高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1云南省玉溪某中學2023-2024學年高三下學期7月期末英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AAsahighschoolstudent,youmightbewonderingwhatyoucandonowtohelpchangetheworldandbetteryourcommunity.Fortunately,plentyofvolunteeropportunitiesareavailabletohelpyoudothosethings.HabitatforHumanityRelatedmajors:Architecture,ConstructionManagementandTechnologyHabitatforHumanityhelpslow-incomeindividualsandfamiliesbuildorimprovetheirhomes.Volunteeringherewillgiveyouagreatinsightintohowlarge-scaleprojectsareorganizedandcarriedout.Plus,you’lllearnreal-lifehomerepairskillsthatcanbeusefullaterinliferegardlessofyourcareerpath.TheHumane(人道的)SocietyoftheUnitedStatesRelatedmajors:AnimalScience,BiologyTheHumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStatesaimstocreateahumaneandsustainableworldforallanimals.Asavolunteer,youcouldwalkdogsanddothecleaningatashelter,orevenhelpoutatoneofitsclinics.NationalParkServiceRelatedmajors:EnvironmentalScienceandStudies,EcologyIfyoulovenatureandwanttohelppreservetheenvironment,considervolunteeringwiththeNationalParkService.Whetheryou’reworkinginthevisitorcenterormonitoringwildlifeinthearea,you’lllearnalotaboutthepreservationofnature.GoodwillIndustriesInternationalRelatedmajors:SocialWork,Counseling(咨詢)VolunteeringwithGoodwillIndustriesInternationalisagreatwaytomakeadifference.Thisorganizationisdevotedtoprovidingemployment,education,andskill-buildingopportunitiesforpeoplearoundtheworld.Asavolunteer,youcanhelppeoplebuildskills,getjobs,andstrengthentheirfinances,whichcangiveyouaninsidelookintohowthesetypesofsocialservicesfunctionandsucceed.1.Whichorganizationwillyoujoinifyouareananimallover?A.HabitatforHumanity. B.NationalParkService.C.GoodwillIndustriesInternational. D.TheHumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStates.2.WhatisspecialabouttheNationalParkService?A.Itallowsstudentstoimprovebuildingskills.B.Ithelpsstudentscontactwithmorevisitors.C.ItsuitsstudentsmajoringinBiologyandEcology.D.Itbringsstudentsclosetonatureanditspreservation.3.WhatcanyouobtaininbothHabitatforHumanityandGoodwillIndustriesInternational?A.Homerepairskills. B.Experiencewithlargeprojects.C.Achancetoworkwithpeopleinneed. D.Aninsidelookintothedonationsystem.【答案】1.D2.D3.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇應用文。文章推薦了一些適合高中生參加的慈善組織?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據“TheHumane(人道的)SocietyoftheUnitedStates”部分中的“TheHumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStatesaimstocreateahumaneandsustainableworldforallanimals.Asavolunteer,youcouldwalkdogsanddothecleaningatashelter,orevenhelpoutatoneofitsclinics.(美國人道協會旨在為所有動物創(chuàng)造一個人道和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的世界。作為一名志愿者，你可以在收容所遛狗、打掃衛(wèi)生，甚至在診所幫忙。)”可知，如果你是一個動物愛好者可以參加美國人道主義協會。故選D。【2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據“NationalParkService”部分中的“Whetheryou’reworkinginthevisitorcenterormonitoringwildlifeinthearea,you’lllearnalotaboutthepreservationofnature.(無論你是在游客中心工作還是在該地區(qū)監(jiān)測野生動物，你都會學到很多關于自然保護的知識。)”可知，國家公園管理局的特別之處是它使學生接近自然、了解自然保護。