考點(diǎn)29閱讀理解主旨大意題(重難題型)

高考閱讀理解對(duì)文章的主旨大意進(jìn)行命題，旨在考查考生通過對(duì)原文快速瀏覽正確

獲取語篇的大意，并對(duì)文章的主題、標(biāo)題、段落、中心思想加以歸納理解以及辨別主要信息和次要信

息的能力。要求考生在閱讀短文時(shí)，能夠提煉文章的中心情節(jié)，體會(huì)作者的主要意圖，充分運(yùn)用邏輯概括

能力，透過字里行間獲取文章最具代表性的觀點(diǎn)、中心論點(diǎn)及作者的情感傾向。

在高考閱讀理解中，針對(duì)短文主旨常見的命題形式如下：

(1)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?/Whatisthetopicofthetext?

(2)Themaintopic/subjectofthepassageis.

(3)Themainidea/Thegeneralideais/Themainthemeofthispassageis...

(4)Thelastparagraphendsthepassagewithanemphasison.

(5)Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?

(6)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

(7)Whafsthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?

(8)Thepurposeofthispassageis.

(9)Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythetext?

(10)Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizedthepassage?

(11)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.

從上述命題形式可以看出，此類閱讀測(cè)試題主要可概括為兩大類，即怎樣理解段落及文章整體的中心

思想和怎樣擬定或選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題。下面結(jié)合高考題實(shí)例來具體分析此類題目的解題技巧。

怎樣理解段落及文章整體的主旨大意

——主題句定位法

文章是由段落組成的。段落是發(fā)展一個(gè)主題的一群句子，段落圍繞著中心思想展開，而段落的中心思

想又是為文章整體的中心思想服務(wù)的。尋找具體段落的中心思想的方法是：通過分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出每小

段的主題句，通過主題句找出文章的主題。找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句是確定文章主旨大意的關(guān)鍵。主題是文章要

表達(dá)的中心思想，文章的主題句通常都有一個(gè)話題，它是文章的核心。"主題句定位法”是一種行之有效的方

法。

但是由于文章的不同，表現(xiàn)的手法也各有不同，主題句出現(xiàn)的位置也不是一成不變的。在許多情況下，

尤其在閱讀說明文和議論文時(shí)，根據(jù)其篇章特點(diǎn)我們可以通過尋找短文的主題句來歸納出文章的主題。主

題句在文章中的位置通常有三種情況：開頭、中間、結(jié)尾（含在開頭結(jié)尾同時(shí)出現(xiàn)、首尾呼應(yīng)的主題句）。

因此，仔細(xì)閱讀這類文章或段落的首尾句是關(guān)鍵。做主旨大意類試題多采用瀏覽法（skimming）,瀏覽時(shí)，一

般不需逐句細(xì)讀，只選讀文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重點(diǎn)搜索主題線索和主題信息。

文章主題常常可以通過文章的寫作方法來體現(xiàn)，有以下五種情況：

1.中心主題句出現(xiàn)在文首

開門見山，提出主題，隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋、支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想。這是英語中最常見

的演繹法寫作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出觀點(diǎn)，后舉例論證，主題句則出現(xiàn)在段首的寫作方法。

新聞報(bào)道通常就采用這種寫法。新聞報(bào)道的首句通常稱為“新聞導(dǎo)語”，“導(dǎo)語”實(shí)際上就是主題句，是對(duì)

全文內(nèi)容的高度概括。大意題、標(biāo)題一般可在第一句話找到答題依據(jù)。

,經(jīng)典殍題

[2022年全國(guó)甲卷B篇】

Goffin'scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshaperecognition

abilitiestoahumantwoyearold.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattooluse

whilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclear

frontoftheboxhada“keyhole“inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped"keys"to

choosefrom.Insertingthecorrect^tkey^^wouldletoutthenut.

Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryear

beforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical（對(duì)稱的）shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewill

needtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan"allocentricframeofreference”.Inthe

experiment,Goffin'scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.

Wheretrialanderrorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin's

cockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwoyearold

babies.

Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisual

clues（線索），oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.

27.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckersB.Cockatoos:IndependentLearners

C.Cockatoos:CleverSignalReadersD.Cockatoos:SkilfulShapeSorters

27.【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，再結(jié)合文章第一段"Coffin'scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativeto

Australasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshaperecognitionabilitiestoahumantwoyearold.（科芬的鳳頭鸚鵡是

一種原產(chǎn)于大洋洲的小鸚鵡，它的形狀識(shí)別能力與兩歲的人類相似）”可推知，本文主要介紹了會(huì)識(shí)別形狀

的鳳頭鸚鵡。D項(xiàng)“Cockatoos:SkilfulShapeSorters（鳳頭鸚鵡：識(shí)別形狀的熟練工）”符合文意，最適合作為

本文標(biāo)題。故選D。

2.主題句出現(xiàn)在文尾

在細(xì)節(jié)后，歸納要點(diǎn)、印象、結(jié)論、建議或結(jié)果，以概括主題。這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式，

即細(xì)節(jié)表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主題句則常位于末段。

,經(jīng)典殍題

【2021全國(guó)甲卷D篇】

Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.

Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.But

wewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeopleareso

muchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?

Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.

Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthe

standardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidethe

club-women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.

AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboysto

saythatmembersoftheirgender（性另U）are"really,reallysmart."Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsact

onthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare"really,really

smart."Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbeediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakea

geniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.

Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalmunication,we'reallpositionedtosee

flashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors（因

素）likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,future

geniusesefromthosewith"intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅力），andsimplegoodfortune,whoare

abletochangetheworld."

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.GeniusesThinkAlike

B.GeniusTakesManyForms

C.GeniusandIntelligence

D.GeniusandLuck

4.【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意題。A項(xiàng)（天才的想法相同）文章沒有涉及；C項(xiàng)（天才和智力）只是文章的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)不

能作為文章的主旨；D項(xiàng)（天才和運(yùn)氣）也只是在文章的最后稍微提起，也只是文章的一個(gè)小細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)

文章的最后——句Asawritersays,futuregeniusesefromthosewith"intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅力）,

andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”正如一位作家所說，未來的天才來自那些具有“智

慧、創(chuàng)造力和毅力”的人和簡(jiǎn)單的好運(yùn)，那些能改變世界的人?？v觀全文可知，天成具有多樣性，故選B

項(xiàng)。

Lacrosse（曲棍球）isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainfor

war.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.

Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.

Thegoalisanet.Therearetenplayersoneachteam.Eachplayerhasastickcalled64cross”.Theplayerhitaball

intothenetasmanytimesaspossible.Lacrosseisaveryfastgamebecausetheplayerscancatchandpasstheball

atahighspeedwiththeirsticks.Playersoftengetgreatfunitplayinglacrosse.

TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthe

lacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.

AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.

l.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.HowtoPlayLacrosse

B.LacrosseinCanada

C.TheHistoryofLacrosse

D.Lacrosse-APopularGameinCanada

【答案】D

【解析】作者先后兩次提到“長(zhǎng)曲棍球在加拿大很受歡迎”，顯然選項(xiàng)D最符合短文的主題。

4.中心主題隱含在全文之中，沒有明確的主題句

閱讀這樣的文章，就要求考生根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)來分析，概括出段落的主題，從而推導(dǎo)出文章的主旨。

分析的方法是，先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，然后加以歸納

形成主題。該類型的試題則迎刃而解。

[2022年全國(guó)甲卷C篇】

AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins（企鵝）

longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeepersweledherandkickstartedwhatwastobeatripGinniwould

neverforget.

Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer（職業(yè)）asa

professionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingand

hersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotakethepluege.

AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventually

gettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlastminutecheap

dealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmerican

mainland.ctIjustdecidedIwantedtogo,“shesays."IhadnoideaaboutwhatI'dfindthereandIwasn'tnervous,I

justwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”

InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe'dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowards

Antarctica.t4Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftan

impressiononmethatnootherplacehas,“Ginnisays."IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustrose

outofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperatic

soundsitwasmakingunderwater.

Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithome

toGinni.

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Achildhooddream.B.Anunforgettableexperience.

C.Sailingaroundtheworld.D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.

31.【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了GinniBalinton去南極旅行的經(jīng)歷，再根據(jù)第一段

“ThesegentlelovelygatekeepersweledherandkickstartedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.（這些

溫柔可愛的看門人歡迎了她，并開始了一次Ginni永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記的旅行）”和倒數(shù)第二段GinniBalinton對(duì)南

極之旅的評(píng)價(jià)可知，文章主要介紹了GinniBalinton去南極洲之旅讓她非常難忘。由此可知，Anunforgettable

experience.（一次難忘的經(jīng)歷）能夠概括文章主旨。故選B。

4.主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的中間

通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出，而后又作進(jìn)一步

的解釋、支撐或發(fā)展。

TheSaharaFestivalisacelebrationoftheveryrecentpast.Thethreedayeventisnotfixedtothesamedates

eachyear,butgenerallytakesplaceinNovemberorDecember.Itiswellattendedbytourists,butevenbetter

attendedbylocals.

Duringtheopeningceremonies,aftertheofficialgreetingsfromthegovernmentleaders,peoplewhoattend

thefestivalbegintomarchsmartlybeforetheviewingstands,andwhitecamelstransporttheirridersacrossthe

sands.Horsemenfromdifferentnationsdisplaytheirbeautifulclothesandtheirfinehorsemanship.Onefollowing

another,groupsofmusiciansanddancersfromallovertheSaharataketheirturntoshowofftheirwonderful

traditionalculture.Groupsofmeninblueandyellowplayhornsandbeatdrumsastheydanceindifferentdesigns.

Ontheirkneesinthesand,agroupofwomeninlongdarkdressesdancewiththeirhair:theirlong,dark,shinyhair

isthrownbackandforthinthewindtotherhythmoftheirdance.

67.Thispassagemainlytellsreaders.

A.whathappensontheopeningdayoftheSaharaFestival

B.howpeoplecelebrateduringthethreedaySaharaFestival

C.whattakesplaceattheclosingceremoniesoftheSaharaFestival

D.howanimalsraceonthefirstandthelastdaysoftheSaharaFestival

【答案】A

【解析】從文中第二段第一句話“Duringtheopeningceremonies,”可以看出，本文主要是介紹“撒哈拉節(jié)”開幕

式上的活動(dòng)。答案選A。

怎樣給閱讀文章整體加注標(biāo)題

、方法技巧,

——高度概括法

對(duì)文章主旨大意的考察，不僅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出現(xiàn)，而且也可以用選擇

或擬定文章標(biāo)題的形式出現(xiàn)。因此，選擇文章標(biāo)題，首先可以按照主旨大意的確定方式，先弄清文章的主

旨大意，再定標(biāo)題。

標(biāo)題位于文章之首，用來高度概括文章內(nèi)容，點(diǎn)明文章主題。它是段落中心思想最精練的表達(dá)形式。

標(biāo)題可幫助讀者迅速推測(cè)出整篇文章的主要內(nèi)容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的觀點(diǎn)和意圖。那么如何選

擇文章的標(biāo)題呢？

首先，要考慮標(biāo)題對(duì)文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何。一般要求能覆蓋全文內(nèi)容，體

現(xiàn)文章主旨。要避免下列三種情況：①概括不夠（多表現(xiàn)為部分代整體，從而導(dǎo)致范圍太?。?；②過

度概括（多表現(xiàn)為脫離本文章內(nèi)容的發(fā)揮）；③以事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)替代抽象具體的大意。

其次，要考慮標(biāo)題的針對(duì)性，即標(biāo)題范圍要恰當(dāng)，針對(duì)性強(qiáng)。要在閱讀原文的基礎(chǔ)上，

仔細(xì)考慮所選標(biāo)題與文章主題是否有密切的關(guān)系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大則中心就不突出，

太小也發(fā)揮不了應(yīng)起的作用；精確度高，不能隨意改變語言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是單詞、短語，

