高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省2024-2025學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Howwillthespeakersfindtheirway?A.Withamap. B.Throughsigns. C.Byphone.【答案】A【原文】M:Myphonehasrunoutofbattery,andthere’snosignaround.Ican’tcheckwhereweare.W:Don’tworry.I’vebroughtamapofthearea,andIhaveagoodideawhereweare.2.Whyisthewomanwaiting?A.Tosellsomething. B.Totakeanexam. C.Tobeinterviewed.【答案】C【原文】W:AreyouwaitingforMr.Edgaraswell?M:Yes,forthesalesjobinterview.Isthatwhyyou’rehere?W:Yes.I’manxiousaboutit.It’sabitlikewaitingforanexamtostart.3.Whenwillthedinnerbeserved?A.At5:30p.m. B.At6:00p.m. C.At8:00p.m.【答案】B【原文】M:Don’tgoout.Thedinnerwillbereadyinhalfanhour.W:It’sonly5:30p.m.Whyarewehavingitsoearly?M:Yourcousin’scomingat8:00p.m.andwedon’twanttobeeatingwhenhearrives.4.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Crazy. B.Surprised. C.Tired.【答案】B【原文】M:Oh,wow.Whatareyoudoinghere?W:Happybirthday,Tony.Comeinandjointheparty.M:Isthisforme?Youpeoplearecrazy.Ihadnoidea.Whoorganizedthis?5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Shopkeeperandcustomer.B.Motherandson.C.Brotherandsister.【答案】A【原文】W:There’snopriceonthisproduct.M:Oh,mylittleboymusthaveputthatinmybasket.Justignoreit.W:OK.Ihavealittlebrotherwhosometimesdoesthingslikethat…It’s￡10.60.M:Here’sthemoney.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whatisthewomanprobablydoing?A.Gettingsomevegetablesfromtheman.B.Askingthemantosellhisland.C.Workingonherfarm.7.Howlonghasthemanworkedinthisplace?A.For60years. B.For40years. C.For20years.【答案】6.B7.B【原文】M:Myfamilyhaslivedonthisfarmforgenerations.There’snowaywecouldsellittoanyone.W:Iunderstand.Butmycompanyconsidersthisfarm’slocationveryvaluable.Here’sourofficialoffer.M:I’msorry.I’msureyourlanddevelopingcompanyhasbigplansforthisarea,butthisfarmismybirthplace,andI’veworkedheresinceIwas20yearsold.NowI’m60yearsold.Ithasbecomeapartofmylife.W:Noworries.Anyway,Mr.Jenkins,it’sbeenapleasure.Ourofferwillremainforthenexttenyears.Ifyouchangeyourmind,givemeacall.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whatproblemdoesthewomanhave?A.Sheisalittledeaf.B.Hergrandpaisill.C.Shecan’treachsomeone.9.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.TextGrandpa. B.VisitGrandpa. C.TakeGrandpatothehospital.10.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome. B.Inanoffice. C.Inarestaurant.【答案】8.C9.B10.A【原文】W:IkeepcallingGrandpabuthedoesn’tanswer.I’velefttwovoicemessages.Iworryabouthimbeingalone.Ijustwanttomakesurehe’sOK.M:I’msurehe’sfine.He’sprobablybeenbusy—andheisalittledeaf.Whydon’tyoutrygoingtohishouse?It’snottoofarfromwhereyouwork.W:Goodidea,honey.IcouldtakebacktohimallthosebooksIborrowedfromhimaswell.M:Yes,thenyoucanfindouthowheisfeelingwithoutlettinghimknowyou’reworriedabouthim.W:I’llgotomorrowafterwork.Ihavetogetthosebookstogetherandputthemintheboxunderthetablenow.M:OK,letmehelpyouandthenwecanpreparedinnertogether.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Toarrangeacarservice.B.Tofindoutaprice.C.Tobuyacar.12.WhatistheoriginalpriceofaSuperTune?A.$100. B.$80. C.$50.13.Howwillthewomangettheinformation?A.Bycheckingtheemail.B.Byspeakingtoanexpert.C.Bymeetingthemaninperson.【答案】11.A12.A13.A【原文】M:Hello,Mrs.Green?W:Yes?M:ThisisMarkBlackburnatCentralMotors.Lookingthroughourcustomerrecords,Iseethatyourcarisduetobeserviced.I’mjustcallingtoaskifyou’dliketobookitinwithus.W:Isitthattimealready?Itdoesn’tseemlikeayearsincethelastone.M:Timeflies.W:OK.Well,IsupposeIshould—nextMondaymorning,ifpossible.Myhusbandcangowithmethen.M:Right,that’sfine.WouldyoualsobeinterestedinaSupertunetomakesureyourcarcanrunaswellaspossible?It’shalfprice—just￡50—thismonth.W:Couldyouletmeseesomeinformationaboutthat?I’mnotanexpertoncars.M:OK,Ihaveyouremailaddress.I’llsendittoyouassoonaspossible.