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據“HabitatforHumanity”部分中的“Volunteeringherewillgiveyouagreatinsightintohowlarge-scaleprojectsareorganizedandcarriedout.(在這里做志愿者會讓你深入了解大型項目是如何組織和實施的。)”和“GoodwillIndustriesInternational”部分中的“Asavolunteer,youcanhelppeoplebuildskills,getjobs,andstrengthentheirfinances,whichcangiveyouaninsidelookintohowthesetypesofsocialservicesfunctionandsucceed.(作為一名志愿者，你可以幫助人們培養(yǎng)技能，找到工作，并改善他們的財務狀況，這可以讓你深入了解這些類型的社會服務是如何運作和成功的。)”可知，從仁人家園和善意實業(yè)國際可以獲得參與大型項目的經驗。故選B。BDiscoveringahobbycanleadtoamazingresults,asMariaMartinez,an11-year-oldwithaheartofgold,hasproven.Justoverayearago,Mariacameacrosstheworldofclothes-making,thankstooneoftheChristmasgiftsshereceived.Littledidsheknowthatthisnewfoundabilitywouldbecomeasourceofjoyandpurpose,notjustforher,butalsoforcountlessfurryfriends.“IgotagiftpermitatChristmastostartclothes-makinglessons,”Mariasaid.“Ireallylikedit.”Aftermasteringthebasics,anideacametohermindduringavisittoalocalexhibition.Surroundedbypetownersandtheirpets,Mariahadanideathatwouldchangelives.Whynotcreatelovelybandannas(頭巾)fordogsandcatsandusethemtosupportanimalshelters?Withgreatinterestandthesupportofhergrandmother,Mariaturnedacorneroftheirhomeintoabusyworkingroom.Together,theymademanybeautifulbandannas,eachonefilledwithloveandcare.ButMaria’swishwentfarbeyondcreatingdecorations.ShebegandonatingherworkstoshelterslikeClawsForeverinFallRiver,hopingtocatchtheeyeofsomepeoplewhocantakethesedogsandcatshome.Mariaalsobegansellingthemthroughword-of-mouthandatvariousevents.“Atfirstshestartedjustdonatingthebandannasbecauseittookhermuchtimetomakethem.Thenshegotmoreskilledandwasabletobuyclothwithsomeextraincomethatshewasmakingfromit,”hermom,Crystal,said.“Mariaisareallykindgivingpersonandshedoesn’twantformuchofanything.Itmakesherfeelgoodtodonate.Weareproudofher.”Rangingfrom$3to$7,moneyfromhersalesisnowdonatedtoshelters,too.Afewweeksago,shedonatedmorethan$200totheKingstonAnimalShelter.“Theywerehappyandreallygrateful,whichmademefeelreallygoodinside,”saidMaria.“Itmakesmehappytoseehowit’simpactedthepeopleanddogs.”4.WhatmakesitpossibleforMariatostarthercharity?A.Herlovefordogs. B.Herclothes-makingskills.C.Thejoyofreceivinggifts. D.Grandma’ssuggestion.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph4referto?A.Christmasgifts. B.Petowners. C.Dogsandcats. D.Lovelybandannas.6.WhydoesMariagivedecorationstoshelters?A.Tomakeherselfknowntomorepeople.B.Toprotectdogsandcatsfromthecold.C.Toattractmorepeopletotakeintheanimals.D.Tohelprescuehomelessdogsinthestreets.7.WhatisCrystal'sattitudetoMaria'sbehavior?A.Supportive. B.Doubtful. C.Mixed. D.Worried.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了主人公瑪麗亞出于對狗和貓動物的愛使她開始她的慈善事業(yè)的故事?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第四段“Aftermasteringthebasics,anideacametohermindduringavisittoalocalexhibition.Surroundedbypetownersandtheirpets,Mariahadanideathatwouldchangelives.Whynotcreatelovelybandannas(頭巾)fordogsandcatsandusethemtosupportanimalshelters?”（掌握了基本知識后，在參觀當地的一個展覽時，她想到了一個主意。在寵物主人和他們的寵物的包圍下，瑪麗亞有了一個可以改變生活的想法。為什么不為狗和貓制作可愛的大手帕，并用它們來支持動物收容所呢？）以及最后一段中““Itmakesmehappytoseehowit’simpactedthepeopleanddogs.””