第10講間讀理解

目錄

學(xué)業(yè)要求

.............................................................................................................................................................1

考點(diǎn)梳理

.............................................................................................................................................................1

考點(diǎn)一細(xì)節(jié)理解題........................................................................5

考點(diǎn)二主旨大意題........................................................................2

考點(diǎn)三推理判斷題........................................................................3

考點(diǎn)四詞義猜測(cè)題........................................................................4

過(guò)關(guān)檢泅

............................................................................................................................................................18

01學(xué)業(yè)要求

1.熟悉語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型和語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)

2.明確命題方向和命題規(guī)律

3.掌握做題技巧

考點(diǎn)輸理

細(xì)節(jié)理解題題目是針對(duì)考生對(duì)文中的具體信息的掌握情況進(jìn)行考察，首先要明白事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)類(lèi)問(wèn)題的設(shè)

問(wèn)方式：一般這類(lèi)題目圍繞who,what,which,why,when,where,how,等問(wèn)題進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。

一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解題技巧:

1.根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中的疑問(wèn)詞和關(guān)鍵詞初步定位答案所處的段落，然后利用略讀的方式在本段落查找相關(guān)內(nèi)容,

找到之后要細(xì)心研讀此部分內(nèi)容，并仔細(xì)對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，對(duì)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行排除。

2.對(duì)題干中沒(méi)有關(guān)鍵詞的題目，這就要從選項(xiàng)入手，在選項(xiàng)中尋找關(guān)鍵詞，然后定位原文內(nèi)容，逐一進(jìn)

行核實(shí)。這種細(xì)節(jié)理解題是細(xì)節(jié)類(lèi)題目中最難的，需要甄別的信息很多，這一類(lèi)題需要進(jìn)行反復(fù)的訓(xùn)練。

正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn):

1.對(duì)原文中的關(guān)鍵詞利用同義轉(zhuǎn)換的方式進(jìn)行改寫(xiě)，把原文改頭換面或解釋信息來(lái)表達(dá)相同的含義。

2.對(duì)原文中的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容或復(fù)雜語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)，選項(xiàng)中包含特別有概括性的詞語(yǔ)。

3.利用反義詞或雙重否定對(duì)原文中的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容進(jìn)行反向表達(dá)。

4.利用語(yǔ)態(tài)互換的方式，把原文中相關(guān)語(yǔ)句中的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)，或反之。

錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：

1.與原文幾乎相同。一眼看上去和原文幾乎沒(méi)有區(qū)別，同學(xué)們要特別警惕這種答案，它往往利用偷梁換

柱，或偷換概念的方式，在選項(xiàng)中不起眼的位置更換很少的內(nèi)容，這種干擾項(xiàng)干擾性最強(qiáng)，很容易出錯(cuò)。

2.不依據(jù)文本，利用常識(shí)的正確性誤導(dǎo)考生。這里還是要提醒同學(xué)們?cè)谶x擇時(shí)一定要依據(jù)文本，不可憑

常識(shí)，想象或主觀臆斷進(jìn)行選擇。

3.把原文中關(guān)鍵的內(nèi)容斷章取義，看似與原文很相似，但可能對(duì)文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了夸大或縮小。

4.答案與原文無(wú)關(guān)，屬于無(wú)中生有，需要同學(xué)們與原文仔細(xì)對(duì)照，去偽存真。

二、主旨類(lèi)題目的解題技巧：

第一，主旨類(lèi)閱讀理解是怎么設(shè)問(wèn)的，通常有以下幾種情況：What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?Thetheme/purposeofthe

passage.等

第二，不同類(lèi)型的文章主旨的概括方式不同。

說(shuō)明文，議論文和新聞?lì)愇恼掠邢嗨频母爬ǚ绞?。一般這幾類(lèi)文章第一段為文章的主題段，通過(guò)

概括主題段的主要內(nèi)容就可以總結(jié)出文章的題目或主旨。所以要特別注意這幾類(lèi)文章的首段。但有的

文章會(huì)在第一段利用一個(gè)或幾個(gè)問(wèn)題引入話題，而真正的中心在第二段，或需要通過(guò)對(duì)每一段的主題

句進(jìn)行概括才能得出。新聞?lì)惖奈恼略诟爬?biāo)題時(shí)需要考慮文章的特點(diǎn)，這類(lèi)文章的題目需要第一眼

就引起讀者的興趣，所有它的標(biāo)題往往有引人注意或吸引人眼球的特點(diǎn)。

記敘文一般沒(méi)有主題段和主題句，所以在概括主旨大意或題目時(shí)沒(méi)有明顯的線索?？梢杂脟L試用

以下的幾種方式概括主旨或標(biāo)題：

1.記敘文是記人敘事的文章，一般都包含六個(gè)基本的要素：who,what,when,where,what,why,

how,把這幾個(gè)要素串聯(lián)起來(lái)就是文章的中心。

2.還可以把主要段落的段意串聯(lián)起來(lái)，這樣就歸納出了文章的中心或題目。

3.記敘文有時(shí)會(huì)圍繞著一個(gè)人或一個(gè)事物展開(kāi)故事,那么文章中反復(fù)提到的人或事物，就是關(guān)鍵詞，

需要出現(xiàn)在主旨或題目中。反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)應(yīng)主旨或標(biāo)題這一點(diǎn)，也適合其它類(lèi)型的文章。

還有一種方法適合于各種類(lèi)型的文章。可以嘗試?yán)酶餍☆}的題干幫助你概括主旨。如果有兩個(gè)

或兩個(gè)以上的題目中都包含有相同的詞匯，那么這應(yīng)該是文章中重點(diǎn)談?wù)摰膯?wèn)題，是關(guān)鍵詞，與主旨

有關(guān)，應(yīng)該包含在題目或主旨中。

主旨類(lèi)閱讀理解是高中階段的一大難點(diǎn)，在掌握方法的同時(shí)需要反復(fù)的練習(xí)。1.養(yǎng)成每讀一篇文章

就總結(jié)中心的習(xí)慣。2.對(duì)高考真題進(jìn)行集中限時(shí)訓(xùn)練，所謂集中限時(shí)訓(xùn)練就是只做其中的主旨類(lèi)題目，

每天4—5篇，每篇3分鐘，經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的訓(xùn)練，一定能取得很好的效果。

三、推理判斷類(lèi)題目的解題技巧：

推理判斷題是除主旨類(lèi)題目之外的又一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，是失分最多的題目之一。提高推理判斷的能力不

僅有利于提高閱讀理解水平，對(duì)于提高聽(tīng)力和七選五的解題能力也非常有幫助。

首先，必須掌握題干中表達(dá)推理判斷的詞匯：infer推斷，indicate表明，暗示，suggest表明，暗

示，imply暗示，暗指，conclude斷定，推斷出，conclusion結(jié)論。

第二，需要明白推理判斷題在考查什么。推理判斷題是在理解文章字面意思的同時(shí)，考查考生對(duì)

文章深層抽象含義的理解，包括對(duì)整篇文章或某段或某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)所暗含意思的推斷，也包含對(duì)作者觀點(diǎn)

態(tài)度，意圖打算等的推理。

第三，如何進(jìn)行推理判斷。

1.避開(kāi)正確的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的“坑這類(lèi)題目中往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)與原文內(nèi)容非常一致的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，由于內(nèi)容

本身的正確性，很容易被認(rèn)為是正確答案。所謂推理判斷，只是在原有內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行合理的

邏輯推理，而不是漫無(wú)邊際的推理。避開(kāi)主觀臆斷的“坑”。所有的推理判斷，都是在文本的基礎(chǔ)上

進(jìn)行的，不能憑借自己的想象，猜測(cè)，主觀想法進(jìn)行判斷。

2.對(duì)于整篇文章的推斷，比如Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?要抓住文章的中心，分析文章的結(jié)

構(gòu)，對(duì)主題段和主題句進(jìn)行分析，根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，判斷文章暗含的意思。對(duì)于文章中某

個(gè)段落的推理，比如Whatconclusioncanyoudrawfromparagraph2?此類(lèi)題目要反復(fù)閱讀相關(guān)段落,

重點(diǎn)分析本段落的主題句或關(guān)鍵詞或but,however之后的內(nèi)容。對(duì)于文章中某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容的推理，

要結(jié)合題干中的關(guān)鍵詞定位文章中的關(guān)鍵信息的位置，然后反復(fù)閱讀相關(guān)語(yǔ)句，抓住關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)

鍵短語(yǔ)，推理出這句話暗含的意思。對(duì)于作者或文中某個(gè)人物觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的推理，對(duì)于某人，某事

物，某現(xiàn)象的感情色彩往往隱藏于文章的字里行間，同學(xué)們需要注意文章在一些表達(dá)贊同，反對(duì)，

喜歡，批評(píng)，厭惡，冷漠，積極，消極等感情色彩的名詞，動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞。

四、猜測(cè)詞義類(lèi)題目的解題技巧:

高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中猜測(cè)詞義是繼主旨類(lèi)，推理判斷類(lèi)之后的又一個(gè)逢考必錯(cuò)的難點(diǎn)。提高猜測(cè)

詞義的能力不僅對(duì)于做好閱讀理解中的此類(lèi)題目特別重要，而且對(duì)于提高其它各種題型，甚至全面提

高英語(yǔ)水平都起著很重要的作用。

第一，在平時(shí)就要養(yǎng)成猜測(cè)詞義的習(xí)慣。在平時(shí)的閱讀和課堂限時(shí)訓(xùn)練中，要養(yǎng)成良好的做題習(xí)

慣，不要一遇到生詞就查詞典或干脆越過(guò)去不理睬，這樣久而久之大腦就變得懶惰，不勤于思考。要

養(yǎng)成遇到生詞就動(dòng)動(dòng)腦子，利用所學(xué)的知識(shí)和方法猜測(cè)詞義的習(xí)慣。而不是只在考試題中遇到劃線部

分需要猜測(cè)詞義的時(shí)候才去考慮。

第二，怎樣進(jìn)行詞義猜測(cè)

1.猜測(cè)詞義要把握“就近原則”。也就是針對(duì)劃線部分詞義的猜測(cè)，它的線索就在本句內(nèi)，或在前一

句或在后一句，不會(huì)太遠(yuǎn)。所以，猜測(cè)詞義題要仔細(xì)研讀就近的句子，從中獲取解題線索。

2.猜測(cè)詞義要利用好各種邏輯關(guān)系，比如轉(zhuǎn)折，因果，并列，遞進(jìn)，對(duì)比等。常見(jiàn)的表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的

詞匯和短語(yǔ)有but,yet,however,while,although,though,as,onthecontrary,incontrast,foronething...for

anotherthing,ontheonehand...ontheotherhand,instead等。例如,Itriedhardnottomakemistakes,but

Islippedup,根據(jù)but可以了解到前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，意思正好相反，再根據(jù)前面熟悉的短語(yǔ)make

mistakes,可以猜測(cè)出slippedup的意思是犯錯(cuò)誤。

常見(jiàn)的表因果關(guān)系的詞匯和短語(yǔ)有because,since,as,for,so,therefore,dueto,asaresult,owingto,on

accountof,thanksto,forthisreason,so...that,such...that等。例如,Rubbercanbestretchedmorethannine

timesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.這個(gè)句子中有because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)這個(gè)因

果關(guān)系我們可以推斷出橡皮筋之所以能夠延長(zhǎng)是因?yàn)樗袕椥?，那elastic就是有彈性的。

3.猜測(cè)詞義要利用好解釋或定義關(guān)系。通常情況下在做解釋或下定義時(shí)會(huì)用到定語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從

句或破折號(hào)或becalled,beknownas,inotherwords,suchas,forexample,forinstance,like,including等，

例如，Acarpenterisapersonwhosejobismakingandrepairingwoodenobjectsandstructures.從句子中的定

語(yǔ)從句可以看出這種人的工作是制作或修理木器，那就是木匠。

4.猜測(cè)詞義要利用好構(gòu)詞法。在前面《巧用派生法記單詞》那篇文章中，我們?cè)敿?xì)地講過(guò)怎樣利用

派生法，合成法和轉(zhuǎn)換法記單詞，其實(shí)我們就是在利用構(gòu)詞法的規(guī)律猜測(cè)詞義。同學(xué)們需要記住一些

常用的派生詞的前綴，后綴，以及它的功能，還有合成詞的特點(diǎn)以及轉(zhuǎn)換法中的熟詞生義的用法。詳

細(xì)用法請(qǐng)參考《巧用派生法記單詞》。

5.猜測(cè)詞義要利用好基本的常識(shí)或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。有時(shí)，需要猜測(cè)的詞匯周?chē)](méi)有前面提到的一些可以提

供線索的詞匯或結(jié)構(gòu)，需要你利用自己的生活常識(shí)或經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，比如，MrSmithsdied.Manypeople

attendedhisfuneral.根據(jù)常識(shí)我們可以猜測(cè)出funeral的意思是葬禮。

猜測(cè)詞義時(shí)并不是每次都能遇到可以利用的線索詞匯，讀懂上下文的語(yǔ)境非常重要。利用好高考

真題，進(jìn)行反復(fù)的集中限時(shí)訓(xùn)練，利用所學(xué)的方法技能，并且總結(jié)出自己的做題方法，提高猜測(cè)詞義

和理解文章的能力。

考點(diǎn)一細(xì)節(jié)理解題

【典例分析】（21?22上?學(xué)業(yè)考試）Incertaincountriesoftheworld,thekingorqueenisstilltheheadofthese

countries.TheUKisoneofthesecountries.SowhatdoestheBritishroyalfamily（皇室）representfortheBritish

peopletoday?Well,alargenumberofthings.TheroyalfamilyareofcourseapartofBritishhistoryandtradition.