也可以是句子。

再次要注意標(biāo)題的醒目性，標(biāo)題的選擇要簡(jiǎn)潔、突出、新穎，標(biāo)題是文章的點(diǎn)睛之筆，是文章的靈魂

和門面。標(biāo)題的好壞往往影響了文章的可讀性，讀者常常從標(biāo)題上決定文章的閱讀取舍。故標(biāo)題一般

比較醒目，甚至比較離奇，以此來吸引讀者對(duì)文章的興趣。

最后要注意，要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡x好標(biāo)題，還需要了解標(biāo)題的基本擬定方法。一般說來，擬定標(biāo)題是以話題為

核心，與控制性概念的詞按一定的語法濃縮為概括主題句或中心思想的詞組。比如某一文章的中心句

為：CHINAissuedthefirstsetofstampsdepictingthetop128ChinesefamilynamesonThursdayNov.18th

2004inBeijing.

話題：Stamps

控制性概念：CHINAissuedthefirstsetofstampsdepictingthetop128Chinesefamilynames

標(biāo)題：Chinaissued1stsetofstampsonfamilynames

模擬檢磯

Passage1

（2021?福建南平?二模）Independentlivingathomeistheidealforeveryagingperson.Butafallorother

healththreateningincidentscanchangeeverythingrapidly.

Thewearable"panicbuttons^^introducedinthelate1980swereagreatadvance.Buttheyonlyworkifpeople

actuallywearthemandcanreachthebuttoninanemergency.Todaytherearepassivewearablesthatautomatically

detectfalls,andcamerabasedsystemstomonitoreldersafety.

ingfroma40yearcareerinthesemiconductorandwirelessmunicationfield,RafiZackdecidedtofinda

betteralternative.""Peoplearen'tdevotedtowearingsmalldevices24/7,andcamerabasedsystemsareaninvasion

（侵才［J）ofprivacy,9,hepointsout,“Themostchallengingaspectisafall.Howfastwecandetectafallmatters

becausethemedicalsituationworsensquickly.Sometimespeoplestayonthefloorforalongtime.Wehavetofind

outhowtosolvethatproblem.^^

Zackisacofounder,CEOandvicepresidentofR&DatEchoCareTechnologieswhichhasdevelopedECHO

（ElderlyCareHomeObserver）,acloudconnectedmonitorbasedonradartechnologyandmachinelearning.

Becauseradarseesthroughwalls,oneECHOunitfixedontheceilingorwallcanmonitoroneperson（ortwo

persons,inafutureversion）inastandardsizedapartmentinaseniorlivingfacility.Thedevicedetectsfalls,

breathingdifficulties,drowninginabathtubandotherdangerousevents.Itgivesoutwarningstopotentialhealth

worseningconditionsbycontinuouslymonitoringandanalyzingtheperson'slocation,posture（姿勢(shì)），motionand

breath.EchoCaretestedthedeviceintheUnitedStates,Japan,AustraliaandIsrael.ECHOwascertified（認(rèn)證）in

2019inJapanwiththemostagingpopulationintheworld.

""Bathroomswerethemaintestingareawhereabout17,000deadlyaccidentshappenannually.^^saidSMK

DirectorandExecutiveVicePresidentTetsuoHara."'Bathroommakers,homesecurityserviceprovidersand

nursinghomesarehighlyinterestedinEchoCare?ssolution.Zacknoted,“Asmoreandmoreelderpeoplelive

aloneasaresultofsocialdistancing,thereisanincreasedneedtomonitorthemwithouttheburdenofwearablesor

privacyinvadingcameras.9,

1.WhafstheadvantageofECHOover"panicbuttons”?

A.Ithascamerabasedsystems.B.Ithasbeenwidelyaccepted.

C.Itcanfunctionwithoutcameras.D.Itsbuttonscanbeeasilyreached.

2.WhatcanweknowaboutECHOfromparagraph5?

A.Itisdesignedtosendoutwarningsregularly.

