Unit1-單元過關(guān)測試卷第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWelcometoTampaVolleyballSummerCampsAllSkillsCampAnall-skillclinic(培訓(xùn)班)forbeginningthroughadvancedlevels.AllCamperswillbegroupedwithcampersofasimilarskilllevel.Throughoutthiscampwecoverallindividualskills(passing,setting,serving,attacking,blockingandfloordefense).Nightsessionsaregenerallydevotedtoteamtrainingandcompetition.Dates:June29-July2Recommendedage:10to18;12yearsoldforresident(住宿)campers.Recommendedlevel:alllevels.Fees:$355foreachcommuter(通勤者)(T-shirt,lunchanddinnerareincluded.)$405foreachresident(T-shirt,housing,breakfast,lunchanddinnerareincluded.)Commutercampers:Allcommutercamperscancheckincloserto5:30pm.Sincetheydonothavetomoveanythingintothedorms.Check-inwillstillbeheldatthecampdormforallcampers.Aftercheck-in,allpick-upsanddrops-offswillbelocatedattheMartinezSportsCenter.Werecommendbeingdroppedoff30minutesbeforethestartofthedayandthecampwillendontimeeachevening.Residentcampers:Allresidentcamperswillstayinasecuredormwhereakeycardisneededtoenter.Dependingonthedormsweuse,camperscanstay2,3,or4toaroom.Residentcamperswillbeexpectedtofollowallpostedcamprules.Anyfailuretofollowcampruleswillresultinthecamperbeingsenthomeimmediately.Foodservice:Allcamperswillbefedinthedininghall.Therewillalsobeacampstorewherecamperscanbuyfoodanddrinkaftertheeveningsession.Ourschedule:Wake-upandbreakfast7:45amCommuterdrop-offat8:30amMartinezSportsCenterTrainingsession9:00-11:30amLunch11:45am-12:45pmTrainingsession1:30-4:30pmDinner4:45-6:00pmTrainingsession6:30-9:00pmCommuterpick-upat9:00pmMartinezSportsCenterBedchecks10:30pmLightsout11:00pm1．WhatcanbelearnedaboutAllSkillsCamp?A．Itisintendedfordifferentlevelsofcampers.B．Itwilllastforaslongasawholemonth.C．There’snotrainingsessionatnight.D．Therearethreetypesofcampers.2．Whatisrequiredofcommutercampers?A．Theymustbeovertheageof12.B．Theymustpay$405fortraining.C．Theyneedtobedroppedoffat7:30am.D．Theyneedtocheckinatthecampdorm.3．Howlongwillacamperbetrainedeveryday?A．2.5hours. B．3hours. C．5hours D．8hours.【答案】1．A2．D3．D【分析】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章向讀者介紹一個面向所有能力水平的露營者的培訓(xùn)班——AllSkillsCamp。1．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Anall-skillclinic(培訓(xùn)班)forbeginningthroughadvancedlevels.AllCamperswillbegroupedwithcampersofasimilarskilllevel.”（一個為初學(xué)者到高階水平的所有能力水平的培訓(xùn)班。所有的露營者都會被分到和自己類似能力水平的露營群里。）可知，AllSkillsCamp是為所有能力水平的露營者提供的培訓(xùn)班。故選A。2．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Commutercampers部分“Allcommutercamperscancheckincloserto5:30pm.”（所有通勤露營者們能夠在接近5點(diǎn)30分時登記入住。）可知，通勤露營者們需要登記入住寢室。故選D。3．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一部分“Trainingsession9:00-11:30am”，“Trainingsession1:30-4:30pm”和“Trainingsession6:30-9:00pm”可計(jì)算出訓(xùn)練時間總共8個小時。故選D。BInearlySeptember,SallyandJonWatkinsonfoundsomethingunusualontheirdog’sback.Ababypossum(負(fù)鼠)heldontothecoatoftheirdog,Kato.“Katoseemedtobarelynoticeitwasthere,”SallypostedonFacebook.“It’smostsurprisingthatKatowasnotbarkingmadlyatit.”Thecouplespentthedaysearchingforasafeplacetodropoffthepossum.Afterlookingforwildliferescueorganizations,theyeventuallybroughttheirdogintothevetwiththeanimalstillattached.Thevetstaffremovedthebaby,whichtheydeterminedtobealittlegirl,toawildlifecareer.Althoughwildliferescuersaretryingtolocatethebaby’smother,theyhavebeenunsuccessfulsofar.Onlyadaylater,ithappenedagain—onthesamedog.