Theystillhaveanimportantfunctionandmeaningformanypeopletoday.Itjustwouldn'tfeelthesameifthere

werenoroyalfamily.Inadditiontothat,thequeenhasimportantformalduties:

?Asheadofthestate,theQueenrepresentstheUKonvisitsabroadandinvitesotherworldleaderstovisitthe

UK.

?Asheadofthearmedforce,onlytheQueencandeclarewhentheUKisatwarorwhenthewarisover.

?AsheadoftheChurchofEngland.

?Thequeenhastoreadandsignthegovernmentdocuments（文件）everyday.

NotjusttheQueen,theroyalfamilyspendagreatdealoftheirtimetravellingupanddownthecountryin

supportofdifferentcharities（慈善）.

DespitetheworktheroyalfamilydoesfortheUK,therearepeoplewhodon'tbelievethereshouldbearoyal

family.Sometimesthepressandmediacriticize（批評(píng)）theroyalfamilyaswell,OnecriticismisthattheBritish

peopleshouldnothavetopayfortheroyalfamilythroughtheirtaxes.AnotheristhattheBuckinghamPalace

shouldbeopentotheposiesmoreoften,inorder0payforthebuildingrepairsthatarenecessary.

1.Today,theBritishroyalfamilystillrepresentsoftheUK.

A.thehonorandprideB.thehistoryandtradition

C.thefunctionandlawD.thepoliticsandculture

2.WhichisoneoftheQueen'sformalduties?

A.Visitingforeigncountries.B.Fightinginwar.

C.Writinggovernmentdocuments.D.Repairingthechurch.

3.Whyaretheroyalfamilycriticizedbythepressandmedia?

A.Becausetheydonothingforthecountry.

B.Becausesomepeopledon'twanttopayforthem.

C.BecausetheQueenistoobusytomeetwithherpeople.

D.BecausemorepeoplewanttovisittheBuckinghamPalacefreely.

考點(diǎn)二推理判斷題

【典例分析】（21?22上?學(xué)業(yè)考試）ThepupilsofGrangetownHighhavebeenbusygettingtoknowtheir

newestandtallestclassmate,a7-meter-tallgiraffeoutsidetheirschool

Thegiraffeisahugesculpturemadebyalocalartist.Theschool'sheadmasternoticedthesculptureinthe

artisfsgardenashedrovepastoneday.Hethoughtitwouldbeperfectforhisschool.4<Ikneweveryonewouldlove

it,“hesaid,""becauseourbasketballteamisknownasGrangetowngiraffes,andtheyweargiraffesontheirshirts.

SoIaskedthemtowritealettertotheartist,askinghowmuchitwouldcosttobuythegiraffe.Hewasverykind

andgotitreadytodeliverinsixweeks-allfornothing.ItwasexpectedtoarriveonSundaymorningsothatthe

pupilswouldseeitwhentheygottoschoolonMonday-atthattimetheyhadnoideathatweweregettingit.

Theartist,TomBennett,wasauniversityprofessorofchemistrybeforeheleftthatjobin2006andonlytook

upmetalworkacoupleofyearsago.6Tvealwaysdrawnpictures,hesaid,“Icanevenrememberdoingitonmy

firstdayatschool-Idrewahorse.Iwantedittobethebesthorsepictureever,butIdon'tthinkIsucceeded.^^

Tom'sfirstmetalworkwasabicyclefortwothatheandhiswifecouldgocyclingontogether."Itwasamost

uncomfortablebikeevercreated,9,hesaid,"SoIgaveupmakingbicyclesandwentintosculptureinstead.^^

Meanwhile,thepupilsatGrangetownHighareveryhappywiththeirnewclassmate.6<Wearegoingtoholda

competitiontogiveitapropername.^^saidonegirl.""Everyonelikestheexpressiononhisface,soperhapsthatwill

giveussomeideas.”

5.WhenthepupilsgottoschoolonMonday,theyprobablyfelt.

