2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解真題還原：深度解析與解題技巧考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷一、Theriseofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedconsiderabledebateregardingitsimpactonthefutureofemployment.Whilesomeexpertspredictwidespreadjobdisplacement,particularlyinsectorsinvolvingroutinecognitivetasks,othersarguethatAIwillprimarilyaugmenthumancapabilities,leadingtothecreationofnewrolesandtransformingexistingjobmarketsratherthancausingextensiveunemployment.ThisessayexaminesthepotentialeffectsofAIonemployment,consideringboththechallengesandopportunitiesitpresents.ProponentsofAIoftenhighlightitscapacitytoenhanceproductivityandefficiencyacrossvariousindustries.Inmanufacturing,forinstance,AI-drivenrobotscanperformrepetitiveandphysicallydemandingtaskswithgreaterprecisionandspeedthanhumanworkers.Thiscouldleadtosignificantcostsavingsforbusinessesandpotentiallylowerconsumerprices.Similarly,intheservicesector,AIchatbotsandvirtualassistantscanhandlecustomerinquiries24/7,improvingserviceavailabilityandreducingtheneedforhumaninterventionincertainareas.Theseadvancementsmightfreeuphumanworkerstofocusonmorecomplex,creative,andinterpersonalaspectsoftheirjobs,therebyshiftingthenatureofworkratherthaneliminatingit.However,criticsexpressconcernthatthebenefitsofAImaynotbeevenlydistributedandcouldexacerbateexistinginequalities.TheskillsrequiredtoworkalongsideormanageAIsystemsmaydiffersignificantlyfromthoseneededfortraditionaljobs,potentiallywideningtheskillsgap.Workerswhosejobsarepredominantlymanualorinvolveroutinecognitivetasksmayfinditdifficulttoadapt,leadingtoincreasedunemploymentorunderemploymentinthesesectors.Furthermore,thedeploymentofAIcouldintensifycompetitionforhigh-skilledjobs,asindividualswiththenecessarytechnicalexpertisebecomemorevaluable.AnothersignificantchallengeistheethicalandsocietalimplicationsofAI-drivenautomation.Issuessuchasalgorithmicbias,jobsecurity,andthepotentialforincreasedsurveillanceandcontrolbycorporationsorgovernmentsneedcarefulconsideration.EnsuringthatthebenefitsofAIaresharedequitablyandthatthetransitiontoanAI-integratedworkforceismanagedresponsiblywillrequireproactivepoliciesandinternationalcooperation.Inconclusion,theimpactofAIonemploymentiscomplexandmultifaceted.Whileitholdsthepotentialtoboostproductivityandcreatenewopportunities,italsoposessignificantchallengesthatneedtobeaddressed.Policymakers,businesses,andeducatorsmustcollaboratetomitigatetherisksassociatedwithAIandtoequiptheworkforcewiththeskillsneededtothriveinanincreasinglyautomatedworld.ThefutureofworkwilllikelydependonourabilitytoharnessthebenefitsofAIwhilesafeguardingagainstitspotentialdownsides.二、Despitesignificantadvancementsinmedicaltechnologyoverthepastcentury,infectiousdiseasescontinuetoposeaseriousthreattoglobalhealth.Antibioticresistance,theabilityofbacteriatowithstandtreatmentwithantibiotics,hasemergedasaparticularlyalarmingchallenge,renderingmanyinfectionsdifficulttotreatandincreasingtheriskofwidespreadoutbreaks.Understandingthemechanismsbehindantibioticresistanceandexploringinnovativesolutionsarecrucialstepstowardmitigatingthisgrowingcrisis.Theprimarydriverofantibioticresistanceistheexcessiveandofteninappropriateuseofantibiotics.Whenantibioticsareusedtotreatviralinfections,whichtheycannotcombat,orwhentheyareadministeredimproperly(e.g.,incorrectdosage,incompletetreatmentcourses),bacteriaareexposedtosub-lethallevelsofthedrug.Thisexposureallowsresistantstrainstosurviveandmultiply,whilesusceptiblebacteriaarekilledoff.Overtime,theresistantbacteriacanbecomedominant,leadingtoinfectionsthatarehardertotreat.Additionally,theuseofantibioticsinagriculture,particularlyforpromotinggrowthinlivestock,contributestothespreadofresistantbacteriaintothehumanfoodchainandenvironment.Severalfactorsexacerbatetheproblemofantibioticresistance.Theslowpaceofdevelopmentfornewantibioticsmeansthatthearsenalofavailabletreatmentsislimited,andtheemergenceofresistancecanquicklyoutpacethecreationofnewdrugs.Globaltradeandtravelfacilitatetherapidspreadofresistantbacteriaacrossborders,makingcontainmenteffortschallenging.Moreover,inadequatesanitationandhygienepracticesinmanypartsoftheworldprovidefertilegroundforthetransmissionofinfectiousdiseases,includingresistantstrains.Addressingantibioticresistancerequiresamultifacetedapproach.Firstandforemost,improvingantibioticstewardshipisessential.Thisinvolvespromotingtheresponsibleuseofantibioticsinbothhumanmedicineandagriculture,educatinghealthcareprofessionalsandthepublicabouttheappropriateuseofthesedrugs,andimplementingstricterregulationsonantibioticuse.Second,investinginresearchanddevelopmentiscrucial.Effortsshouldfocusoncreatingnewantibioticswithnovelmechanismsofaction,aswellasexploringalternativetreatmentssuchasphagetherapy,bacteria-specificvirusesthatcantargetandkillresistantbacteria,andantimicrobialpeptides.Third,strengtheningsurveillancesystemstomonitorthespreadofresistantbacteriaandsharingdatainternationallycanhelpidentifyemergingthreatsandinformpublichealthresponses.Finally,improvingbasicsanitationandhygiene,particularlyinlow-incomecountries,cansignificantlyreducetheincidenceofinfectiousdiseasesandlimittheselectivepressureforresistance.Combatingantibioticresistanceisaglobalimperativethatrequirescoordinatedactionfromgovernments,healthcareinstitutions,researchers,andthepublic.Byimplementingthesestrategies,wecanslowthespreadofresistantbacteria,preservetheeffectivenessofexistingantibiotics,anddevelopnewtoolstofightinfectiousdiseases,ultimatelysafeguardingglobalhealthforfuturegenerations.三、Theincreasingglobalizationofculturehasledtobothexcitingopportunitiesforcross-culturalexchangeandsignificantconcernsaboutculturalhomogenization.Asideas,goods,andpeoplemovemorefreelyacrossborders,thetraditionalculturalpracticesofmanycommunitiesfacethethreatoferosion.Thisphenomenonraisesimportantquestionsaboutthevalueofculturaldiversityandtheneedtopreservelocaltraditionsinanincreasinglyinterconnectedworld.Proponentsofculturalglobalizationarguethatitfostersunderstandingandtolerancebetweendifferentsocieties.Throughexposuretoforeignculturesviamedia,travel,andtheinternet,peoplecangaininsightsintodifferentwaysoflife,values,andperspectives.Thisexchangecanbreakdownstereotypes,reduceprejudice,andpromoteamoreinclusiveglobalcommunity.Moreover,culturalglobalizationcanprovideeconomicbenefits,astheexchangeofculturalproductssuchasfood,music,andartcreatesnewmarketsandopportunitiesforculturalindustries.However,criticscontendthatculturalglobalizationcanleadtothedominanceofWesternculture,particularlyAmericanculture,overothertraditions.Thisdominance,theyargue,canresultintheerosionoflocallanguages,customs,andtraditions,asyoungergenerationsadoptthenormsandvaluesofthedominantculture.Theproliferationofglobalbrands,media,andentertainmentcandrownoutlocalvoicesandlimitthevisibilityofdiverseculturalexpressions.Thisphenomenon,oftenreferredtoas