“UPDATE!!!Ithappenedagain!!!”SallyupdatedonFacebook.“TodayIfoundKatoagainwithanotherbabypossum,thistimeonhisactualback.”AccordingtoSally,thispossumseemedtobediggingintoKatomore,butagainthedogdidn’tseemtomind.“Thistime,thevetnursenearlyfelloffherchairwhenweturnedup,”Sallysaid.Inherpost,Sallyaddedthattheinitialpossumwasdoingwell.Thesecondpossumwasaboywhowasalsosenttoawildlifeshelter.Accordingtothenurse,possumsusuallydeliverbabiesoftwoorthree,sotheWatkinsonsneedtokeeptheireyesopenforathirdpossumrider.Inthecomments,Sallysaidthatshethinksthepossumwillbeokay.“He’sprobablynotquiteweaned(斷奶)yetbutseemedwellenoughandwasstrugglingonfordearlife,”shewrote.“Ithinkhefoundtherightdogforthat.Commentersaddedthatthiswasn’tthefirsttimeadoghadadoptedapossum.Dogownerstoldstoriesofpossums“riding”theirdogsandfollowingtheirdogsaround.Ifyouownadog,checkitsfurforpossibleriders.4．Whatdidthedogsurpriseitsmastersmost?A．Itbehavedlikeafool.B．Ittreatedapossumasitsenemy.C．Itdidn’twanttoleavethepossum.D．Itwasverycalmwithapossumattached.5．Howdidthenursereacttothesecondpossumonthedog?A．Shecouldhardlybelievehereyes.B．Sheburstintolaughter.C．Shewasnearlyscaredtodeath.D．Shekeptcalm.6．Whatdidthenurseremindthecoupleof?A．Thedogmightharmanotherpossum.B．Amotherpossummightvisit.C．Thecouplemightaskforadviceagain.D．Athirdpossummightappear.7．Whatdidthecommentersthinkofthisevent?A．Familiar. B．Serious. C．Unusual. D．Mysterious.【答案】4．D5．A6．D7．A【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講的是負(fù)鼠騎在薩莉家的狗的背上，獸醫(yī)把負(fù)鼠取了下來，后來又有了一只負(fù)鼠，薩莉把此事發(fā)布在了Facebook上。4．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“It’smostsurprisingthatKatowasnotbarkingmadlyatit.（最令人驚訝的是加藤并沒有對它狂叫。）”可知，這只狗最使主人吃驚的是有負(fù)鼠在它的背上，它還很平靜。故選D。5．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thistime,thevetnursenearlyfelloffherchairwhenweturnedup（這次，當(dāng)我們出現(xiàn)時，獸醫(yī)護(hù)士差點(diǎn)從椅子上摔下來）”可知，護(hù)士對狗身上的第二只負(fù)鼠的反應(yīng)是她簡直不敢相信自己的眼睛，故選A。6．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“Accordingtothenurse,possumsusuallydeliverbabiesoftwoorthree,sotheWatkinsonsneedtokeeptheireyesopenforathirdpossumrider.（根據(jù)護(hù)士的說法，負(fù)鼠通常會生兩到三個寶寶，所以沃特金森一家需要留意第三個負(fù)鼠騎手。）”可知，護(hù)士提醒了這對夫婦第三只負(fù)鼠可能會出現(xiàn)。故選D。7．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Commentersaddedthatthiswasn’tthefirsttimeadoghadadoptedapossum.Dogownerstoldstoriesofpossums“riding”theirdogsandfollowingtheirdogsaround.（評論者補(bǔ)充說，這不是第一次狗收養(yǎng)負(fù)鼠了。狗的主人講了負(fù)鼠“騎”他們的狗和跟著他們的狗的故事。）”可知，評論者認(rèn)為這件事是熟悉的，故選A。CItwaswidelybelievedthat,inordertogetthefirstlanguagesofftheground,ourancestorsfirstneededawaytocreatenovelsignalsthatcouldbeunderstoodbyothers,relyingonvisualsignswhoseformwasdirectlysimilartotheintendedmeaning.Somegesturescanbeunderstoodalmostanywhere:pointingtodirectsomeone’sattention,forinstance.However,aninternationalresearchteam,ledbyexpertsfromtheUniversityofBirminghamandtheLeibniz-CentreGeneralLinguistics(ZAS),Berlin,havediscoveredthatcertainvocalizations(發(fā)聲法)canalsobeiconicandrecognizabletopeoplearoundtheworld—evenwhenaspeakerisnotsimplyimitatingawell-knownsound.Thesefindings,publishedinScientificReports,mayhelpexplaintheriseofmodernspokenlanguage.In2015,languageresearcherschallengedsomeEnglishspeakerstomakeupsoundsrepresentingvariousbasicconcepts(“sleep”,“child”,“meat”,“rock”,andmore).WhenotherEnglishspeakerslistenedtothesesoundsandtriedmatchingthemtoconcepts,theywerelargelysuccessful.But“wewantedtobeabletoshowthatthesevocalizationsareunderstandableacrosscultures,”saysstudyco-authorandUniversityofBirminghamcognitivescientistMarcusPerlman.SoPerlmanandhiscolleaguesconductedonlineandin-personexperimentsinsevencountries,fromMoroccotoBrazil.Theyrecruitedmorethan900participants,whospokeatotalof28languages,tolistentothebest-understoodvocalizationsfromthe2015investigationandselectmatchingconceptsfromasetofwordsorimages.Vocalizationsthatcalledforthwell-knownsounds—forexample,drippingwater—performedbest.Butmanyotherswerealsounderstoodatratessignificantlyabovechanceacrossalllanguagestested,theteamfound.“Thereisanotabledegreeofsuccessoutsideofjustonomatopoeia(象聲詞),”Perlmansays.Thisislikelybecausecertainpatternsrelatedtosoundareuniversal,theteamsuggests.Forexample,shortandbasicsoundsoftenconveytheconceptof“one”andrepeatedsoundsaretypicallyassociatedwith“many”.Likewise,low-pitchedsoundsaccompanysomethingbig,andhigh-pitchedsoundsconveysmallsize.Thesefindingsof“iconic”soundscouldhelpscientistsunderstandhowhumanancestorsstartedusingrichacoustic(傳音的)communication,saysco-authorAleksandra?wiek,alinguistattheLeibniz-CenterGeneralLinguisticsinBerlin.Thehumanvoice,shesays,might“affordenoughiconicitytogetlanguageofftheground.”UniversityofTübingenlinguistMatthiasUrban,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,agrees.“It’sunclearhowwordscameintobeinginthefirstplace,”hesays.Iconicvocalizationsare“potentiallyonepathwaythatcouldhavebeeninvolved.”8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“iconic”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Symbolic. B．Comic. C．Magic. D．Classic.9．ThefindingofPerlman’sresearchmay________.A．wellexplaintheriseofEnglishcultureB．throwlightontheoriginofspokenlanguageC．demonstratethatonomatopoeiamaybepopularD．showhowourancestorsimitateunknownsounds10．Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentsinthispassage?A．TheEnglishlanguageisuniversallyunderstood. B．Soundpatternsmayberelatedtotheirmeanings.C．Signlanguageappearedearlierthanspokenlanguage. D．Wordswereevolvedfromvocalizationsinancienttimes.11．Whichmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．FromHandtoMouth:TheOriginsofLanguageB．IconicVocalizationsareCreatedforCommunicationC．Made-upSoundsConveyMeaningsacrossCulturesD．HowLanguageBegan:GestureandSpeechinEvolution【答案】8．A9．B10．B11．D【分析】本文是說明文。文章主要是在講述一群語言研究者們通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人類語言從肢體語言到現(xiàn)代口語的演變。8．【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)這句話“certainvocalizations(發(fā)聲法)canalsobeiconicandrecognizabletopeoplearoundtheworld”（特定的發(fā)聲法也可能是iconic的，并且能夠被全球人辨別出來的。）可知，這些發(fā)聲法對全球人來說都是可以被辨別的，說明是有特征的，所以劃線單詞是指“符號性的，有標(biāo)識的”，與“Symbolic”同義。故選A。9．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thesefindings,publishedinScientificReports,mayhelpexplaintheriseofmodernspokenlanguage.”（這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，被發(fā)表在《科學(xué)報告》期刊上，也許可以幫助解釋現(xiàn)代口語語言的出現(xiàn)。）可知，Perlman的研究結(jié)果可以讓人們明白口語語言的起源。故選B。10．