度，既承認(rèn)其積極作用，也指出了其帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。解析思路：第四段討論了自動(dòng)化技術(shù)。首先提到其積極影響：“increasedefficiencyandproductivityinmanyindustries”（在許多行業(yè)提高了效率和生產(chǎn)力）。然后使用“however”轉(zhuǎn)折，指出其負(fù)面影響：“Jobsthatinvolverepetitivetasksandroutineactivitiesareparticularlyvulnerabletoautomation”（涉及重復(fù)任務(wù)和常規(guī)活動(dòng)的工作特別容易受到自動(dòng)化影響），并直接點(diǎn)明“joblosses”（工作流失）。同時(shí)，也提到了對(duì)工人的影響：“l(fā)imitedopportunitiesforcareergrowth”（職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)有限）。文章在第四段前半部分肯定了自動(dòng)化積極作用，后半部分指出了其負(fù)面影響，整體態(tài)度是客觀陳述其利弊，而非明確褒貶。考生需要概括自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的雙重影響，并理解文章的客觀立場(chǎng)。4.文章認(rèn)為，盡管面臨挑戰(zhàn)，變化的工作環(huán)境也帶來了哪些機(jī)遇？答案：變化