（“看到它對人們和狗的影響，我很高興?！保┛赏浦旣悂唽返膼凼顾_始她的慈善事業(yè)。故選A項。【5題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據劃線單詞句中“Whynotcreatelovelybandannasfordogsandcats…”（為什么不為狗和貓制作可愛的大手帕……）由此可知，此處劃線單詞them指的是上文提到的“可愛的大手帕”。故選D項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第六段“ButMaria’swishwentfarbeyondcreatingdecorations.ShebegandonatingherworkstoshelterslikeClawsForeverinFallRiver,hopingtocatchtheeyeofsomepeoplewhocantakethesedogsandcatshome.”（但瑪麗亞的愿望遠不止制作裝飾品。她開始將自己的作品捐贈給福爾河的“ClawsForeverinFallRiver”等收容所，希望能吸引一些人的注意，讓他們把這些貓狗帶回家。）可知，瑪麗亞裝飾收容所是為了吸引更多的人來收養(yǎng)動物。故選C項。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中“Thenshegotmoreskilledandwasabletobuyclothwithsomeextraincomethatshewasmakingfromit,”hermom,Crystal,said.“Mariaisareallykindgivingpersonandshedoesn’twantformuchofanything.Itmakesherfeelgoodtodonate.Weareproudofher.”Rangingfrom$3to$7,moneyfromhersalesisnowdonatedtoshelters,too.Afewweeksago,shedonatedmorethan$200totheKingstonAnimalShelter.”（后來她變得更熟練了，可以用一些額外的收入來買布料，”她的母親克里斯托說。“瑪麗亞是一個非常善良的人，她不想要太多的東西。捐款讓她感覺很好。我們?yōu)樗械津湴??！睆?美元到7美元不等，她的銷售所得現在也捐給了收容所。幾周前，她向金斯頓動物收容所捐贈了200多美元。）可推知，克里斯托對瑪麗亞的行為持支持的態(tài)度。故選A項。CMaxDuemergedvictoriousattheCanada-WideScienceFairwithhisinnovativeproject:anunmannedaerialvehicle(UAV)designedtoassistindividualsexperiencingcardiacarrests.HisingenuitywassparkedduringtheChristmasrecessoftheprecedingyear.“Ireceivedarecreationaldroneasagiftfrommyparents,yetIwasunabletooperateitaloftduetothesnowyconditions,”Maxrecounted.“Consequently,Iexperimentedwithitindoors,whichledmetocontemplatethepotentialforadronetoserveasanautomatedindoorapparatusthatcouldrenderassistancetopeopleinneed.”Approximately35,000Canadianssuccumbtocardiacarrestsannually,withthemajorityoftheseincidentsoccurringbeyondtheconfinesofahospital,resultinginasurvivalrateoflessthan10percent.Maxwasconvincedthatadronecouldprovidemoreexpeditiousassistanceandexpeditethedeliveryofvitalmedicaltreatments,buttovalidatethishypothesis,hewascompelledtoconstructthedevicehimself.Theprocessofrefininghisdronespannedaperiodofsixmonths,duringwhichMax’sparentshadtotoleratethepersistentbuzzingandcrashingofthemachinewithintheirdomicile.Witheachinnovativefeaturehedevised,suchasatelescopicappendage,thedrone’soverallmassincreased,leadingtofrequentdisassembly.Thisnecessitatedtheprocurementofanentirelynewsetofcomponents.Maxpersevered,experimentingwithmorelightweightconstructionmaterialsuntilheachievedamoreharmoniousequilibriuminhisdesign.Throughamethodicalprocessofiterativerefinement,the14-year-oldprodigyultimatelyperfectedhisinvention.Hisdroneisnowcapableofmanipulatingadoorhandle,navigatingthroughtheair,andalightinggentlyontheground.Aninnovative,extendablearmcanbedeployedtoeitheradministeraninjectionordeliveralife-savingpharmaceuticaltoapatient.Additionally,anintegratedcamerafacilitatesreal-timecommunicationwithanemergencyresponseteam,enablingremotemonitoringofthepatient’scondition.Maxisintentonpursuingtheacquisitionofapatenttoforgeallianceswithinthehealthcaresectorandbringhisinventiontofruition.HededicatedhissummertothestudyofartificialintelligenceatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,wherehewasoneofonly32youngscholarschosenglobally.Subsequently,hewillproceedtotheUniversityofPennsylvaniatoenrollinacollegiate-levelroboticscoursebeforeresuminghishighschoolstudiesinSeptember.8.WhydidMaxDudesignadronebyhimself?A.Hehadsympathyforthosewithheartattacks.B.HehadnothingtodoinChristmasholidays.C.Hewanteduseittohelphisparents.D.Hetriedtomakeitflyinthesnow.9.