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Thisislikelybecausecertainpatternsrelatedtosoundareuniversal,theteamsuggests.Forexample,shortandbasicsoundsoftenconveytheconceptof“one”andrepeatedsoundsaretypicallyassociatedwith“many”.Likewise,low-pitchedsoundsaccompanysomethingbig,andhigh-pitchedsoundsconveysmallsize.Thesefindingsof“iconic”soundscouldhelpscientistsunderstandhowhumanancestorsstartedusingrichacoustic(傳音的)communication,saysco-authorAleksandra?wiek,alinguistattheLeibniz-CenterGeneralLinguisticsinBerlin.Thehumanvoice,shesays,might“affordenoughiconicitytogetlanguageofftheground.””（研究小組認(rèn)為，這可能是因?yàn)榕c聲音相關(guān)的某些模式是普遍存在的。例如，短而基本的聲音通常傳達(dá)“一”的概念，重復(fù)的聲音通常與“多”相聯(lián)系。同樣地，低沉的聲音伴隨著大的東西，而高的聲音傳達(dá)的是小的東西。這些“標(biāo)志性”聲音的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以幫助科學(xué)家理解人類祖先是如何開始使用豐富的聲學(xué)交流的，合著者Aleksandra?wiek說，他是柏林萊布尼茨中心普通語言學(xué)家。她說，人類的聲音可能“提供足夠的象似性，使語言得以發(fā)展”。）從實(shí)驗(yàn)中可知，聲音模式可能與它們的含義有關(guān)。故選B。11．【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“ourancestorsfirstneededawaytocreatenovelsignalsthatcouldbeunderstoodbyothers,relyingonvisualsignswhoseformwasdirectlysimilartotheintendedmeaning.”（我們的祖先最早需要一個方法來創(chuàng)造能夠被他人理解的新奇的信號，依靠可視信號，它的形成直接和要被表達(dá)的意思很類似。）可知，這篇文章講述我們的祖先在肢體語言的基礎(chǔ)上想創(chuàng)造出新的口語化的語言，就有了我們現(xiàn)在所使用的口語語言。所以，這篇文章是在講述從肢體語言到現(xiàn)代口語的演變。故選D。DAreaswithLEDstreetlightshavefewermothcaterpillars(蛾幼蟲)livingclosetothelight,possiblyhavinghugeeffectsonanarea’swildlifeecosystem.“Wedon’tthinkoflightpollutionasbeingasbigadriverofbiodiversitylossasclimatechange,”saysDouglasBoyesattheUKCentreforEcology&Hydrology.“Butthatdoesn’tmeanit’snotamainfactor”.Earlierresearchabouttheeffectsofman-madelightlookedatadultinsectslikemoths,whichareabletomovearoundandcouldbecountedtwice.Mothcaterpillarshardlymovemorethanafewmetresintheirlifetimes,meaningitiseasiertobemoreexactinmeasuringlight’sinfluenceonthem.BoyesandotherresearchersusedGoogleMapsandGoogleStreetViewtofindpartsofOxfordshire,BuckinghamshireandBerkshireintheUKwheretherewerepairsofhabitatareasthatappearedsimilar,exceptthatonehadstreetlightswhiletheotherdidn’t.Theythencountedthenumberofcaterpillarsineach14-metre-longhabitatbybeatingthehedgerows(灌木樹籬)andbrushinggrassmargins,findingabouteightdifferentspeciesofmothcaterpillars.Thelearnalsonotedthetypeofstreetlight—whetheritwasanLEDlightoranolder,yellow,sodiumlamp(鈉燈)—andthestrengthoflightitproduced.Siteswherestreetlightingwaspresenthad47percentfewercaterpillarsinthehedgerowsand33percentfewercaterpillarsinthegrassmargins.LEDlightshadagreatereffectthansodiumlamps.Havingalowernumberofcaterpillarsisexpectedtohaveeffectsonfuturemothnumberandonotherwildlifenearby.Smallbirdsandsomeinsectsfeedonthecaterpillars,whilelargerbirdsandbatsfeedonadultmoths.HeatherCampbellatHarperAdamsUniversityintheUKsaystheresearchishelpfulforpeopletoknowthereasonswhyinsectsbecomesmallerinnumber.“Whatisreallyclearfromthediscussionishowmuchinfluencethedifferenttypesoflightarehaving,withLEDsseemingtobeworseforcaterpillars,”shesays.12．WhatdoesBoyessayinparagraph2?A．Caterpillarsareindangerofdyingout. B．Lightpollutionmayharmbiodiversity.C．Manyinsectsmaylikelightverymuch. D．Lightpollutionisasseriousasclimatechange.13．Thedisadvantageoftheearlierstudyliesin______.A．whichmethoditused B．whenitwascarriedoutC．whichinsectsitcovered D．whereitwascarriedout14．Whatdidtheresearchfindaboutmothcaterpillars?A．Theyreacteddifferentlytodifferentstreetlights.B．Theireatinghabitswereinfluencedbystreetlights.C．Theypreferredhedgerowsratherthangrassmargins.D．Theirnumbersincreasedinareaswithstreetlights.15．WhatdoesCampbellthinkofthepresentresearch?A．