2/2必修一Unit4單元自主檢測一、基礎(chǔ)詞匯檢查1.tornado n.2.drought n.3.landslide n.4.tsunami n.5.magnitude n.6.evacuate v.7.helicopter n.8.crack n.v.9.brick n.10.metal n.11.revive v.12.revival n.13.context n.14.volcano n.15.typhoon n.16.hurricane n.17.whistle v.n.18.summary n.19.n.災(zāi)難；災(zāi)害20.vi.&vt.（使）滑行；滑動21.vt.損害；破壞n.損壞；損失22.n.&vt.破壞；毀壞23.n.百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中24.n.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力25.vt.使落入險境；使陷入圈套n.險境；陷阱26.vt.埋葬；安葬27.vi.&vt.統(tǒng)一；（使）成一體28.vi.&vt.輕叩；輕敲；輕拍n.水龍頭；輕叩；輕敲29.n.避難處；居所；庇護vt.保護；掩蔽 vi.躲避（風(fēng)雨或危險）30.adj.鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的vt.使平靜；使鎮(zhèn)靜31.n.援助；幫助；救援物資vi.&vt.（formal）幫助；援助32.vt.&vi.碰撞；撞擊n.撞車；碰撞33.vt.&vi.打掃；清掃34.n.供應(yīng)（量）；補給；[pl.]補給品vt.供應(yīng)；供給二、單句語法填空1.（2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷）Inmoretechnicalterms,the（wise）ofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.2.(shock),thegracefulcompetitorjustsmiled（calm）whenshelearnedthatno（effect）measureshadbeentaken.3.Knowingthatyouwilladjustthebroadcasttimeslot,（long）andcolumn,Iamwritingtogivemysuggestions.4.Louise’sdreamoffindingthe（rescue）cametrueandnowthatshe’dreunitedwiththem，shehopedtostayconnectedforever.5.Thetrafficaccidentresultedfromthedriver’scarelessness，resultinginthe（die）of3people.6.To(summary),inmostcasestheschoolswereachievingthestandardsset.7.Somechildren（slide）ontheicehappilywhentheyheardsomeonecryingforhelp.8.Thelittlegirlsanktotheground,toofrightened（cry）.9.（2021·全國甲卷）Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（橫桿）,Ifellontothestones，（damage）anerveinmyhand.10.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosearegoodatrecognisingtheirownstrengths.11.Twofifthsofthebuildings（destroy）intheearthquakelastweekend,（leave）thewholeworldshocked.三、閱讀理解AHurricaneLaurahitLouisianaonThursdaywithstrongwindsandheavyrains.It’sthestrongesthurricanetohitLouisianainover150years,andhasleftbehindwidespreaddamage.Lauraisnowweaker,butisstillcausingdamageasitmoveson.Hurricanesarestrongstormswithfast,spinningwindsthatformoveroceans.Inahurricane,thewindsspininacircletowardthecenter,whichislowerinpressure.Asthehurricanemovesacrossthesea,itcollectswaterintohugespinningclouds.Thewaterisreleasedasrainasthehurricanehitsland.ExpertshavebeentrackingLaurasincemid-August.ItmovedthroughtheCaribbeanasatropicalstorm.Tropicalstormsarelikehurricanes,butwithslowerwinds.Still,thestormwasstrongenoughtokill25peopleasitmovedacrossHaitiandtheDominicanRepublic.AsitcameclosertothecoastofLouisianaonWednesday,Lauragatheredstrength,becomingaCategory4Hurricane—thesecondstrongestpossible.Over500，000peoplealongthecoastweretoldtheyneededtoleavetheirhomes.HurricaneLauramadelandfallinCameron,LouisianaearlyinthemorningonThursday.Withwindsblowingat150milesperhour(240kilometersperhour),itwasLouisiana’sstrongesthurricanesince1856.Afterhittingland,Lauramovedslowlynorth,bringingheavyrainsa0ndflooding,andleavingapathofwreckedhomesandbuildingsbehind.Allthroughthestate,treeswereknockeddown,damaginghousesandtakingoutpowerlines.Foroverninehours,Laura’swindsremainedathurricanespeeds.AlmostnoareaofLouisianaescaped.Weatherexpertshadpredictedamassivestormsurge（風(fēng)暴潮）upto20feet(6meters)inheight.Luckily,thestormsurgewasnotaslargeaspredicted,thoughitstillreachedheightsofupto10feet(3meters).Over880,000peoplewereleftwithoutpower,andupto100，000peoplehavebeenleftwithoutdrinkingwater.Atleastfourpeoplehavedied.1.Whatdowelearnabouthurricanes?A.Theystartunderthesea. B.Theycomewithlightning.C.Theycancauseheavyrain. D.Theycomeafterheavyrain.2.Comparedwithtropicalstorms，hurricanes.A.lastlonger B.arestrongerC.travelmoreslowly D.causelessdamage3.HowdoestheauthorshowthepowerofHurricaneLaura?A.Bylistingsomenumbers. B.Byquotingsomeexperts.C.Bygivingsomeexamples. D.Byofferingsometheories.