A.excitedB.nervousC.worriedD.confident

考點(diǎn)三主旨大意題

【典例分析】（21.22上?學(xué)業(yè)考試）ThepupilsofGrangetownHighhavebeenbusygettingtoknowtheir

newestandtallestclassmate,a7-meter-tallgiraffeoutsidetheirschool

Thegiraffeisahugesculpturemadebyalocalartist.Theschool'sheadmasternoticedthesculptureinthe

artist'sgardenashedrovepastoneday.Hethoughtitwouldbeperfectforhisschool.6<Ikneweveryonewouldlove

it,“hesaid,"'becauseourbasketballteamisknownasGrangetowngiraffes,andtheyweargiraffesontheirshirts.

SoIaskedthemtowritealettertotheartist,askinghowmuchitwouldcosttobuythegiraffe.Hewasverykind

andgotitreadytodeliverinsixweeks-allfornothing.ItwasexpectedtoarriveonSundaymorningsothatthe

pupilswouldseeitwhentheygottoschoolonMonday-atthattimetheyhadnoideathatweweregettingit.

Theartist,TomBennett,wasauniversityprofessorofchemistrybeforeheleftthatjobin2006andonlytook

upmetalworkacoupleofyearsago.sTvealwaysdrawnpictures,hesaid,"Icanevenrememberdoingitonmy

firstdayatschool-Idrewahorse.Iwantedittobethebesthorsepictureever,butIdon'tthinkIsucceeded.^^

Tom'sfirstmetalworkwasabicyclefortwothatheandhiswifecouldgocyclingontogether."Itwasamost

uncomfortablebikeevercreated,hesaid,“SoIgaveupmakingbicyclesandwentintosculptureinstead.^^

Meanwhile,thepupilsatGrangetownHighareveryhappywiththeirnewclassmate.6CWearegoingtoholda

competitiontogiveitapropername."saidonegirl."Everyonelikestheexpressiononhisface,soperhapsthatwill

giveussomeideas.”

7.What'sthemainideaofthetext?

A.Itwasadifficultjobtonameagiraffe.

B.TomBennettiswell-knownasasculptor.

C.AmetalgiraffearrivedatGrangetownHigh.

D.TheGrangetownGiraffeisastrongbasketballteam.

考點(diǎn)四詞句猜測(cè)題

（21-22上?學(xué)業(yè)考試）Haveyoueverwantedtostopeatingsomethingsweetbutyoujustcouldn't?Isitthe

firstthingyoudowhenyougethomefromschooltolookinthebiscuittin?Canyoueatahugebarofchocolateall

byyourself?Canyousay"no"tosweetsatparties?Ifyoucan't,thenthereisareason...perhapsyouareasugar

addict!Doesthatsoundfunny?Well,doctorssaythatpeoplewhoeatsweetsregularlycaneasilybecomeaddicted

tosugar.Whafsmore,mostsugaraddictsdon'tevenrealizethattheyareaddicted!Sugaraddictionisserious

becauseitcanreallydamageyourhealth.Doctorssaythatweshouldeatfoodwhichishealthysuchasfreshfruits

andvegetables,andthatweshouldn'teatalotofsugar,fatorfastfood.Butsugaraddictscan'tfollowthisadvice.

Theyknowtheymuststopeatingsweetfood,buttheycan't.

Sowhatcanyoudoifyouthinkyouareaddictedtothetasteofsugar?Well,hereissomeadvice:

Eatsomefreshfruitswhenyoureallywantsomethingsweettoeat.

Cutdownsomesweetfoodslowly.

Don'ttrytostopeatingitatonce.

Youhavetotellyourparents.Iftheyknow,theywillhelpyou.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"damage"mean?

A.beharmfultoB.begoodforC.bekindtoD.besorryfor

（22-23下?佳木斯?學(xué)業(yè)考試）Communicationisaproblemforparentsandchildrenofallages.Ififshardfor

youtocommunicatewithyourparents,don'tworryaboutit.Hereissomeadviceforyou.

Don'targuewithyourparents.Don'ttrytotalkaboutsomethingwithyourparentswhenyouareangry.Your

parentsprobablywon'tlistentoyouifyouareshoutingatthem.Gosomewhereelsetocooloff.Thenthinkabout

whatyouwanttosaytoyourparents.Ifyouthinkyoucan'tspeaktothematthemoment,trywritingaletterto

them.