Itishelpfulforstudyingotherinsects.B．Itneedstoincludemoretypesoflight.C．Itincreasesourknowledgeoflightpollution.D．IttellsthedifferencesbetweenLEDlightsandsodiumlamps.【答案】12．B13．C14．A15．C【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了在有LED路燈的地區(qū)，生活在燈光附近的蛾毛蟲會更少，這可能會對該地區(qū)的野生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生巨大影響。12．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段““Wedon’tthinkoflightpollutionasbeingasbigadriverofbiodiversitylossasclimatechange,”saysDouglasBoyesattheUKCentreforEcology&Hydrology.(“我們認(rèn)為光污染對生物多樣性的影響不如氣候變化大，”英國生態(tài)與水文中心的道格拉斯·博伊斯說)”可知，Boyes在第二段說光污染可能會損害生物多樣性。故選B。13．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Earlierresearchabouttheeffectsofman-madelightlookedatadultinsectslikemoths,whichareabletomovearoundandcouldbecountedtwice.(早期關(guān)于人造光影響的研究著眼于成年昆蟲，如飛蛾，它們能夠四處移動，可以被數(shù)兩次)”可知，早期研究的缺點(diǎn)在于所涉及的昆蟲。故選C。14．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Theythencountedthenumberofcaterpillarsineach14-metre-longhabitatbybeatingthehedgerows(灌木樹籬)andbrushinggrassmargins,findingabouteightdifferentspeciesofmothcaterpillars.Thelearnalsonotedthetypeofstreetlight—whetheritwasanLEDlightoranolder,yellow,sodiumlamp(鈉燈)—andthestrengthoflightitproduced.(然后，他們通過敲打樹籬和刷刷草緣來計(jì)算每個14米長的棲息地中毛毛蟲的數(shù)量，發(fā)現(xiàn)了大約8種不同種類的蛾子毛毛蟲。該研究還指出了街燈的類型——無論是LED燈還是老式的黃色鈉燈——以及它所產(chǎn)生的光的強(qiáng)度)”可知，蛾幼蟲對不同的街燈反應(yīng)不同。故選A。15．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“HeatherCampbellatHarperAdamsUniversityintheUKsaystheresearchishelpfulforpeopletoknowthereasonswhyinsectsbecomesmallerinnumber.“Whatisreallyclearfromthediscussionishowmuchinfluencethedifferenttypesoflightarehaving,withLEDsseemingtobeworseforcaterpillars,”shesays.(英國哈珀亞當(dāng)斯大學(xué)的希瑟·坎貝爾說，這項(xiàng)研究有助于人們了解昆蟲數(shù)量減少的原因。她說:“從討論中真正清楚的是，不同類型的光有多大的影響，LED燈似乎對毛毛蟲的影響更大。”)”可知，Campbell認(rèn)為目前的研究增加了我們對光污染的認(rèn)識。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhatCanWeSeeinaLogo?Weseehundredsoflogosonsigns,vehicles,websites,andevenontheclotheswewear.Alloftheselogosaredesignedtoattractourattention.16．However,arecentresearchsupportstheideathatrememberingwhatalogolookslikeisaverydifficulttask.Researchersgave85studentsasimpleassignmenttodrawthelogoofawell-knowncompanyfrommemory.Surprisingly,onlyonestudentinthestudycouldaccuratelydrawthelogofrommemory.17．Researchershavedevelopedatheorythattheythinkmighthelptoexplainthisblindspotinourmemories.Logosaretypicallydesignedtobesimpleandeasytorecognizewithaquickglance.Yetthefrequentexposuretotheselogoscanactuallymakeourbrainsoverlookthem.Thisprocessisknownas“attentionsaturation(注意力飽和)”.18．Eventhoughthebrainisaccustomedtoignoringunnecessarydetails,itisprogrammedforrecognition.Whenweseeimagessuchaslogosoverandoveragain,webecomefamiliarwiththem.Thisconstantexposureleadstosomethingscientistsrefertoas“gistmemory”,whichmeansthatourbrainsrememberthebasicideawithoutallofthedetails.19．.Infact,familiaritywithapopularlogocanevenmakepeoplefeelmorecomfortableaboutpurchasingorusingcertainproducts.Logosareeverywherewelooktoday.Afancydesignorathoughtfulcolorcombinationmaybeagoodstartforalogoconcept,butthereareotherfactorstoconsider.20．Acleverdesignmaybeinteresting,butmostpeoplewillforgetthedetails—especiallyifourbrainshavenothingtosayaboutit.A．Thismaybeinspiringtologodesigners.B．Peoplewillknowtheproductbehindthelogo.C．Thisgeneralsenseofmemoryhasitsownbenefits.D．