B.Itmonitorsdangeroushealthrelatedevents.

C.Itwascertifiedinmanydevelopedcountries.

D.Itdetectsmorethanonepersonatthesametime.

3.WhatcanweinferaboutthefutureofECHO?

A.If11beemorepopularwiththeelderly.

B.It511stop17,000deathshappeningannually.

C.Ifllbeusedinnursinghomesandhospitals.

D.It'llhelpelderlypeopletoliveanactivelife.

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.AnAdvancedMedicalInstrument

B.AHightechMonitorfortheElderly

C.TheInventionofaHealthcareDevice

D.TheImprovementofaMedicalFacility

【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要講述了在家獨(dú)立生活是每個(gè)老年人的理想選擇。但是，跌倒或其他危害健

康的事件可能會(huì)迅速改變一切。EchoCareTechnologies該公司開發(fā)了ECHO（老人護(hù)理家庭觀察者），這是

一種基于雷達(dá)技術(shù)和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的云連接顯示器。該設(shè)備可以檢測(cè)到跌倒，呼吸困難，溺水淹沒浴缸和其他

危險(xiǎn)事件。

1.【答案】C

［解析］細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Buttheyonlyworkifpeopleactuallywearthemandcanreachthebuttoninan

emergency."（但是，只有在人們實(shí)際佩戴它們并且在緊急情況下可以到達(dá)按鈕時(shí)，它們才起作用。）以及第

四段“Zackisacofounder,CEOandvicepresidentofR&DatEchoCareTechnologieswhichhasdevelopedECHO

（ElderlyCareHomeObserver）,acloudconnectedmonitorbasedonradartechnologyandmachinelearning.（Zack

是EchoCareTechnologies的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人，首席執(zhí)行官兼研發(fā)副總裁，該公司開發(fā)了ECHO（老人護(hù)理家庭

觀察者），這是一種基于雷達(dá)技術(shù)和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的云連接顯示器。）可知，ECH是機(jī)遇雷達(dá)技術(shù)和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的

云連接顯示器。以及最后一段最后一句話"withouttheburdenofwearablesorprivacyinvadingcameras”可知，

ECHO讓老人不承受可穿戴設(shè)備或侵犯隱私的相機(jī)的負(fù)擔(dān)。所以C項(xiàng)說法正確。故選C項(xiàng)。

2.【答案】B

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段"Thedevicedetectsfalls,breathingdifficulties,drowninginabathtubandother

dangerousevents.Itgivesoutwarningstopotentialhealthworseningconditionsbycontinuouslymonitoringand

analyzingtheperson'slocation,posture（姿勢(shì)），motionandbreath.”（該設(shè)備可以檢測(cè)到跌倒，呼吸困難，溺水

淹沒浴缸和其他危險(xiǎn)事件。通過持續(xù)監(jiān)視和分析人員的位置，姿勢(shì)（姿勢(shì)），運(yùn)動(dòng)和呼吸，它可以警告潛

在的健康狀況惡化狀況。）可知，該設(shè)備不僅僅發(fā)送警告信號(hào)，同時(shí)可以檢測(cè)和分析一系列危險(xiǎn)事件。A項(xiàng)

說法錯(cuò)誤。以及"ECHOwascertified（認(rèn)證）in2019inJapanwiththemostagingpopulationintheworld.”（ECHO

于2019年在日本獲得了世界上人口老齡化最多的認(rèn)證（認(rèn)證）。）可知，只在日本獲得了認(rèn)證。C項(xiàng)說法錯(cuò)

誤。D項(xiàng)文中未提及。故選B項(xiàng)。

3.【答案】A

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Bathroomswerethemaintestingareawhereabout17,000deadlyaccidents

happenannually.（浴室是主要的測(cè)試區(qū)域，每年約發(fā)生17,000起致命事故。）以及“Bathroommakers,home

securityserviceprovidersandnursinghomesarehighlyinterestedinEchoCare^solution.”（浴室制造商，家庭安全

服務(wù)提供商和療養(yǎng)院對(duì)EchoCare的解決方案非常感興趣。）可知，每年在浴室會(huì)發(fā)生17000起致命的事故是，

不是死亡。B項(xiàng)說法錯(cuò)誤。文中提到浴室制造商，家庭安全服務(wù)商以及療養(yǎng)院會(huì)感興趣。所以C項(xiàng)說法錯(cuò)

誤。D項(xiàng)文中未提及。故選A項(xiàng)。

4.【答案】B

【解析1主旨大意題o根據(jù)第——段"Independentlivingathomeistheidealforeveryagingperson.Butafallor

otherhealththreateningincidentscanchangeeverythingrapidly.★在家獨(dú)立生活是每個(gè)老年人的理想選擇。但是,

跌倒或其他危害健康的事件可能會(huì)迅速改變一切。）以及第四段“Zackisacofounder,CEOandvicepresidentof

R&DatEchoCareTechnologieswhichhasdevelopedECHO（ElderlyCareHomeObserver）,acloudconnected

monitorbasedonradartechnologyandmachinelearning.（Zack是EchoCareTechnologies的聯(lián)合倉(cāng)始人，首席執(zhí)

行官兼研發(fā)副總裁，該公司開發(fā)了ECHO（老人護(hù)理家庭觀察者），這是一種基于雷達(dá)技術(shù)和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的

云連接顯示器。）可知，本文主要介紹了ECHO,這是一種基于雷達(dá)技術(shù)和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的云連接顯示器，旨在

監(jiān)測(cè)老人的安全。故選B項(xiàng)。

Passage2

（2021-山西晉中?三模）Youngchildrenwhohaveexperiencedpassionate（有同情心的）loveandempathy

（認(rèn)同感）fromtheirmothersmaybemorewillingtoturnthoughtsintoactionbybeinggeneroustoothers,a

UniversityofCalifornia,Davis'studysuggests.

Inlabstudies,childrentestedatages4and6showedmorewillingnesstogiveupthetokens（代金券）they

hadearnedtofictionalchildreninneedwhentwoconditionswerepresent-iftheyshowedbodilychangeswhen

giventheopportunitytoshareandhadexperiencedpositiveparentingthatmodeledsuchkindness.Thestudy

initiallyincluded74preschoolagechildrenandtheirmothers.Theywereinvitedbacktwoyearslater,resultingin

54motherchildpairswhosebehaviorsandreactionswereanalyzedwhenthechildrenwere6.

“Atbothages,childrenwithbetterphysiologicalregulationandwithmotherswhoexpressedstronger

passionatelovewerelikelytodonatemoreoftheirearnings,9,saidPaulHastings,UCDavisprofessorof

psychology,"'passionatemotherslikelydevelopemotionallycloserelationshipswiththeirchildrenwhilealso

providinganearlyexampleofsatisfyingtheneedsofothers,9,researcherssaidinthestudy,publishedinNovember

inFrontiersinPsychology^^EmotionScience.

Ineachlabexercise,afterattachingamonitortorecordchildren'sheartrateactivity,theexaminertoldthe

childrentheywouldbeearningtokensforavarietyofactivities,andthatthetokenscouldbeturnedinforaprize.

Thetokenswereputintoabox,andeachchildeventuallyearned20prizetokens.Thenbeforethesessionended,

childrenweretoldtheycoulddonateallorpartoftheirtokenstootherchildren.

Takentogether,thefindingsshowedthatchildren'sgenerosityissupportedbythebinationoftheir

socializationexperiences-theirmothers9passionatelove-andtheirphysiologicalregulation,andthatthesework

like""internalandexternalsupportsfortheabilitytoactprosociallythatbuildoneachother^^.

Inadditiontoobservingthechildren'spropensity（習(xí)'性）todonatetheirgameearnings,Hastingssuggested

that“beinginacalmerstateaftersharingcouldreinforce（力口強(qiáng)）thegenerousbehaviorthatproducedthatgood

feeling.^^

5.Howdoyoungchildrenlovedbytheirmothertendtobeeinlateryears?

A.Considerate.B.Emotional.

