專(zhuān)題20完形填空說(shuō)明文、議論文考點(diǎn)十年考情（2015-2024）命題趨勢(shì)說(shuō)明文+議論文（10年4篇）2022年：3篇-2022全國(guó)乙卷（兒童捉迷藏行為的心理學(xué)研究）-2022浙江卷6月（信任在親子與職場(chǎng)中的重要性）2016年：1篇-2016上海卷（管理理論X、Y及現(xiàn)代管理趨勢(shì)）1.題材聚焦社會(huì)科學(xué)與生活哲理：多圍繞心理學(xué)現(xiàn)象（如兒童行為研究）、人際關(guān)系（如信任的重要性）、管理理念等，結(jié)合生活實(shí)際與學(xué)術(shù)視角，兼具科學(xué)性與思辨性。2.結(jié)構(gòu)注重邏輯與論證層次：說(shuō)明文多采用“提出問(wèn)題—分析解釋—得出結(jié)論”的結(jié)構(gòu)，議論文則以“論點(diǎn)—論據(jù)—結(jié)論”展開(kāi)，通過(guò)舉例、對(duì)比等方式強(qiáng)化邏輯，設(shè)空側(cè)重句間銜接（如因果、轉(zhuǎn)折）。3.考查重點(diǎn)偏向抽象詞義與邏輯詞：高頻考查抽象名詞（如belief、trust）、動(dòng)詞（如comprehend、develop）及連接詞（如similarly、however），強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)語(yǔ)境中抽象概念和邏輯關(guān)系的理解。4.語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)客觀：用詞精準(zhǔn)規(guī)范，避免口語(yǔ)化表達(dá)，常出現(xiàn)學(xué)科相關(guān)詞匯（如egocentric、empowerment），要求考生結(jié)合上下文推斷詞義，理解專(zhuān)業(yè)概念。5.融入跨場(chǎng)景應(yīng)用與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義：將理論知識(shí)與生活場(chǎng)景（如育兒、職場(chǎng)管理）結(jié)合，引導(dǎo)考生思考社會(huì)現(xiàn)象與人文哲理，體現(xiàn)學(xué)以致用的導(dǎo)向。完形填空說(shuō)明文、議論文2024年Cloze1【2022年全國(guó)乙卷】Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there’ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout___21___someoneelse’sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably___22___athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies___23___.Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas___24___asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour___25___researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology___26___thatidea.Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each___27___satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor___28___.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould___29___orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn’t.Thesame___30___happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:___31___childrensaidthattheycouldn’t___32___toher.Anumberof___33___ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects___34___thequestionsandknew___35___whatwasaskedofthem.Their___36___tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue___37___that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”Theysimply___38___mutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.Our___39___suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod___40___whenothersuseit.21.A.following B.taking C.escaping D.directing22.A.clever B.bad C.scared D.quick23.A.exposed B.examined C.untouched D.imbalanced24.A.supported B.guaranteed C.imagined D.interpreted25.A.disappointing B.mixed C.surprising D.desired26.A.explained B.confirmed C.contradicted D.tested27.A.parent B.child C.researcher D.doctor28.A.feet B.nose C.hands D.ears29.A.see B.help C.reach D.fool30.A.event B.thing C.action D.accident31.A.Yet B.Now C.Soon D.Once32.A.speak B.listen C.turn D.wave33.A.instructions B.descriptions C.experiments D.assumptions34.A.comprehended B.predicted C.explored D.ignored35.A.partly B.honestly C.vaguely D.exactly36.A.responses B.approaches C.contribution D.sensitivity37.A.ability B.belief C.identity D.purpose38.A.holdback B.relateto C.insiston D.makeup39.A.limitations B.requirements C.theories D.findings40.A.tentative B.impressive C.creative D.effectiveCloze2【2022年浙江卷6月】Smallchildrenareeasytothrowupintheairandcatch-andthey___16___it.“Again,Daddy,again!”JackyshoutsasIthrowhimskywardsandcatchhimonthewaybackdownagain.Hethrowshisarmsandlegsout___17___hewereflying,hiseyeswidewith___18___.Histrustinmeis___19___whichisquiteanicefeeling,butatthesametimegivesmeahugesenseof___20___.IhopeJackywillalwaystrustmefully,butIknowthat,ashegets___21___,itwillneedmoreeffortandsoundjudgment____22____.Trustissuchanimportantpartofa___23___relationshipthatit’ssomethingthatcan’t___24___tolose.EverytimeI___25___Jackytosomethingnew,he’lldoitonlybecausehetrustsmeandfeels___26___intheknowledgethathewon’tgethurt.___27___,teachingJackytoswimmeanshehasto___28___that,whenhe’sswimminginthebigpool,I’llcometohisrescueifhisdoggypaddleletshimdown.