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowHurricanesTakePlace B.HowHurricanesAreFormedC.HurricaneLauraDoesGreatHarm D.HurricaneLauraAttacksLouisianaB（2024·湖南名校聯(lián)考）Dronesareincreasinglyflyinginourskies,capturingimages,managingcropsandsoon，deliveringpackages.Butwhatdothebirdsmakeofthisinvasionoftheirterritory?Withstrictanimalethicsapproval,weflewdronestowardsflocksofbirdsinQueensland’sMoretonBay.Wefoundmanyspecieswerenotdisturbed，providedthedronewassmallandflewabove60m.Theexceptionwasthecriticallyendangeredeasterncurlews（杓鷸）,whichbecamealarmedandflewaway—evenwhenatinydroneapproachedatthemaximumlegalaltitudeof120m.Butwheneasterncurlewstookflight,othernearbyspecieswereoftenstartled，creatingadominoeffectthateventuallycausedthewholeflocktotakeflight.Dronedisturbancecaninterruptbirdsastheyrestorfeed.Itcanevencausethemtoavoidsomelocationsaltogether.Ifthebirdsareconsistentlyinterruptedorscaredawayfromtheirpreferredhabitats,theymayfinditdifficulttoeatandrestenoughtosurviveandreproduce.Thisisparticularlyconcerningforspeciessuchaseasterncurlews,whichmigratethousandsofkilometrestobreed.Westudiedadiversegroupofbirdstypicallyfoundalongcoastlines,knownasshorebirds.Heartbreakingly,theirglobalpopulationhasplummetedastheycontinuetobattlehabitatdestruction,sealevelrise,disturbanceandhunting.Thelastfewdecadeshavebeenbleakfortheeasterncurlew,whichistheworld’slargestmigratoryshorebird.Researchin2011indicatedapopulationdeclineof80%overthreegenerations.Whiledronesareunlikelytohaveplayedamajorroleinshorebirddeclinesofar,ourresults,combinedwiththeincreasingpresenceofdronesalongourcoastline,indicatetheycouldbecomeyetanothersourceofdisturbanceforthesebirds,manyofwhicharealreadyendangered.Dronescanbebeneficialinmanyways,butwemustidentifywhenandhowdronescanbeusedtominimisepotentialharm.Insomelocations,suchassomeAustraliannationalparks,droneuseisalreadyprohibitedorrestricted.Butmanagersneedtounderstandhowdronesaffectwildlifetoinformtheseregulations.5.What’stheproblemwitheasterncurlews?A.Theyarebeingkilled. B.Theyarebeingdisturbed.C.Theirsafetyisbeingthreatened. D.Theirhabitatsarebeingdamaged.6.Whatdowelearnabouteasterncurlews?A.Theyareabletoflyabove120meters. B.Theycan’tfindaplacetoeatandrest.C.Theyadapttotheenvironmentquickly. D.Theyaresensitivetotheirsurroundings.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummeted”inParagraph5mean?A.Reducedsharply. B.Increasedrapidly.C.Recoveredslowly. D.Changedgradually.8.What’stheauthor’sfinalconclusionaboutdrones?A.Theyposenothreattoeasterncurlews.B.Theyshouldbeforbiddenneartheshores.C.Theyshouldbeusedundercertainregulations.D.Theybenefiteasterncurlewsinanumberofways.四．閱讀七選五UnderEmperorWu（156－87BCE）,theWesternHanreachedthepeakofitspower.TheWesternRegionswereopened.9.China’ssilkwasthemaincommoditytransportedalongthisroad,soitwascalledtheSilkRoad.ItplayedanimportantpartinpromotingtradeandculturalexchangesbetweentheEastandtheWest.10,whichispresent-dayXi’an,capitalofShaanxiProvince,passingthroughGansuandXinjiangtoCentralAsia,WestAsia,andtolandsbytheMediterranean.TherewerenosignsofcommunicationbetweenancientChinesecivilizationandMediterraneancivilizationinearlierhistory.InabouttheseventhcenturyBCE,theancientGreeksbegantolearnaboutanancientcivilizationtotheEast,yetknewlittleaboutit.11.YetrealcommunicationbetweenChina,CentralandWestAsiancountries,AfricaandtheEuropeancontinentdidnotdevelopuntiltheopeningoftheSilkRoad.TheSilkRoadfunctionednotonlyasatraderoute,butalsoasabridgethatlinkedtheancientcivilizationsofChina,India,theMesopotamianplains,Egypt,andGreece.12.TheSilkRoadservedasthemaincha