C.Generous.D.Optimistic.

6.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theprocessoftheresearch.B.Theresultoftheexperiment.

C.Thereactionsofthechildren.D.TheimportanceofMom'slove.

7.AccordingtoHastings,whatfactorcouldstrengthenchildren'sgoodbehaviors?

A.Theirmomslovethemdeeply.B.Theydonatethetokenseasily.

C.Theybehavephysiologically.D.Theyarecalmeraftersharing.

8.Whatisprobablythebesttitleofthispassage?

A.WhatContributestoGenerosity?

B.TheMoreYouGive,theCalmerYouWillBe

C.DoYouPrefertoReceiveorGive?

D.MoreGiving,LessReceiving

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。介紹在小時(shí)候從母親那里學(xué)到的惻隱之心和認(rèn)同之情的孩子比同齡人更慷慨。

5.【答案】C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段“Youngchildrenwhohaveexperiencedpassionate（有同情心的）loveand

empathy（認(rèn)同感）fromtheirmothersmaybemorewillingtoturnthoughtsintoactionbybeinggeneroustoothers,

aUniversityofCalifornia,Davis5studysuggests.”（加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校的一項(xiàng)研究表明，那些經(jīng)歷過母親慈

悲之愛和同情心的孩子，可能更愿意通過慷慨對(duì)待他人，將想法轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng)。）可知，早期受到母親關(guān)愛

的孩子后期往往變得更加慷慨。選項(xiàng)C與文意相符，故選C。

6.【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意題。通讀第二段內(nèi)容可知，該段介紹了對(duì)74名學(xué)齡前兒童進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)。首先在實(shí)驗(yàn)室針

對(duì)兩種情況對(duì)他們進(jìn)行模仿測(cè)試，兩年后又對(duì)這些母子的行為和反應(yīng)進(jìn)行分析。說明本段介紹的是研究的

過程。選項(xiàng)A與文意相符，故選A。

7.【答案】D

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的"Hastingssuggestedthat"beinginacalmerstateaftersharingcould

reinforcethegenerousbehaviorthatproducedthatgoodfeeling.”（Hastings認(rèn)為，”分享后處于更平靜的狀態(tài)可

以加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)生那種良好感覺的慷慨行為"）可知，分享后更平靜的狀態(tài)可以加強(qiáng)慷慨行為,選項(xiàng)D與文意相符，

故選D。

8.【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特另U是根據(jù)第——段“Youngchildrenwhohaveexperienced...generoustoothers,

aUniversityofCalifornia,Davis9studysuggests.”（加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校的一項(xiàng)研究表明，那些經(jīng)歷過母親慈

悲之愛和同情心的孩子，可能更愿意通過慷慨對(duì)待他人，將想法轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng)。）可知，文章介紹的是小時(shí)

候從母親那里學(xué)到的惻隱之心和認(rèn)同之情的孩子比同齡人更慷慨。選項(xiàng)A與文意相符，故選A。

Passage3

（2021-山西晉中?三模）NearlyeveryoneknowseBayisawebsitewhereyoucanbuyandsellprettymuch

anything.ThereareotherInternetauction（拍賣）sites,butnoneeclosetoeBayforbrandnamerecognition.Andfor

goodreason:eBayisthelargestEnglishlanguageonlineauctionsiteintheworld.BuyersetoeBayforthebest

chanceoffindingtheparticularthingtheywant.Sellerseforthelargestpoolofbuyers,whichtheyhopemeansthe

bestchanceofsellingatthehighestpossibleprice.

BuyingthingsoneBayisprettysimple.Youcantypeatermintothesearchfield,orclickthroughthe

categorieslisttogettowhatyouwant.Insideanindividualitemlisting,you'llseethecurrentaskingprice,anda

littlebuttontoclickifyouwishtoplaceyourownbid.Enteraprice,occasionallyebacktoseeifsomeonehasbid

higherthanyouandwaitfortheendoftheauctionperiod.Ifyourbidisthehighest,youwin!Nowallyouhaveto

doisarrangepaymentandshippingmethodwiththeseller.eBayisonlyinthebusinessofputtingbuyersand

sellerstogetherforasmallfeefromtheseller.Itdoesn'thandletheactualpaymentorshippingofgoods.Inother

words,itisn'tabigdepartmentstore,orawarehouse.Ifstheownerofafleamarket,andyouhavetodoyourown

dealswiththeindividualsellersintheirvirtualstalls.