"culturalimperialism,"raisesconcernsaboutthelossofculturaldiversityandthepotentialforsocialandculturalconflict.Preservingculturaldiversityinthefaceofglobalizationrequiresconsciouseffortstosupportandpromotelocaltraditions.Governmentsandcommunitiescanplayacrucialrolebyinvestinginculturaleducationprograms,documentingandpreservingintangibleculturalheritagesuchasoraltraditionsandperformingarts,andprovidingsupportforlocalartistsandculturalindustries.Additionally,promotingmultilingualismandsupportingtheuseoflocallanguagesineducation,media,andpubliclifecanhelpstrengthenculturalidentity.Encouragingresponsibleconsumptionandsupportinglocallyproducedculturalgoodscanalsocontributetothesustainabilityoflocaltraditions.Furthermore,fosteringcross-culturaldialogueandcollaborationcanhelpensurethatdiverseculturalperspectivesarevaluedandrespectedinaglobalizedworld.Inconclusion,culturalglobalizationpresentsbothopportunitiesandchallengesforthepreservationofculturaldiversity.Whileitcanpromoteunderstandingandeconomicbenefits,italsoposestheriskofculturalhomogenizationandtheerosionoflocaltraditions.Byrecognizingthevalueofculturaldiversityandimplementingstrategiestosupportlocaltraditions,wecannavigatethecomplexitiesofculturalglobalizationandcreateafuturewherediverseculturalexpressionsthrivealongsidethebenefitsofglobalexchange.四、Theincreasingprevalenceofdigitaltechnologyhasprofoundlytransformedthewaywecommunicate,work,andconsumeinformation.Whilethebenefitsofdigitaltechnologyareundeniable,itsimpactonhumanrelationshipsandsocialinteractioncannotbeoverlooked.Theriseofsocialmediaplatforms,instantmessagingapps,andonlinecollaborationtoolshasmadecommunicationmoreconvenientandaccessiblethaneverbefore,yetithasalsoraisedconcernsaboutthepotentialnegativeeffectsonface-to-faceinteractionandthequalityofourrelationships.Oneoftheprimarybenefitsofdigitaltechnologyisitsabilitytoconnectpeopleacrossvastdistances.Socialmediaplatformsallowustomaintainrelationshipswithfriendsandfamilywholivefaraway,shareupdatesaboutourlives,andparticipateinonlinecommunitieswithsharedinterests.Instantmessagingappsenablereal-timecommunication,makingiteasiertocoordinateplansandstayconnectedthroughouttheday.Thesetoolshavemadeitpossibletomaintainandexpandoursocialnetworksinwaysthatwerepreviouslyunimaginable.However,theconvenienceofdigitalcommunicationcanalsoleadtoadeclineinface-to-faceinteraction.Asmorecommunicationmovesonline,peoplemayspendlesstimeengaginginmeaningfulconversationsandactivitiesinperson.Thiscanleadtoasenseofdetachmentfromothersandadeclineinthedevelopmentofimportantsocialskillssuchasempathy,non-verbalcommunication,andconflictresolution.Additionally,thecuratednatureofonlineprofilesandsocialmediapostscancreateunrealisticexpectationsandcomparisons,leadingtofeelingsofinadequacyandsocialanxiety.Theimpactofdigitaltechnologyonworkandproductivityisalsosignificant.Digitaltoolshavemadeitpossibleforpeopletoworkremotely,collaborateonprojectsinreal-time,andaccessinformationfromanywhereintheworld.Thisflexibilitycanleadtoincreasedproductivityandwork-lifebalanceformanyindividuals.However,theboundariesbetweenworkandpersonallifecanbecomeblurred,asdigitaltechnologyallowspeopletobeconstantlyconnectedandavailable.Thiscanleadtoburnoutandadeclineinoverallwell-being.Addressingthenegativeimpactsofdigitaltechnologyrequiresaconsciousefforttobalanceonlineandofflineinteractions.Itisimportanttoprioritizeface-to-facecommunicationandmaketimeformeaningfulinteractionswithfriends,family,andcolleagues.Settingboundariesaroundtechnologyuse,suchasdesignatingtechnology-freetimesandspaces,canhelpreducethenegativeeffectsofconstantconnectivity.Additionally,educatorsandparentsplayacrucialroleinteachingdigitalcitizenshipskillsandpromotinghealthytechnologyhabitsfromayoungage.Inconclusion,digitaltechnologyhashadaprofoundimpactonhumanrelationshipsandsocialinteraction.Whileithasmadecommunicationmoreconvenientandaccessible,ithasalsoraisedconcernsaboutthepotentialnegativeeffectsonface-to-faceinteractionandthequalityofourrelationships.Bybeingmindfulofhowweusedigitaltechnologyandmakingaconsciousefforttobalanceonlineandofflineinteractions,wecanharnessthebenefitsofthesetoolswhileminimizingtheirpotentialdownsidesandfosteringhealthy,meaningfulrelationshipsinanincreasinglydigitalworld.試卷答案一、1.ThemainideaofthepassageisthattheimpactofAIonemploymentiscomplexandmultifaceted,presentingbothopportunitiesandchallenges.*解析思路：首先通讀全文，文章從AI對就業(yè)的兩種對立觀點開始，接著分別論述了AI可能帶來的好處（提高生產(chǎn)力、創(chuàng)造新角色）和壞處（加劇不平等、技能差距、倫理問題）。最后總結指出，AI對就業(yè)的影響是復雜且多方面的，需要積極應對。主旨題應關注文章的核心論點，即AI影響的兩面性。選項A、C、D都只涵蓋了文章的部分內(nèi)容，未能全面概括。選項B準確反映了文章的整體觀點。2.AccordingtoproponentsofAI,oneofthebenefitsofAIisthatitcanfreeuphumanworkerstofocusonmorecomplextasks.*解析思路：定位到文章第二段“ProponentsofAIoftenhighlightitscapacitytoenhanceproductivity...Thiscouldleadtosignificantcostsavings...andpotentiallylowerconsumerprices.Similarly,intheservicesector...Theseadvancementsmightfreeuphumanworkerstofocusonmorecomplex,creative,andinterpersonalaspectsoftheirjobs,therebyshiftingthenatureofworkratherthaneliminatingit.”該段明確指出，支持者認為AI可以提高生產(chǎn)力，并可能使人類工人從更復雜、有創(chuàng)造性和人際交往方面的工作中解放出來。選項A、C、D與該觀點不符或未提及。選項B準確概括了原文信息。3.ThepassagesuggeststhatasignificantchallengeassociatedwithAIisthewideningskillsgap.*解析思路：定位到文章第三段“However,criticsexpressconcernthatthebenefitsofAImaynotbeevenlydistributedandcouldexacerbateexistinginequalities.TheskillsrequiredtoworkalongsideormanageAIsystemsmaydiffersignificantlyfromthoseneededfortraditionaljobs,potentiallywideningtheskillsgap.”該段指出，批評者認為AI的益處可能分布不均，加劇現(xiàn)有不平等，并可能導致技能差距擴大。選項A、C、D未在原文中提及。選項B準確反映了原文關于技能差距的觀點。4.TheauthorimpliesthatensuringtheequitablebenefitsofAIrequiresinternationalcooperation.*解析思路：定位到文章第三段末句和第四段開頭“Furthermore,thedeploymentofAIcouldintensifycompetition...EnsuringthatthebenefitsofAIaresharedequitablyandthatthetransitiontoanAI-integratedworkforceismanagedresponsiblywillrequireproactivepoliciesandinternationalcooperation.”作者在論述AI部署的挑戰(zhàn)和應對策略時，明確提到確保AI惠及公平和負責任地管理勞動力轉型需要積極的政策和國際合作。選項A、C、D過于絕對或未提及。選項B準確把握了原文中隱含的意思。二、1.Thepassageidentifiesantibioticresistanceasaseriousthreattoglobalhealthduetotheexcessiveandofteninappropriateuseofantibiotics.*解析思路：首段指出“Despitesignificantadvancementsinmedicaltechnology...infectiousdiseasescontinuetoposeaseriousthreattoglobalhealth.Antibioticresistance,theabilityofbacteriatowithstandtreatmentwithantibiotics,hasemergedasaparticularlyalarmingchallenge...”明確指出抗生素耐藥性是全球健康的一個嚴重威脅。接著第一段詳細解釋了主要原因——抗生素的過度和不恰當使用。選項A、C、D只涉及部分內(nèi)容。選項B準確概括了文章的核心觀點。2.Onefactorthatexacerbatestheproblemofantibioticresistanceistheslowpaceofdevelopmentfornewantibiotics.*解析思路：定位到文章第二段“Severalfactorsexacerbatetheproblemofantibioticresistance.Theslowpaceofdevelopmentfornewantibioticsmeansthatthearsenalofavailabletreatmentsislimited,andtheemergenceofresistancecanquicklyoutpacethecreationofnewdrugs.”該段明確指出，新抗生素開發(fā)緩慢是加劇抗生素耐藥性問題的一個因素。選項A、C、D與原文所述因素不符。選項B準確反映了原文信息。3.Thepassagesuggeststhatthespreadofresistantbacteriaisfacilitatedbyglobaltradeandtravel.*解析思路：定位到文章第二段“Globaltradeandtravelfacilitatetherapidspreadofresistantbacteriaacrossborders,makingcontainmenteffortschallenging.”該段明確提到，全球貿(mào)易和旅行促進了耐藥細菌的跨境快速傳播。選項A、C、D未提及。選項B準確概括了原文信息。4.Toaddressantibioticresistance,thepassagerecommendsinvestinginresearchanddevelopmentfornewantibioticsandalternativetreatments.*解析思路：定位到文章第三段“Addressingantibioticresistancerequiresamultifacetedapproach.Firstandforemost,improvingantibioticstewardshipisessential...Second,investinginresearchanddevelopmentiscrucial.Effortsshouldfocusoncreatingnewantibioticswithnovelmechanismsofaction,aswellasexploringalternativetreatmentssuchasphagetherapy...”該段明確建議通過改善抗生素管理、投資研發(fā)新抗生素和替代療法來應對抗生素耐藥性。選項A、C、D只涵蓋了部分建議。選項B全面概括了原文提出的兩項關鍵措施。三、1.Thepassagehighlightsthatculturalglobalizationcanfosterunderstandingandtolerancebetweendifferentsocietiesthroughexposuretoforeigncultures.*解析思路：定位到文章第一段“Proponentsofculturalglobalizationarguethatitfostersunderstandingandtolerancebetweendifferentsocieties.Throughexposuretoforeignculturesviamedia,travel,andtheinternet,peoplecangaininsightsintodifferentwaysoflife,values,andperspectives.Thisexchangecanbreakdownstereotypes,reduceprejudice,andpromoteamoreinclusiveglobalcommunity.”該段明確指出，支持者認為文化全球化可以通過接觸外國文化促進不同社會間的理解和寬容。選項A、C、D與原文觀點不符或未提及。選項B準確概括了原文信息。2.Accordingtocritics,asignificantconcernaboutculturalglobalizationistheerosionoflocaltraditionsduetothedominanceofWesternculture.*解析思路：定位到文章第二段“However,criticscontendthatculturalglobalizationcanleadtothedominanceofWesternculture,particularlyAmericanculture,overothertraditions.Thisdominance,theyargue,canresultintheerosionoflocallanguages,customs,andtraditions,asyoungergenerationsadoptthenormsandvaluesofthedominantculture.”該段明確指出，批評者認為文化全球化會導致西方文化（特別是美國文化）的主導，從而導致地方傳統(tǒng)的侵蝕。選項A、C、D與原文觀點不符。選項B準確概括了原文信息。3.Topreserveculturaldiversity,thepassagesuggeststhatgovernmentsandcommunitiesshouldinvestinculturaleducationprogramsandsupportlocalartists.*解析思路：定位到文章第三段“Preservingculturaldiversityinthefaceofglobalizationrequiresconsciouseffortstosupportandpromotelocaltraditions.Governmentsandcommunitiescanplayacrucialrolebyinvestinginculturaleducationprograms,documentingandpreservingintangibleculturalheritagesuchasoraltraditionsandperformingarts,andprovidingsupportforlocalartistsandculturalindustries.”該段明確建議政府和社會應投資文化教育項目，記錄和保存非物質文化遺產(chǎn)，并支持本地藝術家和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)。選項A、C、D只涵蓋了部分建議。選項B準確概括了原文提出的兩項措施。4.Thepassageimpliesthatfosteringcross-culturaldialogueisimportantforrespectingdiverseculturalperspectivesinaglobalizedworld.*解析思路：定位到文章第三段末句“Encouragingresponsibleconsumptionandsupportinglocallyproducedculturalgoodscanalsocontributetothesustainabilityoflocaltraditions.Furthermore,fosteringcross-culturaldialogueandcollaborationcanhelpensurethatdiverseculturalperspectivesarevaluedandrespectedinaglobalizedworld.”作者在提出支持本地傳統(tǒng)措施后，提到促進跨文化對話和合作有助于在全球化世界中尊重多元文化視角。選項A、C、D過于絕對或未提及。選項B準確把握了原文中隱含的意思。四、1.Oneoftheprimarybenefitsofdigitaltechnologyisitsabilitytoconnectpeopleacrossvastdistancesviasocialmediaandinstantmessagingapps.*解析思路：定位到文章第一段“Proponentsofdigitaltechnologyarguethatitfostersunderstandingandtolerancebetweendifferentsocieties.Throughexposuretoforeignculturesviamedia,travel,andtheinternet,peoplecangaininsightsintodifferentwaysoflife...socialmediaplatformsallowustomaintainrelationshipswithfriendsandfamilywholivefaraway,shareupdatesabout