Sowhyisitsodifficultforpeopletorecallthedetailsofimages?E.Theyalsohelpusrememberaproductorserviceconnectedtotheimages.F.Ourbrainsactuallysignalustoignoreinformationwedon’tthinkwewillneedtoremember.G.Logodesignersneedtoknowthatpeoplewillonlyrememberwhattheybelieveisworthwhile.【答案】16．E17．D18．F19．C20．G【分析】本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)生活中有許多的標(biāo)識，想要清楚記住一個標(biāo)識卻很難。16．【解析】根據(jù)上文“Alloftheselogosaredesignedtoattractourattention.（所有這些標(biāo)志都是為了吸引我們的注意力。）”以及下文“However,arecentresearchsupportstheideathatrememberingwhatalogolookslikeisaverydifficulttask.（然而，最近的一項(xiàng)研究支持這樣一種觀點(diǎn)，即記住一個標(biāo)志的外觀是一項(xiàng)非常困難的任務(wù)。）”可知，這里說的是這些標(biāo)識能讓我們記住相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)，E項(xiàng)“它們還幫助我們記住與圖像相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)”符合題意，選項(xiàng)中的they指代的就是上文中的logos，故選E項(xiàng)。17．【解析】根據(jù)上文“Surprisingly,onlyonestudentinthestudycouldaccuratelydrawthelogofrommemory.（令人驚訝的是，在這項(xiàng)研究中，只有一名學(xué)生能夠從記憶中準(zhǔn)確地畫出這個標(biāo)志。）”可知這里說的是人們很難回憶起圖像的細(xì)節(jié)，D項(xiàng)“那么，為什么人們很難回憶起圖像的細(xì)節(jié)呢？”符合題意，故選D項(xiàng)。18．【解析】根據(jù)上文“Logosaretypicallydesignedtobesimpleandeasytorecognizewithaquickglance.Yetthefrequentexposuretotheselogoscanactuallymakeourbrainsoverlookthem.”.（徽標(biāo)通常設(shè)計(jì)為簡單且易于識別，只需快速一瞥。然而，頻繁接觸這些標(biāo)識實(shí)際上會讓我們的大腦忽視它們。）”可知，本段主要說的是頻繁接觸標(biāo)識會讓我們的大腦忽視它們，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“我們的大腦實(shí)際上發(fā)出信號，讓我們忽略我們認(rèn)為不需要記住的信息。”符合題意，故選F項(xiàng)。19．【解析】根據(jù)下文“Infact,familiaritywithapopularlogocanevenmakepeoplefeelmorecomfortableaboutpurchasingorusingcertainproducts.（事實(shí)上，熟悉一個流行的標(biāo)志甚至可以讓人們對購買或使用某些產(chǎn)品感到更舒適。）”可知，上文說的是這種“要點(diǎn)記憶”也有好處，C項(xiàng)“這種普遍的記憶感覺有它自己的好處”符合題意，故選C項(xiàng)。20．【解析】根據(jù)上文“Afancydesignorathoughtfulcolorcombinationmaybeagoodstartforalogoconcept,butthereareotherfactorstoconsider.（一個別致的設(shè)計(jì)或一個深思熟慮的顏色組合可能是一個標(biāo)志概念的良好開端，但還有其他因素要考慮。）”可知，下文要說的是設(shè)計(jì)師們需要注意的問題，G項(xiàng)“標(biāo)志設(shè)計(jì)師需要知道，人們只會記住他們認(rèn)為值得的東西?！狈项}意，故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Mymotherlooksjustlikemanygrandmothers—shortandwhite-haired.Shecomesfromanold,traditionalfamilyinCanada,whereshenowstilllives.Shewasacivilservant.Inshort,shedidn’tdo21things.Thatallchangedafewyearsago.Shebeganto22mewithwhatshedescribedas“independence”.Atthattime,Ididn’tfullyunderstandwhatshewasdoing.Inearly2015,theyearsheturned75,sheinformedmeshe’d23aseven-nighttriptoTurkey,andthatshewasgoingalone.TherewasnowayIcould24that.AlittleoldladynotspeakingawordofTurkish,withno25ofthelawsandcustomsoftheland—itwasimpossible!Mymotherpaidnoattentiontome.Offshewent.Whenshereturned,shetoldusithadbeenawonderfulsuccess.Asit26,shehadbarelyspentanytimealone,after27ataxidrivertoshowheraround.Heintroducedhertoarugvendor(地毯商)—Mustafa,“alovelyfellow”,andsheboughtsomerugs.Thevendorhadtakenheraddressdetailsandpromisedto28themtoCanada.Icouldn’tbelievehernaivety(幼稚)andexplainedthatshehadbeen29.Thevendorhadhermoney.Sheneitherhadnorwouldbereceivinganyrugs.Well,Iwas30.Tomygreatshock,herrugsdidarrivesomeweekslater,alongwithalovelynotefromMustafa.Tomyevengreatersurprise,thefollowingyearMustafahimselfarrivedinCanada.