___29___intheworkplace,trustisimportantforstrong___30___.Itissomethingthateverymanagershouldworkhardto___31___amongtheirteam.Ifpeopledon’ttrustyou,they’reunlikelyto___32___yourdirectionsandwillinglybecomealoyal(忠誠(chéng))teammember.A___33___oftrustcanmakepeopleworkagainstyouratherthanforyou.Attheveryleast,itmeansthatpeoplearenotgoingtobe___34___youtheirbest.Good___35___,likegoodparenting,isalong-termcommitment.16.A.deserve B.miss C.love D.know17.A.asif B.incase C.eventhough D.sothat18.A.fear B.excitement C.doubt D.astonishment19.A.reasonable B.limited C.absolute D.important20.A.relief B.satisfaction C.achievement D.responsibility21.A.older B.busier C.quieter D.healthier22.A.onmybehalf B.onmypart C.inmyhonor D.inmyname23.A.long-distance B.high-risk C.parent-child D.teacher-student24.A.afford B.choose C.wait D.expect25.A.attach B.compare C.adjust D.introduce26.A.safe B.happy C.proud D.grateful27.A.Aboveall B.Inaddition C.Atfirst D.Forexample28.A.admit B.believe C.suggest D.imagine29.A.However B.Therefore C.Similarly D.Fortunately30.A.affection B.determination C.friendship D.leadership31.A.assess B.organize C.develop D.understand32.A.repeat B.follow C.change D.forget33.A.gesture B.measure C.bond D.lack34.A.telling B.giving C.selling D.sending35.A.management B.personality C.communication D.educationCloze3【2022年浙江卷6月】Smallchildrenareeasytothrowupintheairandcatch-andthey___16___it.“Again,Daddy,again!”JackyshoutsasIthrowhimskywardsandcatchhimonthewaybackdownagain.Hethrowshisarmsandlegsout___17___hewereflying,hiseyeswidewith___18___.Histrustinmeis___19___whichisquiteanicefeeling,butatthesametimegivesmeahugesenseof___20___.IhopeJackywillalwaystrustmefully,butIknowthat,ashegets___21___,itwillneedmoreeffortandsoundjudgment____22____.Trustissuchanimportantpartofa___23___relationshipthatit’ssomethingthatcan’t___24___tolose.EverytimeI___25___Jackytosomethingnew,he’lldoitonlybecausehetrustsmeandfeels___26___intheknowledgethathewon’tgethurt.___27___,teachingJackytoswimmeanshehasto___28___that,whenhe’sswimminginthebigpool,I’llcometohisrescueifhisdoggypaddleletshimdown.___29___intheworkplace,trustisimportantforstrong___30___.Itissomethingthateverymanagershouldworkhardto___31___amongtheirteam.Ifpeopledon’ttrustyou,they’reunlikelyto___32___yourdirectionsandwillinglybecomealoyal(忠誠(chéng))teammember.A___33___oftrustcanmakepeopleworkagainstyouratherthanforyou.Attheveryleast,itmeansthatpeoplearenotgoingtobe___34___youtheirbest.Good___35___,likegoodparenting,isalong-termcommitment.16.A.deserve B.miss C.love D.know17.A.asif B.incase C.eventhough D.sothat18.A.fear B.excitement C.doubt D.astonishment19.A.reasonable B.limited C.absolute D.important20.A.relief B.satisfaction C.achievement D.responsibility21.A.older B.busier C.quieter D.healthier22.A.onmybehalf B.onmypart C.inmyhonor D.inmyname23.A.long-distance B.high-risk C.parent-child D.teacher-student24.A.afford B.choose C.wait D.expect25.A.attach B.compare C.adjust D.introduce26.A.safe B.happy C.proud D.grateful27.A.Aboveall B.Inaddition C.Atfirst D.Forexample28.A.admit B.believe C.suggest D.imagine29.A.However B.Therefore C.Similarly D.Fortunately30.A.affection B.determination C.friendship D.leadership31.A.assess B.organize C.develop D.understand32.A.repeat B.follow C.change D.forget33.A.gesture B.measure C.bond D.lack34.A.telling B.giving C.selling D.sending35.A.management B.personality C.communication D.education2016年完形填空說(shuō)明文、議論文Cloze1【2016年上海卷】Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively51workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe52,manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,53,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom54withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian(專(zhuān)制的)managers.Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof55people.Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,—allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto56tothisprocess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral57.Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional58managerscannot.Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout59managersfirst.Thisempowerment(授權(quán))hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing:60thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterde-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe61withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation(委托)muchfurtherthanhas62beenthecase.Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto63thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableunderthen