Unit5Canada一"TheTrueNorth”語法篇

要求學(xué)生掌握本單元的重點語法一名詞性從句中的同位語從句。

一、同位語從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句一般跟在某些

名詞后面，用以解釋和說明前面的名詞的內(nèi)容。后面常接同位語從句的名詞有news,idea,fact,

promise,hope,message,doubt,belief,thought,certainty,truth,question,reason,reply,

possibility,suggestion。

二、同位語從句在句中的位置

1.一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后

面，用以說明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。

E.g.Thenewsthatourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionshipencouragedusallgreatly.

我們女排贏得冠軍的消息大大地鼓舞了我們所有人。

E.g.PvecomefromMr.Wangwithamessagethathewon*tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.

我從王先生那邊得知一個消息，他說他今天下午不能來看你了。

2.有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫做間隔式同

位語從句。

E.g.Thethoughtcametoherthatmaybeshehadleftthedooropenwhenshelefthome.

她突然想起可能在她離開家時沒把門關(guān)上。

E.g.ThestorygoesthathefailedintheCollegeEntranceExaminationsagain.據(jù)說他高考又落榜了。

三、同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)

同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞(word除外)加以修飾。

E.g.WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?你在哪兒聽說我不能來？

E.g.Givemeyourpromisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening.

答應(yīng)我，你今天晚上要來參加我們的晚會。

E.g.WordcamethatChinalauncheditsfirstmannedspaceshiponOct15,2019.

消息傳來，中國于2019年10月15日首次成功發(fā)射了載人飛船。

四、同位語從句連接詞的選用

引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞有連詞that,whether、連接代詞who,which,what和連接副詞where,when,

why,how等

1.由that,whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。此時的引導(dǎo)詞只起引導(dǎo)作用，不在從句中作任何成分

E.g.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我們聽到消息說我們隊贏了。

E.g.Theywereworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.他們?yōu)槟闵“l(fā)愁。

E.g.Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.明天放假的消息、不實。

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E.g.Tvecometotheconclusionthatitwasunwisetodothat.我得出結(jié)論這樣做是不明智的。

E.g.HereferredtoCopernicus9statementthattheearthmovesroundthesun.

他提到了哥白尼關(guān)于地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)的說法。

E.g.Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcome.他是否會來還不一定。

E.g.Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependsontheresult.這個是對還是錯要看結(jié)果。

E.g.Wearenotinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy.

我們不是在調(diào)查他是否可以信任的問題。

【注意1】若被同位語從句修飾的名詞是下列名詞時，同位語從句要用虛擬語氣即

“should+do”,should常常省略常?？墒÷?。這些詞有：advice,announcement,argument,belief,

claim,conclusion,decision,evidence,explanation,fact,feeling,hope,idea,impression,information,

knowledge,message,news,opinion,order,probability,promise,proposal,remark,reply,

report,saying,statement,suggestion,thought,treat,warning,wish,word等。

E.g.Theywerefacedwiththedemandthatthistaxbeabolished.他們面對廢除這個稅,的要求。

E.g.Theyexpressedthewishthatsheaccepttheaward.他們表示希望她接受這筆獎金。

E.g.Thesuggestionthatthenewrulebeadoptedcamefromthechairman.

采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。

E.g.Theresolutionthatwomenbeallowedtojointhesocietywascarried.允許婦女參加這個協(xié)會的

決議通過了。

【注意2】引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。

E.g.HegrabbedhissuitcaseandgavetheimpressionhewasboardingtheTokyoplane.

他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機了。

【注意3】表達(dá)“是否”的概念時，要用whether而不用if引導(dǎo)同位語從句。

E.g.Ihavenoideawhetheryouareinterestedinworkingforher.

我不知道你是否有興趣為她工作。

E.g.Wehaven'tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.

我們還沒有決定到什么地方去度暑假。

【注意4】在名詞doubt“懷疑”后的同位語從句用whether連接；在nodoubt“不懷疑”之后

的同位語從句用that連接。

E.g.Wehavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletethetaskontime.