“Iinvitedhimforacupofteaandhecame,”mymothertoldme.Iwas31becauseshehardlyknewthisman!Butagain,shepaidlittleattentiontome,tellingmetostopbeingsilly.Iwondered:“Isshenotthinkingstraight?”32Iworriedabouther,Mumwasthinkingstraighterthanmostofus.Her33seemedtobebasedonarealizationthatlifeneedstobelived,whenthere’srelativelylittleofitleft.It34meoftheline“Getbusylivingorgetbusydying.”Idon’tthinkMumknowswhathernextbig“thing”isgoingtobe.ButIamsure,sheisopentoany35,whichissomethingweallprobablyneedrightnow.Livelifetothefullest.21．A．complex B．crazy C．boring D．rude22．A．surprise B．a(chǎn)muse C．comfort D．a(chǎn)ttract23．A．missed B．taken C．offered D．booked24．A．a(chǎn)llow B．demand C．remember D．cancel25．A．intention B．knowledge C．view D．fear26．A．turnedout B．cametrue C．madesense D．wentahead27．A．training B．leading C．hiring D．refusing28．A．invite B．sell C．switch D．ship29．A．dominated B．ignored C．cheated D．a(chǎn)bandoned30．A．right B．lucky C．serious D．wrong31．A．frightened B．depressed C．disappointed D．a(chǎn)shamed32．A．If B．Since C．While D．Once33．A．promotion B．interaction C．independence D．preference34．A．cured B．warned C．informed D．reminded35．A．pleasure B．a(chǎn)dventure C．freedom D．beauty【答案】21．B22．A23．B24．A25．B26．A27．C28．D29．C30．D31．A32．C33．C34．D35．B【分析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了母親在退休以后更勇敢地生活的故事，具體體現(xiàn)在更加敢于冒險，敢于信任陌生人等。呼吁讀者生命就是用來過的。21．【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：簡而言之，她不做瘋狂的事情。A.complex復(fù)雜的；B.crazy瘋狂的；C.boring無聊的；D.rude粗魯?shù)?。根?jù)“Shewasacivilservant.”和后文母親一個人去陌生的國家旅行可知，母親以前不這樣，不做看起來瘋狂的事情，故選B項(xiàng)。22．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她開始用她稱之為“獨(dú)立”的東西使我震驚。A.surprise使驚訝；B.amuse逗樂；C.comfort安慰；D.attract吸引。根據(jù)“Atthattime,Ididn’tfullyunderstandwhatshewasdoing.”和后文母親一個人獨(dú)自國外旅行并先付錢預(yù)購當(dāng)?shù)禺a(chǎn)品的這些行為都讓作者不解可知，作者對母親的行為感到驚訝，故選A項(xiàng)。23．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她通知我她要參加土耳其七天之旅，她要一個人去。A.missed錯過，想念；B.taken拿、做；C.offered主動做；D.booked預(yù)定。短語takeatrip意為“去旅行”，故選B項(xiàng)。24．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我不可能允許那件事。A.allow允許；B.demand要求；C.remember記得；D.cancel取消。根據(jù)“therewasnoway（沒門）”可知，作者不允許母親一個人去國外旅行，故選A項(xiàng)。25．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一個完全不會說土耳其語、對那里的法律和風(fēng)俗不了解的老太太那是不可能的。A.intention意圖；B.knowledge知識；C.view觀點(diǎn)；D.fear害怕。短語havenoknowledgeof“不懂”，根據(jù)語境完全不會說土耳其語，自然而然對那個國家的了解幾乎沒有，故選B項(xiàng)。26．【解析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：這次旅行的結(jié)果就是，在她雇傭了一個巴士司機(jī)給他帶路以后，她大部分時候都沒有自己一個人。A.turnedout證明是、原來是、結(jié)果是；B.cametrue實(shí)現(xiàn)；C.madesense有意義；D.wentahead著手，前進(jìn)。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，此處是作者陳述母親這次旅行的結(jié)果，故選A項(xiàng)。27．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這次旅行的結(jié)果就是，在她雇傭了一個巴士司機(jī)給他帶路以后，她大部分時候都沒有自己一個人。A.training培訓(xùn)；B.leading帶領(lǐng)；C.hiring雇傭；D.refusing拒絕。根據(jù)語境，出國旅行時，雇傭一個司機(jī)是很常見的事情，故選C項(xiàng)。28．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：那個小販記下了她的詳細(xì)地址并承諾將他們運(yùn)送到加拿大。A.invite邀請；B.sell賣；C.switch轉(zhuǎn)換；D.ship運(yùn)輸。根據(jù)常識，商品跨國交易通常需要運(yùn)輸，故選D項(xiàng)。29．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我無法相信她的幼稚并向她解釋她被騙了。A.dominated主導(dǎo)；B.ignored忽視；C.cheated欺騙；D.abandoned拋棄。根據(jù)前文可知母親在沒收到貨物的情況下就支付了錢，作者認(rèn)為她被騙了，故選C項(xiàng)。30．【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：好吧，我錯了。A.right正確的；B.lucky幸運(yùn)的；C.serious嚴(yán)肅的；D.wrong錯誤的。根據(jù)后句母親收到了她買的物品可知，作者知道自己的判斷是錯誤的。故選D項(xiàng)。31．【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)樗麕缀醪涣私膺@個男人，我感到害怕。