TobeaskillfuleBaybuyer,youshouldlearnwhentotrustsellersandhowaproxy（代理人）bidcansaveyou

fromgoingonlineeveryhalfhourtoupyourbid.ExperiencedeBayusersalsoknowhowtouseescrows（公正托管）

toguaranteegoods,andhowtoavoidsellingtrickssuchasfakebidsthatpushupprices.Themoreoftenyoubuy

oneBay,themoreyoulearn.

9.WhyiseBaythebestwebsiteforpeopletobuyandsellthings?

A.Becauseithasallbrandproducts.

B.BecausethetradelanguageisEnglish.

C.Becausesellersandbuyerscanclosetheirdeals.

D.Becausesellerscanfindaswimmingpoolthere.

10.Whatshouldyoudofirstifyouwanttobuysomethingatthesite?

A.Findthecurrentaskingprice.

B.Clickabuttontoplaceyourownbid.

C.Enterapricewhichishigherthanothers.

D.Findwhatyouwantinthecategorieslist

11.Whatshouldthebuyerdoifhe/shewinsthebid?

A.GetgoodsfromeBay.

B.Determinepaymentandshipment.

C.Sendsomebodyforthegoods.

D.Talkaboutthepriceofthegoods.

12.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthelastparagraph?

A.HowtobeaskillfulbuyerateBay.

B.Howtomakesureofqualifiedgoods.

C.Howtoavoidbeingcheatedbyothers.

D.Howtospareyoufromgoingonlinefrequently.

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了一個(gè)可讓全球網(wǎng)民上網(wǎng)買賣物品的線上拍賣及購(gòu)物網(wǎng)站eBay,以及如

何進(jìn)行買賣的技巧等。

9.【答案】C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“NearlyeveryoneknowseBayisawebsitewhereyoucanbuyandsellpretty

muchanything.”（幾乎所有人都知道eBay是個(gè)網(wǎng)站，你可以買賣任何東西。）及“BuyersetoeBayfbrthebest

chanceoffindingtheparticularthingtheywant.Sellerseforthelargestpoolofbuyers,whichthey

hopemeansthebestchanceofsellingatthehighestpossibleprice.”（買家來eBay是為了找到他們想要的東西。

賣家的目標(biāo)是最大的買家群體，他們希望這意味著最有可能以最高價(jià)格賣出的機(jī)會(huì)。）可知，eBay是人們

買賣物品的最佳網(wǎng)站是因?yàn)樵趀Bay,買賣雙方都能成交，選項(xiàng)C與文意相符，故選C。

10.【答案】D

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“BuyingthingsoneBayisprettysimple.Youcantypeatermintothesearch

field,orclickthroughthecategorieslisttogettowhatyouwant.5,（在eBay上買東西很簡(jiǎn)單。您可以在搜索字

段中鍵入術(shù)語，或者通過單擊類別列表來獲得所需的內(nèi)容。）可知，如果你要在網(wǎng)站買東西，你需要在分

類列表中找到你想要的或在搜索欄鍵入你需要的東西。選項(xiàng)D與文意相符，故選D。

11.【答案】B

（解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ifyourbidisthehighest,youwin!Nowallyouhavetodoisarrangepayment

andshippingmethodwiththeseller."（如果你的出價(jià)最高，你就贏了！現(xiàn)在你所要做的就是與賣方安排付款

和裝運(yùn)方式。）可知，在你獲勝之后，你需要的是安排支付和裝運(yùn)的方式。選項(xiàng)B與文意相符，故選B。

12.【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句"TobeaskillfuleBaybuyer,youshouldlearnwhentotrustsellersand

howaproxy