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraphs2and3?A.MostofthepeoplewithcardiacarrestsinCanadacansurvive.B.Max’sparentswereunwillingtohelpduringhisdronedesign.C.It’sveryimportanttocontrolthebalanceofthedrone.D.Max’sdesignoftheextendablearmisverysmooth.10.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Theinstructionsforusingthedrone. B.Thereasonforapplyingforapatent.C.TheprocessofMax?ssuccess. D.Thefunctionsofthenewdrone.11.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMax?A.Considerateandbrave. B.Talentedandcreative.C.Cleverandhonest. D.Helpfulandloyal.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了MaxDu設計的一款無人機，這款無人機能在心臟驟停等緊急情況下為人們提供幫助，以及他的設計過程和未來計劃?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Approximately35,000Canadianssuccumbtocardiacarrestsannually,withthemajorityoftheseincidentsoccurringbeyondtheconfinesofahospital,resultinginasurvivalrateoflessthan10percent.Maxwasconvincedthatadronecouldprovidemoreexpeditiousassistanceandexpeditethedeliveryofvitalmedicaltreatments,buttovalidatethishypothesis,hewascompelledtoconstructthedevicehimself.(每年約有35000名加拿大人死于心臟驟停，其中大多數發(fā)生在醫(yī)院范圍之外，導致存活率低于10%。Max確信無人機可以提供更快速的援助，加快重要醫(yī)療服務的交付，但為了驗證這一假設，他不得不自己建造該設備)”可知，加拿大每年有大量的心臟病突發(fā)案例，且大多數發(fā)生在醫(yī)院之外，生存率極低，Max認為無人機可以提供更快速的救援，加速關鍵醫(yī)療救治的到達。所以他設計無人機是出于同情那些心臟病發(fā)作的人，想要幫助他們。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第二段的“Maxwasconvincedthatadronecouldprovidemoreexpeditiousassistanceandexpeditethedeliveryofvitalmedicaltreatments,buttovalidatethishypothesis,hewascompelledtoconstructthedevicehimself.(Max確信無人機可以提供更快速的援助，加快重要醫(yī)療服務的交付，但為了驗證這一假設，他不得不自己建造該設備)”以及第三段的“Maxpersevered,experimentingwithmorelightweightconstructionmaterialsuntilheachievedamoreharmoniousequilibriuminhisdesign.(Max堅持不懈，嘗試使用更輕的建筑材料，直到他的設計達到了更和諧的平衡)”可知，MaxDu在設計無人機的過程中遇到了很多挑戰(zhàn)，包括無人機的重量增加導致頻繁拆卸，以及需要采購全新的部件等。但他堅持不懈，通過嘗試更輕質的材料，最終達到了設計上的平衡。由此可推知，控制無人機的平衡是非常重要的。故選C?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據第四段的“Throughamethodicalprocessofiterativerefinement,the14-year-oldprodigyultimatelyperfectedhisinvention.(通過有條不紊的迭代改進過程，這位14歲的天才最終完善了他的發(fā)明)”以及全段可知，第四段主要描述了MaxDu的無人機所具備的功能，包括能夠操作門把手、在空中導航、輕輕降落在地面上，以及配備了一個可伸縮的手臂等。所以本段主要介紹了新無人機的功能。故選D。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第一段的“HisingenuitywassparkedduringtheChristmasrecessoftheprecedingyear.“Ireceivedarecreationaldroneasagiftfrommyparents,yetIwasunabletooperateitaloftduetothesnowyconditions,”Maxrecounted.“Consequently,Iexperimentedwithitindoors,whichledmetocontemplatethepotentialforadronetoserveasanautomatedindoorapparatusthatcouldrenderassistancetopeopleinneed.”(他的聰明才智是在前一年的圣誕節(jié)休會期間激發(fā)出來的。馬克斯回憶道：“我收到了父母送給我的一架休閑無人機，但由于下雪，我無法在高空操作它?！?。“因此，我在室內進行了實驗，這讓我思考了無人機作為自動化室內設備的潛力，可以為有需要的人提供幫助?！?”