A.frightened害怕的；B.depressed沮喪的、消沉的；C.disappointed失望的；D.ashamed感到羞恥的。根據(jù)語境母親對那個男人不怎么了解就邀請他來家里喝咖啡，這令作者感到恐懼，故選A項(xiàng)。32．【解析】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我為她擔(dān)心的時候，媽媽比我們大多數(shù)人都想得更清楚。A.If如果，是否；B.Since既然；C.While盡管，當(dāng)……；D.Once一旦。根據(jù)上文“Iwondered:“Isshenotthinkingstraight?””和下文“l(fā)ifeneedstobelived”可知，作者在擔(dān)心母親思維不清晰的時候，其實(shí)母親比任何人都想的清楚明白。故選C項(xiàng)。33．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的獨(dú)立似乎基于一種意識，那就是生命是用來過的，尤其當(dāng)所剩無幾時。A.promotion促進(jìn)，升值；B.interaction互動；C.independence獨(dú)立；D.preference偏好。母親的種種行為都根據(jù)自己的想法，不受任何人干擾，這是獨(dú)立的表現(xiàn)，前文母親自己也提到過，故選C項(xiàng)。34．【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這讓我想起一句話“忙著生活忙著死去”。A.cured治愈；B.warned警告；C.informed通知；D.reminded提醒。短語remindsbofsth提醒某人某事，符合語義邏輯，故選D項(xiàng)。35．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，我敢肯定，她對任何冒險都是持開放態(tài)度。A.pleasure樂趣；B.adventure冒險；C.freedom自由；D.beauty美，美人。結(jié)合語境可知，母親做的一些大膽行為在作者看來是冒險，故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AircraftdesignerGuSongfenandnuclearexpertWangDazhong36．(award)theStatePreeminentScienceandTechnologyAward,China'stopsciencehonor,onWednesday.Theyreceivedtheprizefortheiroutstandingcontributionsto37．(science)andtechnologicalinnovationduringtheNationalScienceandTechnologyAwardConferenceattheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijing.Bornin1930,Guisarenownedaircraftdesigner,founderofaircraftaerodynamic(空氣動力)designandanaviationstrategyscientist.From1961to1986,heserved38．chiefdesigneranddirectoroftheShenyangAircraftDesignandResearchInstitute,39．ispartoftheAviationIndustryCorporationofChina.Heestablishedthe40．(country)aircraftaerodynamicdesignsystem,pioneeredtheindependentdevelopmentoffighteraircraft,41．continuedtocarryoutaviationstrategicresearch,makingasignificantcontributiontoChina'saviationscienceandtechnology.Bornin1935,Wangisa42．(distinguish)scholarandstrategicscientistininternationalnuclearenergy.He43．(commit)todevelopingadvancednuclearenergysystemswithinherentsafetyfeaturessinceheworked.44．impressesthenationisthathehashelpedChinamakegreatprogressinthedevelopmentofhigh-temperaturegas-cooledreactortechnology,45．(lay)animportantfoundationforthecountrytostepintotheforefrontgloballyinthefieldofadvancednuclearenergy.【答案】36．wereawarded37．scientific38．a(chǎn)s39．which40．country`s41．a(chǎn)nd42．distinguished43．hasbeencommitted44．what45．laying【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹飛機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)師顧誦芬和和專家王大中的事跡。他們因此獲得了國家杰出科學(xué)技術(shù)獎。36．【解析】考查謂語動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：飛機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)師顧頌芬和核專家王大中于星期三被授予了國家杰出科學(xué)技術(shù)獎這一國家科學(xué)領(lǐng)域最高榮譽(yù)稱號。分析句子成分可知award在句中作謂語，根據(jù)onWednesday可知時態(tài)為一般過去時，主語GuSongfenandWangDazhong和謂語award為被動關(guān)系且為復(fù)數(shù)。故填wereawarded。37.【解析】考查形容詞。句意：在北京人民大會堂舉辦的國家科學(xué)技術(shù)頒獎大會中，他們因在科學(xué)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新領(lǐng)域作出的突出貢獻(xiàn)而獲此獎項(xiàng)。science和technological是兩個并列定語，修飾名詞innovation，形容詞修飾名詞。故填scientific。38．【解析】考查動詞搭配介詞短語。句意：從1961年至1986年，他擔(dān)任隸屬于中國航空工業(yè)集團(tuán)公司的沈陽飛機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)研究院的首席設(shè)計(jì)師和總負(fù)責(zé)人。serveas為固定短語意為“擔(dān)任，作為”，故填as。39．【解析】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：從1961年至1986年，他擔(dān)任隸屬于中國航空工業(yè)集團(tuán)公司的