我們懷疑他們是否能準(zhǔn)時完成任務(wù)。

E.g.ThereisnodoubtthatZhangWeiwillkeephispromise.我們相信張衛(wèi)會守信的。

2.由連接代詞who,which,what和連接副詞where,when,why,how等引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。此

時的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作相應(yīng)的成分。

E.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.我不知道他什么時候回來。

E.g.Itisaquestionhowhedidit.那是一個他如何做的問題。

E.g.Hehadnoideawhysheleft他不知道她為什么離開。

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E.g.YouhavenoideahowworriedIwas!你不知道我多著急！

E.g.Haveyouanyideawhattimeitstarts?你知道什么時候開始嗎？

E.g.IhavenoideawhichoneIshouldchoose.我不知道該選哪一個。

五、同位語從句和定語從句的三點區(qū)別：

同位語從句和定語從句很相似，但還是有區(qū)別的，區(qū)別主要在以下三方面：

1.從詞類上區(qū)別

同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea/fact/news/hope/belief/suggestion/proposal/word

/thought/doubt/truth/possibility/promise/order等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞；而定語從句的先行詞可以

是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或是整個主句。

E.g.Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.人彳門經(jīng)常

討論大多數(shù)勞動力將會在家里工作的可能性。（同位語從句）

E.g.Wearenotlookingintothequestionwhetherheisworthtrusting.我們正在調(diào)查的問題不是他

是否值得信賴的問題。（同位語從句）

E.g.Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.據(jù)說他已經(jīng)出國了。（同位語從句）

E.g.Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.我們的隊贏了，這讓我們很高興。

（定語從句）

E.g.Thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.你找的那位醫(yī)生在房間里面。（定語從句）

E.g.Hismotherdidallshecouldtohelphimwithhisstudy.他媽媽盡她的最大努力幫助他的學(xué)習(xí)。

（定語從句，代詞all作先行詞）

2.從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別

定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇；而同位語從句是從句對前

面抽象名詞的進一步的說明和解釋，屬于名詞性從句的范疇。

E.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。

（同位語從句,補充說明news到底是一個什么消息）

E.g.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的。

（定語從句,news在從句中作told的賓語）

E.g.ImadeapromisethatifanyonesetmefreeIwouldmakehimveryrich.我許諾如果誰讓我自

由,我就讓他非常富有。（同位語從句,補充說明promise到底是一個什么諾言）

E.g.Themothermadeapromisethatpleasedallherchildren.

媽媽做出了一個令她的孩子們高興的許諾。（定語從句,promise在從句中作pleased的主語）

3.從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別

有些引導(dǎo)詞如how,whether,what可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。

E.g.Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.我們是否需要它這個問題還沒有考

慮。（同位語從句）

E.g.Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.我不知道他發(fā)生了什么事。（同位語從句）

引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句時,在從句中一般作主語或賓語（指物時還可以用which代替），并且作

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賓語時常常省略

that在同位語從句中僅起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which來代替。

E.g.Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.我

們應(yīng)派幾個人去幫別的幾個小組的命令昨天收到了（同位語從句，是對order的具體解釋,that雖

不作成分,但不能省略）

E.g.Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheother

groups.

我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個人去幫助別的幾個小組？（定語從句，是名詞order的修

飾語,that在從句中作received的賓語,可以省略）

用中文舉個例子

1.我不相信他是小偷的事實（同位）

“事實”同“他是小偷”是同一件事情

2.我不相信他告訴我的事實

“事實”同“他告訴我”不是同一件事

1.Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbeliefyouarebetterthananyoneelse

onthesportsfield.

A.howB.thatC.whichD.whether

解析：根據(jù)句意“唯一能在最高級別（體育競賽中）勝出的方法就是完全相信在運動場上你比其他

任何人都優(yōu)秀?！北绢}空格處引導(dǎo)的句子作belief的同位語，故用that。

答案：Bo

2.（2019浙江紹興一中期中））Evenifthereisnoscientificproofsecond-handsmokingcauses

cancer,thereisnoreasonwhynonsmokersshouldbeforcedtotakethisrisk.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

解析：根據(jù)句意“即使沒有科學(xué)證據(jù)表明吸二手煙會致癌，也沒有理由讓不吸煙的人們被迫去冒這

種危險”此處proof后是同位語從句，說明proof的內(nèi)容，而同位語從句意思完整，不缺少成分，所

以用that引導(dǎo)。

答案：Bo

3.（2019四川成都摸底）Don'tworry!Thereisstillagreatchancewecanmakeupforthelosttime.

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when

解析：根據(jù)句意“不要擔(dān)心！還有我們彌補失去時間的極好機會?！苯Y(jié)合語境可知"wecanmakeupfor

thelosttime”為同位語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在句子中不承擔(dān)句子成分，只起連接作用。

答案：Bo

4.（2019四川石室中學(xué)期中）Therearesomewarningsinsomecountriesoverexploitationof

undergroundwaterhascausedthedeclineofwetlandandtheincreaseofdesertification.

myselfmore-itwasaperfectday.

A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that

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解析：根據(jù)句意“在一些國家有一些警告，過分開采地下水已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致濕地的減少和沙漠化的增加。”

這里橫線后面是同位語從句，說明warnings的內(nèi)容，因為同位語從句的成分和意思都是完整的，用

that連接，that不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分，只起到連接的作用，但是也不能省略。

答案：Do

5.（2019吉林長春期中）Thereissolidevidencewatching3Dmoviescanhavesideeffectsonthe

viewers.

A.whatB.thatC.whichD.how

解析：根據(jù)句意“有確鑿的證據(jù)表面，看3D電影對觀眾可能有不良的影響Jevidence后為同位語

從句，表示evidence的具體內(nèi)容，因為從句中不缺少句子成分，所以由that引導(dǎo)，答案：Do

基礎(chǔ)演練

1.makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.

A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever

2.---It'sthirtyyearssincewelastmet.

---ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,wegotlostonarainynight.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when

3.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwaswedidthismorning.

A.whenB.whichC.whereD.What

4.---Couldyoudomeafavor?

---Itdependsonitis.

A.whichB.whicheverC.whatD.whatever

5.Doris*successliesinthefactsheisco-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.why

6.Marywroteanarticleontheteamhadfailedtowinthegame.

A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that

7.Doyouhaveanyideaisactuallygoingonintheclassroom?

A.thatB.whatC.asD.which

8.--Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?

---Thereisnooneelse,isthere?

A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn

9.Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectanditisroughorsmooth.

A./B.whetherC.howD.what

10.Dannyleftwordwithmysecretaryhewouldcallagainintheafternoon.

A.whoB.thatC.asD.which

Keys:

1—5ABDCB6—1OABBBB

鞏固提高

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1.Mumiscoming.Whatpresentforyourbirthday?

A.youexpectshehasgotB.youexpecthasshegot

C.doyouexpectshehasgotD.doyouexpecthasshegot

2.Thewayhediditwasdifferentwewereusedto.

A.inwhichB.inwhatC.fromwhatD.fromwhich

3.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolongeritwas20yearsago,it

wassopoorlyequipped.

A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;that

4.SomeresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubtacureforAIDSwillbefound.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether

5.Wehaven'tsettledthequestionofitisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.

A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that

6.AwarmthoughtsuddenlycametomeImightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformy

mother'sbirthday.

A.ifB.whenC.thatD.which

7.ThereismuchchanceBillwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.

A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if

8.Pleaseremindmehesaidhewasgoing.Imaybeintimetoseehimoff.

A.whereB.whenC.howD.what

9.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous.wegave

somebellsandglasses.

A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.withwhich

10.Withhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleasedhewasa

manofaction.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether

Keys:

1—5CCABC6—10CABBB

1.teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionships.

A.NomatterwhatB.NomatterwhichC.WhateverD.Whichever

2.1justwonderthatmakeshimsoexcited.

A.whyitdoesB.whathedoesC.howitisD.whatitis

3.isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.

A.AsB.ThatC.ThisD.It

4.Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentfromtheclasshehadtomeethisuncleatthe

airport.

A.whyB.thatC.whereD.because

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5.Theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellforhethoughtwasnotenough.

A.whereB.howC.whatD.which

6.Henoticedthatthestraightpartofthedancewasdifferentintheafternoonfromithadbeenin

themorning.

A.thatB.whereC.whatD.which

7.Fdliketoworkwith______ishonestandeasytogetonwith.

A.whoB.whoeverC.whomeverD.nomatterwho

8.Whenyouarereading,makeanoteof_______youthinkisofgreatimportance.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when

9.—Canwegeteverythingreadybytheweekend?

—ItalldependsonwecangetMr.Green9scooperation.

A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.if

10.Itisthethirdtime___latethismonth.

A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou'vearrivedD.whenyou'vearrived

11.Itwasin1969___theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.

A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.when

12.Isitinthatfactory_____"RedFlag“carsaremade?

A.inwhichB.whereC.thatD.which

13.Isthelab___theforeignersvisitedyesterday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

14.Whatespeciallyimpresseduswastheway____ourteacherstudiedforeignlanguage.

A/BwhichCbywhichDwhat

15.Mr.GreenisanAustralian,________Iknowfromhisaccent.

A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that

Keys:

1—5DDDBC6—10CBCCC11—15ACDAC

一、閱讀

C

FourSimpleKeystoTransformYourLife

ThePowerofChoice.Everyoneofusmakescountlesschoiceseveryday.Everychoicewemakehas

animpactonourlives.Eveninsignificantchoicescanaffectwhatweexperienceandhowwefeel.When

hungerstrikes,wecanreachforahealthy,nutritioussnack,orwecanchoosethesugarhighofjunkfood.

Themoreimportantthedecision,thegreateritseffect.Forinstance,howdoIacttowardsthatpersonwho

treatedmebadly?DoIgenerallychoosetobepassive,ordoIactivelysetclearintentionsandcreatewhatI

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wantinmylife?Everychoicewemake,howeverbigorsmall,affectsusinsomeway.

HowDoYouMakeChoices?Ifyouareinterestedinlivingaricher,fullerlife,thereisafoundation

uponwhichyoucanbaseallofyourdecisionswhichcanmakelifebetternotonlyforyou,butalsofor

thosearoundyou.Thisfoundationistochoosebasedonwhafsbestforall.Imagineaworldwhereevery

parent,spouse（酉己偶）,friend,teacher,businessperson,andpoliticiantrulydidtheirbesttochoosewhafs

bestforallinvolvedineverydecisiontheymadeWewouldcertainlyliveinamorecaring,supportive

world.

IfstheIntention."ButhowdoIknowwhatisreallybest?"youmightask.Theanswerissimple.It

doesn'tmatter.Whatmattersisnotthechoiceyoumake,butrathertheintentionbehindyourchoice.What

mattersisthatwhateverdecisionyoumake,youareclearinyourintentionofchoosingbasedonwhafs

bestforall.Ifitlaterturnsoutthatyoumadewhatappearstohavebeenabadchoice,there'snoneedfor

guilt.Knowingthatyoudidyourbesttochoosewithasinceredesireforwhafsbestforall,your

consciencestaysclearandopen.Thisthenallowsyoutomoreeasilylearnfromyourmistakes,andtolive

withaclearheartandmind.

WhafsBestforMe,Too!Choosingwhafsbestdoesnotmeanyouhavetoalwayssacrificeyourself

forothers.Anoverly（過度的）exhaustedmothercanlosehertempereasily.Sometimeoffforthismother

mightseemselfish,yetinthelongrun,itcanhelphertobeabettermothertoherchildren.Soaswemove

througheachdayofourlives,letusremembertoincludeourselvesaswedoourbesttochoosewhafsbest

forall.

1.WhichofthefollowingisFALSE?

A.Wheneverhungerstrikes,wewillreachforajunksnack.

B.Everychoice,howeverbigorsmall,hasaninfluenceonus.

C.Evensmallchoicesaffecthowwefeel.

D.Wemakechoiceseveryday.

2.Howshouldwemakechoices?

A.Tobeinterestedinaricher,fullerlife.

B.Tomakelifebetterforourselves.

C.Toimagineaworldwhereeveryonedidtheirbest.

D.Tochoosebasedonwhafsbestforall.

3.Whydoestheauthorsay,"Whatmattersisnotthechoiceyoumake,butrathertheintentionbehindyour

choice11?

A.Becausethechoiceyoumakeisnotimportant.

B.Becauseyoumayhavemadeabadchoice.

C.Becausethisallowsyoutostayclearandimprove.

D.Becausethereisnoneedforguilt.

4.Howtochoosewhatisbestforus?

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A.Weneedtodevoteallourlifetoothers.

B.Weneedtoputawaysometimeforourselves.

C.Weneedtosacrificeourselvesforothers.

D.Weneedtobeselflesseveryminute.

D

InOctoberontheeastcoastofAustraliamigrating（遷徙）humpbackwhales（座頭鯨）passveryclose

totheshore.WiththehelpofMaxEgan,wewenttofilmthemnearByronBay.Itwasextremelyexciting

tospotthelittlepuffs（水柱）ofsprayonthehorizon.Whenmigrating,thewhalescanbetravelingatspeeds

ofabout12km/handcandiveunderanywherebetweenfiveandfortyminutes,butwithmanyyearsof

experienceMaxusuallyguidedourboattoexactlytherightplacetoprovideuswithamazingsighting.As

thewhalesbreakthesurfacelikesubmarines（潛水艇），thewaterspillsofftheirbroaddarkbacksandhuge

tails.Then,withapowerfuldownstroke,theydivebackintothedepthsofthesea,leavingjustasmooth

glassypatchofwateror"fbotprint“onthesurfacetoshowwheretheyhadbeen.

Onedaywehadtraveledupanddowntheshoreandfarouttotheseainsearchofwhales,butthe

horizonwasdeserted.TherewasnoreportofwhalesintheareasowedecidedtotestoutMax*snew,highly

sensitivehydrophone（水中聽音器）andtheresultwasastonishing.Assoonasthehydrophonewasinthe

water,wefoundourselveslisteningtothemostbeautifulvoices.Whatmayhaveseemedlikeavastempty

oceanwasfilledwiththesingingofwhales.

Itisthemaleswhichsing,astheymigratebetweenfeedingandbreeding（養(yǎng)育）grounds.Noone

knowsforsurewhatthepurposeofthesesongsis,whethertheyarelovesongstothefemalesorwarnings

toothermalestostayaway.

Itwasthoughtthateachpopulationofhumpbackshaditsownsongwhichremainedregularbutrecent

findingssuggestthatthewhalesappreciateamemorabletune（曲調(diào)）andquicklyadoptanynewsongsthey

hear.

5.Whichfindingaboutwhalesisbeyondthewriter'sexpectation?

A.Thelittlepuffs.B.Thesongsofwhales.

C.Thetravelingspeedofwhales.D.Thedepthofthewhale'sdive.

6.WhatdoweknowaboutMax?

A.Helikeswhalesverymuch.B.Heisabravescientistonwhales.

C.Heisanexperiencedmaninfindingwhales.D.Heisanexpertinmakinghydrophones.

7.Thewriter'smainpurposeoflookingforwhalesis.

A.carryingoutresearchonwhalesB.studyingthebeautifulsongsofwhales

C.makingfilmsaboutwhalesD.huntingwhalesforresearch

二、書面表達(dá)

目前，學(xué)校存在少數(shù)學(xué)生考試作弊現(xiàn)象。某英文雜志社擬對此現(xiàn)象向中學(xué)生征文，標(biāo)題是“My

OpiniononCheatinginExaminations”。請根據(jù)下列提示用英語寫一篇征文稿。內(nèi)容要點如下：

第9頁

主要原因：1.考試太多、偏難；2.不用功、懶惰；3.取悅父母。

個人看法：1.作弊不對，違反校規(guī)；2.要誠實；努力學(xué)習(xí)。3.其他看法。

注意：1.短文必須包括所有內(nèi)容要點，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；

2.短文標(biāo)題與開頭已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)；

3.詞數(shù)：100左右。參考詞匯：作弊cheat(v.)

MyOpiniononCheatinginExaminations

Itisknowntousallthatsomestudentscheatinexaminationsatschool.

三、七選五

HowtoTurnYourChildintoaLifelongBookworm

Literacyisoneofthemostimportantskillswewilleverdevelopoverourlifetimes.Mostsmall

childrenlovebooks,lookingatthepicturesandhearingthestory,butastheygetoldertheyoftenmove

awayfrombooks.1

Jointhelibrary

Librarieshavechangedalotinrecentyears.2Takeyourchildregularlyandencouragethemto

takeoutbook