以及全文可知，MaxDu憑借自己的聰明才智和創(chuàng)新精神，設計出了一款能夠幫助心臟驟?；颊叩臒o人機，并在科學博覽會上獲獎。他還計劃申請專利，并與醫(yī)療保健部門建立合作關系，以實現他的發(fā)明。此外，他還被選為全球僅有的32名年輕學者之一，前往斯坦福大學學習人工智能。這些事實都表明，Max是一個有才華和創(chuàng)造力的人。故選B。DTherejuvenatingeffectsofarestorativenocturnalreposearewidelyrecognized;itcanengenderastateofenhancedwell-being.Academicsinthefieldpositthattheexcellenceofone’sslumbermayindeedbeinstrumentalintheprolongationofone’slifespan.Malesubjectswhoenjoyastateofsomnolenttranquilitycouldpotentiallyextendtheirexistencebyaspanofnearlyfivedecadesincomparisontothosebereftofsuchrepose.Thefemalecounterpartsstandtogainanincrementoftwodecades.Additionally,ithasbeenobservedthatyouthfulindividualswhoadheretosalutarysomniferousroutinesarelesssusceptibletoaprematuredemise.However,themerequantityofreposeisinsufficienttoreapthepotentialhealthfuldividends;thecaliberofone’sslumberisequallypivotal.Theparametersofcommendableslumberweredelineatedbyaquintetofdistinctcriteria.Theseencompassedanoptimaldurationofseventoeighthoursofreposepernocturnalcycle;experiencingdifficultyintheinitiationofsleepnomorethantwiceperhebdomadalperiod;similarchallengesinmaintainingsomnolencenomorethantwiceweekly;abstainingfromtheconsumptionofanysoporificpharmaceuticals;andawakeningwithasensationofinvigorationonnofewerthanfivedaysperseptenarycycle.Theconclusionsderivedfromthestudyintimatethatapproximately8%offatalities,irrespectiveoftheiretiology,couldbeimputedtoinadequatesomniferouspatterns.Dr.FrankQian,aresidentphysicianspecializingininternalmedicineattheBethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenterinBoston,America,remarked,“Adistinctproportionalresponserelationshipwasdiscerned.Consequently,anincreaseinthebeneficialelementspertainingtothequalityofsleepcorrelateswithaprogressivediminutioninmortalityfromallcauses.”Theresearchcollateddatafromapopulaceof172,321individualswithanaverageageof50,ofwhich54%werefemale.TheseparticipantswereengagedintheNationalHealthInterviewSurvey,spanningtheyears2013to2018,whichsoughttoscrutinizethewell-beingoftheAmericanpopulace,inclusiveofinquiriesintotheirsomniferoushabits.Thesubjectsweretrackedforameanperiodof4.3years,duringwhich8,681succumbedtodeath.Ofthesefatalities,2,610(30%)wereattributabletocardiovascularafflictions,2,052(24%)tooncologicaldisorders,and4,019(46%)toamiscellanyofothercauses.Amongthemaleandfemaleparticipantswhoreportedadherencetoallfiveindicesofqualitysleep(anoptimalquintilescore),theexpectancyoflifewasaugmentedby4.7yearsformalesandby2.4%forfemales,incontradistinctiontothosewhopossessednoneorasolitaryfactor.Furtherscholarlyendeavoriswarrantedtoelucidatetheraisond’êtreforthedichotomyintheenhancementoflifeexpectancy,withmalesexhibitingtwicetheincrementobservedinfemalesdespiteequivalentsomniferousquality.Acaveatofthestudyliesintherelianceonself-reportedsomniferoushabits,whichwerenotsubjectedtoobjectivequantificationorverification.12.Whoismostlikelytohaveagoodsleep?A.Alice,whofallsasleepassoonasshetouchesthepillowaftertakingasleepingpilleveryday.B.Betty,whofallsasleepquicklyandhasanightmareatleast3timesaweek.C.Candy,whofeelsrefreshedaftersleepingtightweekdays.D.David,whocountssheepandhasasoundsleepeveryday.13.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thesleephabitsinthestudywerereportedbythetestsubjects.B.Quantityofsleepwasenoughtoachievethehealthbenefits.C.Menhaddoublethelifespancomparedwithwomen.D.Poorsleeppatterncaused8%ofdeathsfromallcausesofcancer.14.Howdidtheresearcherscometotheirfindings?A.Byreferringtoanotherstudy.B.Byconsultingtheauthoritativeagencies.C.Byinterviewingtheprofessionals.D.Byconductingdataanalysis.15.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetothethefindingofthestudy?A.Ambiguous B.Objective C.Indifferent D.Doubtful【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是研究發(fā)現一個人的睡眠質量可能確實有助于延長一個人的壽命，同時指出這項研究中存在的不足?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據首段中的”Therejuvenatingeffectsofarestorativenocturnalreposearewidelyrecognized;itcanengenderastateofenhancedwell-being.(恢復性夜間休息的恢復活力的作用是公認的；它可以產生一種增強幸福感的狀態(tài)。)”可知，恢復性夜間休息的恢復活力的作用是公認的，由此可知，夜間休息可以使人產生一種增加幸福感的狀態(tài)，Candy在工作日晚上睡覺后感到精神煥發(fā)，符合良好睡眠的標準。故選C項。【13題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據尾段中的“Acaveatofthestudyliesintherelianceonself-reportedsomniferoushabits,whichwerenotsubjectedtoobjectivequantificationorverification.(該研究的一個警告在于依賴于自我報告的睡眠習慣，這些習慣沒有經過客觀的量化或驗證。)”可知，該研究中的睡眠習慣依賴于自我報告，沒有經過客觀的量化或驗證，由此可知，研究中的睡眠習慣是由測試對象報告的。故選A項?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段中的“Theresearchcollateddatafromapopulaceof172,321individualswithanaverageageof50,ofwhich54%werefemale.TheseparticipantswereengagedintheNationalHealthInterviewSurvey,spanningtheyears2013to2018,whichsoughttoscrutinizethewell-beingoftheAmericanpopulace,inclusiveofinquiriesintotheirsomniferoushabits.(該研究整理172,321名平均年齡為50歲的人的數據，其中54%是女性。這些參與者參與了2013年至2018年的全國健康訪談調查，該調查旨在仔細檢查美國民眾的健康狀況，包括調查他們的飲酒習慣。)”可知，該項研究整理了172,321名平均年齡為50歲的人的數據，且該調查的宗旨是仔細檢查美國民眾的健康狀況，由此可知，該項研究是通過數據分析得出的結論。故選D項?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據首段中的“Therejuvenatingeffectsofarestorativenocturnalreposearewidelyrecognized;itcanengenderastateofenhancedwell-being.Academicsinthefieldpositthattheexcellenceofone’sslumbermayindeedbeinstrumentalintheprolongationofone’slifespan.(恢復性夜間休息的恢復活力的作用是公認的；它可以產生一種增強幸福感的狀態(tài)。該領域的學者們認為，一個人的睡眠質量可能確實有助于延長一個人的壽命。)”可知，研究發(fā)現，一個人的睡眠質量可能確實有助于延長一個人的壽命，結合倒數第二段中的“Furtherscholarlyendeavoriswarrantedtoelucidatetheraisond’êtreforthedichotomyintheenhancementoflifeexpectancy,withmalesexhibitingtwicetheincrementobservedinfemalesdespiteequivalentsomniferousquality.(進一步的學術努力是有必要的，以闡明在預期壽命提高方面的存在產生分裂的原因，男性表現出兩倍于女性觀察到的增長，盡管同樣的一些睡眠質量。)”可知，作者認為進一步的學術努力是必要的，以闡明在預期壽命提高方面的存在產生分裂的原因，由此可知，作者既承認該項研究的結論的合理性，也指出研究需要進一步的學術努力，所以，作者對該項研究的結果的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分7.5分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Lifewillalwayspresentchallenges,buthowyourespondtothemwillleadyourlife’stracks.Tostayfocusedwhenyou’rehavingahardtime,herearesomethingstokeepinmind.Resetyourgoals.Doyoufeelinspiredbyyourlifeplan,orisittimeforanewone?Areyourgoalsrealistic?____16____Takingamomenttopauseandreflectwillhelpensurethatyourgoalsareattainableandwillhelpgrowyourmotivation.____17____Don’tbeafraidtobreakyourlong-termgoalsintosmallstepstokeepcheckingoffalongtheway,andadjustthestepsasyouneed.Havingonegoalismuchhardertofocusonthanafewbiggoalsormanysmallones.Rememberwhatmotivatesyouinthefirstplace.Whydoyoustart?Itdoesn’tmatterwhichmotivationdrivesyou.Aslongasitkeepsyougoing,thenit’spractical.Yourmotivationmaylookdifferentcomparedtoyourfriend’s,butthat’sOK.____18____Takemotivationfromothers.Talktoyourfriendsorreadabooktofindinspiration.Beopen-mindedandlearnhowothersfindmotivation.____19____Motivationcomesfromvarioussources,andlisteningtoothersmightexpandyourviewonhowtogainit.Takeabreak.It’sperfectlyfinetostepawayfromwhatevertaskyou’reworkingonandtakeashortbreak.Youcan’texpectyourselftokeepyourmotivationforeighthoursstraight.____20____Thisallowsustoresetourminds,andbemoreefficientwhenweneedtogetbackontrack.A.Startsmall.B.Rewardyourselfforyourefforts.C.Ifnot,thentakethetimetosetthemagain.D.Asaresult,havingarestisagoodhabittopractice.E.Stickwithwhatevermotivatesyou,anddon’tforgetit.F.Themethodstheyusemightcausesomemotivationforyou.G.Sometimes,youdon’twanttodothingsbecauseofyourmood.【答案】16.C17.A18.E19.F20.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是應對挑戰(zhàn)的幾個建議?！?6題詳析】根據本段的主題句“Resetyourgoals.(重新設定目標。)”可知，本段建議可以通過重設目標應對挑戰(zhàn)，根據空前的“Doyoufeelinspiredbyyourlifeplan,orisittimeforanewone?Areyourgoalsrealistic?(你是否為你的人生計劃感到鼓舞，或者是時候制定一個新的計劃了?你的目標現實嗎?)”可知，此處提出一列問題，考慮一下目標是否現實，C選項“Ifnot,thentakethetimetosetthemagain.(如果沒有，那就花時間重新設置。)”承接空前的內容，且符合本段的主題。故選C項?！?7題詳析】此處應為本段的主題句，結合其它段落的主題句可知，此處應為祈使句；根據空后的“Don’tbeafraidtobreakyourlong-termgoalsintosmallstepstokeepcheckingoffalongtheway,andadjustthestepsasyouneed.Havingonegoalismuchhardertofocusonthanafewbiggoalsormanysmallones.(不要害怕把你的長期目標分解成一個個小步驟，并在此過程中不斷檢查，并根據需要調整步驟。有一個目標比幾個大目標或許多小目標更難集中精力。)”可知，本段講述的是建議把長期目標分解成一個個小的目標，A選項“Startsmall.(從小目標做起。)”為祈使句，且與空后的內容一致，能夠概括本段的主題。故選A項?！?8題詳析】根據本段的主題句“Rememberwhatmotivatesyouinthefirstplace.(記住你最初的動力是什么。)”可知，本段建議記住自己的最初動力來應對挑戰(zhàn)，根據空前的“Yourmotivationmaylookdifferentcomparedtoyourfriend’s,butthat’sOK.(你的動機可能和你朋友的不一樣，但沒關系。)”可知，你的動機可能與他人不同，但是沒有關系，E選項“Stickwithwhatevermotivatesyou,anddon’tforgetit.(堅持任何能激勵你的事情，不要忘記它。)”建議堅持激勵自己的事情，與本段的主題吻合，且與空前的內容銜接，符合語境。故選E項?！?9題詳析】根據空前的“Talktoyourfriendsorreadabooktofindinspiration.Beopen-mindedandlearnhowothersfindmotivation.(和你的朋友聊天或者讀一本書來尋找靈感。保持開放的心態(tài)，學習別人是如何找到動力的。)”可知，學習其他人是如何找到動力的；F選項“Themethodstheyusemightcausesomemotivationforyou.(他們使用的方法可能會給你帶來一些動力。)”中的themethods指代的為空前的“howothersfindmotivation”，且與本段的主題句“Takemotivationfromothers.(從別人那里獲得動力。)”講述的內容一致。故選F項?！?0題詳析】根據本段的主題句“Takeabreak.(休息一下。)”可知，本段建議休息一下來應對挑戰(zhàn)；根據空前的“Youcan’texpectyourselftokeepyourmotivationforeighthoursstraight.(你不能指望自己連續(xù)八小時保持動力。)”可知，不要指望自己連續(xù)八小時保持動力，D選項“Asaresult,havingarestisagoodhabittopractice.(因此，休息是一個好習慣。)”講述的內容與空前的內容為因果關系，符合邏輯，且與本段的主題吻合。故選D項。第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。