Trytounderstandyourparents.Yourparentsmaythinkdifferentlyfromyou.Tellyourparentswhatyouthink,

whatyoucareaboutandwhy.Perhapsyouandyourparentsdisagreeonsomething.Putyourselfintheirshoesand

youmayfindabetterwayout.

MichaeFsmotherdidn'tagreewithhimaboutbuyingamotorcycle.Theyarguedoverit.Buttheyfinallycame

toanagreement.Michaelboughtthemotorcycle,butonlydroveitoncertaindays.

Itisalsoimportanttoshowyourlovetoyourparents.Trytodosomesmallthingsathome,likemakingthem

acupoftea,helpingdosomechores,andsoon.Ithelpstokeepyourrelationshipcloser.Agoodrelationshipwith

yourparentscanmakeyouabetterandhappierperson.Itisworthhavingatry.

1.Thepassagemainlytalksaboutthecommunicationproblembetween.

A.parentsandschoolteachers

B.schoolkidsandtheirparents

C.teachersandtheirstudents

D.parentsandchildrenofallages

2.Yourparentsprobablywon'tlistentoyouifyoudon't.

A.showyourlovetothemB.oftenstaywiththem

C.speaktothempolitelyD.dochoresforthem

3.ThestoryofMichealshowsthatit'simportantto.

A.understandeachother

B.stayawayfromyourparents

C.arguewitheachother

D.disagreewithyourparents

4.Doingsomesmallthingsathomecanmakeyourparentsfeelthat.

A.youarehappyB.youlovethemC.youlikechoresD.youarerelaxed

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.It'scertainlynecessarytoshowyourlovetoyourparents.

B.It'shardforalltheteenagerstocommunicatewiththeirparents.

C.Thinkitoverbeforeyouwanttotalktoyourparentsaboutsomething.

D.Putyourselfinyourparents9shoesandyoumayfindsomegoodwaystocommunicatewithyourparents.

（22?23?學(xué)業(yè)考試）Windowsopen?Fanson?Readyforanotherwaterbreak?ForschoolsacrossGreater

Toronto,theextremelyhottemperaturesprovidedsomelessonsinhowtobeattheheat-oratleastattempt

to~~withoutairconditioning.Itwasn'teasy.Withsomeclassroomtemperaturesgettingcloseto40℃—oneteacher

evenhandedouttemperaturemeterstoseehowhotitgot~~bothstudentsandeducatorswerered-facedandbathed

withsweatallday.

Theextremeweatherhadsomeparentswonderingiftheirchildrenshouldbespendingmostofthedayinside

hotschools,andafewchosetokeepthemhome.VeryfewschoolsacrossGreaterTorontoareair-conditioned.

Therearenorulesorrequirementsthatschoolsshutdownasthetemperaturerises.

AtBowmorepublicschool,nearCoxwellAve.andGerrardSt.E,teachersarriveat7amandopenallthe

doorsandwindowstocirculatefreshair.Thewindowsattheschool,replacedinstagesoverthepastfewyears,

swinginatthetop,andoutatthebottomtoprovidebetterairflow.

“Isithot?Yes.Isitsomethingthatmakesusfeeluncomfortable?Yes,^^saidHeadmasterLilianHanson.

Despitethat,shesaidshe'dneveradvocateforairconditionersinschools,whichareexpensiveandwouldconsume

thecity'selectricpower.She'dratherseemoregardens,moretrees——morenaturalsolutions,moresustainable

choices.

“Weareteachingkidstomakegoodchoices,9,shesaid."Socialresponsibilityisthekey."Studentsfrom

kindergartentoGrade8seekpleasantplacesundertreesandintheoutdoorpeacefulgardenduringthebreaktime

betweenclassesandafterschoolasthetreesthereprovidemuch-neededshade.Teachersalsotakeclasseswith

studentsoutthereduringtheday.Andkidsdogetthemessageaboutstayingcool.Studentsareremindedtodressin

coolclothing.WhenHansonarrivedatworkinadark-coloreddress,astudentaskedher:"Whatwereyouthinking

wearingablackdressonadayliketoday?”

6.WhatcanbelearnedaboutthenewwindowsatBowmorepublicschool?

A.Theycanletairinandoutcontinuously.

B.Theycanletmorelightin.

C.Theycanstopthenoise.

D.Theycancollectrains.

7.WhywasLilianHansonagainstfixingairconditionersinschools?

A.Shethoughttheheatbearable.

B.Theschoolshadn'tenoughmoney.

C.Thecitylackedenoughpower.

D.Shewasconcernedmoreaboutenvironment.