BorninHamburg,Germany,in1833,Brahmssoonexpressedakeeninterestinmusicanddisplayedunusualtalent.Hisfatherrecognizedhis____21____andprovidedhimwiththenecessarysupportandencouragementto____22____hismusicaldreams.However,Brahmsfacednumerouschallengesonhispathtosuccess.Hisfamilystruggled____23____,andBrahmsoftenhadtotakeoddjobstosupporthimself.Despitethesetroubles,hestillcontinuedtostudycompositionand____24____himselftotheworksofgreatcomposers.Brahms’____25____camewhenhemetthefamouscomposerRobertSchumann,whorecognizedhisgeniusandbecamehisteacher.SchumannintroducedBrahmstoinfluential____26____andhelpedhimgainrecognitioninthefieldofmusic.Unfortunately,Schumann’smentalhealth____27____,andhekilledhimself.Brahms,extremelyupsetbythelossofhisteacher,steppedinto____28____Schumann’ssadwifeandchildren.Amidpersonalconfusionandtheweightofresponsibility,Brahmspouredhis____29____intohismusic.Hiscompositionsbegantogainattention,andhisreputationasacomposerstartedtogrow.Despitefacingcriticismandcomparisonstoothergreatcomposers,Brahmsremained_____30_____.Brahms’musicshowedhis_____31_____talentforcreatingrichandemotionalcompositions.Hisapproachtocompositionanddevotiontomusicsethimapart.Eachnotewascarefullyconsideredandpolished(改進)to_____32_____.Throughouthislife,Brahmsremainedmodestand_____33_____hisskill.Hewasknowntobeaperfectionist.Hisdevotiontoexcellence_____34_____himtonewheightsintheworldofclassicalmusic.JohannesBrahms’storytellsusthatperseverance,passion,andfirmcommitmenthelphimsucceed.Today,Brahms’musiccontinuesto_____35_____andmoveaudiencesworldwide.21.A.action B.choice C.opportunity D.potential22.A.pursue B.decide C.evaluate D.measure23.A.emotionally B.financially C.physically D.mentally24.A.adapted B.devoted C.limited D.reduced25.A.project B.difficulty C.breakthrough D.attention26.A.judges B.gardeners C.conductors D.musicians27.A.worsened B.changed C.improved D.lasted28.A.inform B.support C.influence D.train29.A.emotions B.amusement C.money D.steps30.A.careful B.frank C.persistent D.responsible31.A.primary B.common C.familiar D.excellent32.A.sweetness B.appearance C.perfection D.popularity33.A.reliedon B.focusedon C.lookedon D.calledon34.A.pushed B.pulled C.pressed D.threw35.A.guard B.remind C.shape D.inspire【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.B25.C26.D27.A28.B29.A30.C31.D32.C33.B34.A35.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，介紹了德國作曲家約翰內斯·勃拉姆斯的成功之路。【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他的父親認識到了他的潛力，并為他追求音樂夢想提供了必要的支持和鼓勵。A.action行動；B.choice選擇；C.opportunity機會；D.potential潛力。根據上文中的“displayedunusualtalent”可知，勃拉姆斯具有非凡的天賦，而他的父親認識到了他的潛力，為他提供支持和鼓勵。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：參考上題。A.pursue追求；B.decide決定；C.evaluate評估；D.measure測量。根據空前“providedhimwiththenecessarysupportandencouragement”以及空后的“hismusicaldreams”可知，這里指父親為勃拉姆斯追求音樂夢想提供了必要的支持和鼓勵。故選A。【23題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他的家庭經濟困難，勃拉姆斯經常不得不打零工養(yǎng)活自己。A.emotionally情緒上；B.financially經濟上；C.physically身體上；D.mentally精神上。根據“Brahmsoftenhadtotakeoddjobstosupporthimself”可知，勃拉姆斯需要打零工來養(yǎng)活自己，由此可知，他的家庭經濟困難。故選B。【24題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管遇到了這些困難，他仍然繼續(xù)學習作曲，并致力于偉大作曲家的作品。A.adapted使適應；B.devoted獻身，致力，專心；C.limited限制；D.reduced減少。根據空前的“hestillcontinuedtostudycomposition”和空后的“himselftotheworksofgreatcomposers”可知，他繼續(xù)堅持學習作曲，并專心學習偉大作曲家的作品。devoteoneselft