8.HowdidthestudentfeelafterseeingHansoninadark-coloreddress?

A.Frightened.B.Puzzled.C.Embarrassed.D.Interested.

9.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A.Thestudentsenjoystudyingoutdoors.

B.Theschoolisunfriendlytothestudents.

C.Theschoolbeatstheheatindifferentways.

D.Thestudentsarefreetolearnanythingtheylike.

（22?23?學(xué)業(yè)考試）Ifyou'vealwayswantedtogrowyourownfruitsandvegetablesbutcouldneverquite

makethetimeforit-technologyisheretohelpyou.

Atfirstglance,technologyandfarmingdon'tgohandinhand,butthafsoldschoolthinking.Inthisdayand

age,technologyandfarmingareaperfectmatch.Withcheapsensors（傳感器），simplephoneapps,andavailable

equipment,youcanbuildyourveryownfarmingrobot.

Giveitpower,water,andWi-Fi,anditwilltakecareoftherest.FarmBotcanplantwater,weed,andmonitor

thesoilandplantswithanarrayofsensors.Allyouneedtodo（isharvesttheproduceonceifsdone.

FarmBotisanopen-sourcerobotdevelopedbyacompany.Itrunsontracks,andusesgame-likeopen-source

software.Everythingiscustomizable（可定制的）andadaptable.Youdesignyourlandanddropplantsontoa

virtualmapofyourland,Theseedsarespacedautomatically,andyoucanapplydifferentgrowingplans.Itcanbe

controlledbyaphone,tablet,orcomputer.

FarmBotisanexampleofprecisionfarming-aseriesoftoolsandtechniquesthatenablefarmerstooptimize

（充分禾U用）theirresourcesandincreaseharvest,whilealso（beingmoresustainable.Forinstance,asoilhumidity

sensorletsyouknowwhenifstimetowatertheplants,oranutrientdetectorletsyouknowwhichareas（ifany）

needanymorenutrients.

Backintheday,precisionfarmingwouldrequireheavyandexpensiveequipment.Butrecently,the

miniaturization（〃、型化）ofsensors,togetherwiththeuseofsmartphones;Internet,andapps,hasmadeitmuch

moreaccessible,FarmBotistakingthatideaandapplyingit-nogreenthumb（特殊園藝才能）required.

10.Whatisplayinganimportantpartintransformingthetraditionalfarming?

A.Farmer.B.Robot.C.Technology.

11.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesFarmBot?

A.Itcandoallkindsoffarmwork

B.Itcanworkaccordingtoyourplan

C.Itcanadaptwelltoanewenvironment

12.Whatcanwesayaboutprecisionfarming?

A.It'saneasyprocess.

B.It'shighlycompetitive

C.It'sproductiveandenvironmentallyfriendly.

13.Whatmessagedoesthetextconvey?

A.Robotscangrowcropsforpeople.

B.Thereisnoneedtogrowyourownfruits.

C.Technologyismakinglifehardforfarmers

（22?23?學(xué)業(yè)考試）Ifyouthinkofthejobsrobotscouldneverdo,youwouldprobablyputdoctorsand

teachersatthetopofthelist.But,insomecases,theyalreadyperformbetterthandoctorsatdiagnosing（診斷）

illness.Alsosomepatientsmightfeelmorecomfortablesharingpersonalinformationwithamachinethanaperson.

Couldtherebeaplaceforrobotsineducationafterall?

BritisheducationexpertAnthonySeldonthinksso.Andheevenhasadatefortherobottakeoverofthe

classroom:2027.Hebelievesrobotswilldothemainjoboftransferringinformationandteacherswillbelike

assistants.Intelligentrobotswillreadstudents9faces,movementsandmaybeevenbrainsignals.Thentheywill

transfertheinformationtoeachstudent.Ifsnotapopularopinionandifsunlikelyrobotswilleverhaveempathy

（共'IW）andtheabilitytoreallyconnectwithhumanslikeanotherhumancan.

Onethingiscertain,though.Arobotteacherisbetterthannoteacheratall.Insomepartsoftheworld,there

aren'tenoughteachersand9——16percentofchildrenundertheageof14don'tgotoschool.Teachersalloverthe

worldareleavingbecauseitisadifficultandlower-paidjobandtheyfeeloverworked.Thatproblemcouldbe

partlysolvedbyrobots.

Perhapsthequestionisnot"Willrobotsreplaceteachers?^^but"Howcanrobotshelpteachers?''.Teachers

wastealotoftimedoingnon-teachingwork,includingmorethan11hoursaweekmarkinghomework.Ifrobots

couldcutthetimeteachersspendmarkinghomeworkandwritingreports,teacherswouldhavemoretimeand

energyforthepartsofthejobhumansdobest.

14.WhatdoesAnthonySeldonthinkofrobotsin2027?

A.Robotscandomostteaching.B.Robotswillworkasassistants.

C.Robotscanonlytransferinformation.D.Robotswillhaveempathylikehumans.

15.Whyarerobotteachersnecessary?

A.Becauserobotteacherscostless.B.Becauserobotteachersteachbetter.

C.Becausetherearen'tenoughteachers.D.Becausetherearealreadyrobotdoctors.

16.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“takeover“inParagraph2?

A.接管B.負(fù)責(zé)C.安排D.上課

17.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.IllnessdiagnosingB.Robotteachers

C.InformationtransferringD.Educationproblems

（21?22?學(xué)業(yè)考試）ParisisthecapitaloftheEuropeannationofFrance.Itisalsooneofthemostbeautiful

andmostfamouscitiesintheworld.

ParisiscalledtheCityofLight.Itisalsoaninternationalfashioncenter.WhatwomenarewearinginPariswill

bewornbywomenallovertheworld.Parisisalsoafamousworldcenterofeducation.Forexample,itiswherethe

headquartersofUNESCO,theUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization.

TheSeineRiverdividesthecityintotwoparts.Thirty-twobridgescrossthisbeautifulriver.Theoldestand

perhapsmostwell-knownisthePointNeuf,whichwasbuiltinthesixteenthcentury.TheSorbonne,afamous

university,standsontheleftbankoftheriver.TherearemanyotherfamousplacesinParis,suchasthefamous

museum,theLouvre,aswellastheNotreDame.However,themostfamousbuildinginthiscityisEiffelTower.

ParisisnamedafteragroupofpeoplecalledtheParisii.Theybuiltasmallvillageonanislandinthemiddleof

theSeineRiverabouttwothousandyearsago.Thisisland,calledtheliedelaCite,iswhereNotreDamelies.

TodayaroundeightmillionpeopleliveintheParisarea.

18.Thisarticlemainlytellsusabout.

A.thebuildingsinParisB.thegeneralsituationsofParis

C.thecenteroftheworldD.thefamousbuildingsalongtheSeineRiver

19.Theword“headquarters^^means.

A.tallbuildingsB.researchcenterC.importantareasD.mainoffice

20.Fromthepassagewemayconcludethat.

A.theclotheswornbywomeninParisarelikedbywomenallovertheworld

B.womeninParisselltheirclothesallovertheworld

C.womenfromallovertheworldgotoParisandweartheirownclothes

D.womenfromallovertheworldliketogotoParistobuyclothes

21.Thebuildingofisthemostfamousbuildingtotheworld.

A.UNESCOB.thePontNeufC.EiffelTowerD.NotreDame

22.WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsofParisisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?

A.ParisisthecapitaloftheEuropeannationofFrance.

B.ParisiscalledtheCityofLight.

C.TheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganizationislocatedinParis.

D.Themostfamousbuildinginthiscityisthefamousmuseum.,theLouvre.

（22?23?學(xué)業(yè)考試）I'mnowataspecialuniversitywhere46speechandhearingimpaired（受損）students

graduateeachyear.Everymorning,Imadeitapracticeofsettingtheintention（意圖）inmyheartof“MayIbea

toolforthemtogetwhattheyneedrightnow?”.

Today,onegirlcameandsatdown.Istartedwithhowweusuallydo.Shecanspeakbutcannothearand

lip-read.Iaskedonequestion,andshewentonfor10minutesstraight,andinTamil（泰米爾語(yǔ)）.Iunderstooda

coupleofwordshereandthere,soIunderstoodthatshewasnotsayinganythingconnectedwithwhatIasked.I

justkeptonlisteningtoherwithoutspeakingaword.Thiswentonforanhourandahalf!Then,afteralongpause,

Itoldhertogetbackontrackwithanotherquestion.Andthenshesharedforanotherhalfanhourstraight!The

wholetimeIwasjustlookinginhereyeswhichwouldgohereandtherebutcomebacktome.Intheend,Ijustgot

upandhuggedherandshewassmilingwider.

ThenIinvitedhertohavejuicewithme.Shesaidyes.Whatputmeinastateoffearwasrealizing,justafew

minuteslater,thattreatingmynewfriendtosomejuicewas