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Ameeting.B.Changingadate.C.Themanspeaker’sschedule.15.WhoisfromtheParentTeacherAssociation?A.Grace. B.Polly. C.Karen.16.Whatwillthemanspeakerdoat3:00p.m.today?A.Pickuphissuit.B.MeetJohnCarroll.C.Talktoscienceteachers.17.Whatcanwelearnaboutthemanspeaker?A.Hedoesn’tlikecoffee.B.HewillsendalettertoGrace.C.Hewillgiveaninterviewthismorning.【答案】14.C15.A16.C17.C【原文】W:Goodmorning,Mr.Conway.JohnCarrollrangthismorning.Youremember,Polly’sfather?M:Yes,Iremember.W:Heaskedifhecouldchangethetimeofhismeetingwithyoufromthisafternoonto8:00a.m.tomorrow.Also,GracefromtheParentTeacherAssociationwantstohaveawordwithyouaboutsomething.She’sleftanenvelopeonyourdesk—thebigbrownone.M:Iwonderwhatthat’sabout.W:Shedidn’tsay.M:GoaheadandmovethemeetingwithMr.Carrolltotomorrow.Then,couldyoumessageallthescienceteachers,andtellthemI’dliketotalktothemat3o’clockthisafternoon?W:OK,Mr.Conway.Also,don’tforgetyouwillgiveaninterviewthismorning.Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffeenow?M:Coffeewouldbegreat,Karen.W:Noproblem.M:Thankyou.Thatremindsme.Couldyoupleasecallmywifeandaskifmygreysuitisbackfromthedrycleaners?Ineedtowearittonight.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。18.Whathappenedwhenthespeakerwas10yearsold?A.Hebecameaninternationalstar.B.Hisfatherfailedinhisbusiness.C.Histoyswerestolen.19.Whatisthespeakerprobably?A.Abusinessman.B.Aneducator.C.Anactor.20.Whoisthespeaker’sorganizationfor?A.Lessluckyparents.B.Sickstudents.C.Poorchildren.【答案】18.B19.C20.C【原文】M:WhenIwas10yearsold,mydadwentbrokeandlosthisbusiness.IrememberonedaywhenIenteredourhouse,Ifoundallthefurniturewasgone,thecarwasgone,andevenmytoysweregone.Onthatbadday,itseemedlikemywholelifehadchanged.Someyearslater,myparentstookmetoapark,whereIsawsomechildrenwithnoparentsandnohomes.Thatmadeabigimpression.Whenmysecondmoviewasahitaroundtheworldandsuddenly,Ibecameaninternationalstar,Idecidedtoestablishacharityorganizationforpoorchildren,andI’vedonatedhalftheprofitfrommylasttwofilmstoit.Thecharity’saimistoprovidefoodandhigh-qualityeducationforchildrenhereandthroughouttheworld.Sofar,we’vehelpedmorethan5,000kidsandwehopetohelpmanymore.Ladiesandgentlemen,Itrulybelieveitisthedutyofsuccessfulpeopletohelpthosewhoarelesslucky.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AThecoasthasalwayshadastrongappeal.Beingnearwatercanlowerstressandimprovewellbeing—afeelingmanytravellersarenowactivelyseeking.Thefollowingarefourcoastalactivitiesthatareworthatry.CoasteeringinAustraliaBornontherockyWelshcoastaround40yearsago,coasteering,whichcombines(融合)rockjumping,sea-cliffclimbingandwildlife-spotting,hassincegotwidespreadattentionworldwide.TheMargaretRiverareainWesternAustraliaisaperfectplaceforcoasteering.There,youcanhavefunonbeautifulbeaches,seetallrocksmadeofgranite(花崗巖),andfindlotsofanimalsintheocean.E-bikingtheShimanamiKaido,JapanAnelectricmotoristransformingtwo-wheeledadventures,makingclimbseffortlessandlongercoastalroadsmoreaccessible.Thislow-impact,high-rewardtravelstyleispopular.E-bikingyourwayalongtheShimanamiKaidoisthefinalcoastalescape,windingthroughpeacefulfishingvillageswithwhitesandybeachesandseafood-richrestaurants.Tide(潮汐)poolingintheOregoncoast,USAscoastalcommunitiesincreasinglyprioritize(優(yōu)先)theprotectionoftheirnaturalhabitats,educationaltourshavewonpopularity.Family-friendlytidepooltoursareamongthemostpopularexperiencesinregionsrichinsealife.TheroughOregoncoastlineishometooneofthePacificCoast’smostbiodiverseecosystems,whichoffersauniqueopportunitytoexploreintertidalecosystemsandobservetheattractiveoceancreaturesthatlivethere.KayakcampingintheStockholmArchipelago,SwedenIfyouareanadventurerseekingnewwaystotestyourcourage,kayakcampingmaybeanicesolution.TheStockholmArchipelagoismadeupofover30,000islandsintheBalticSea.Mostoftheseislandshavenopeoplelivingonthem.Peoplewholoveadventurecangokayakingandenjoythefreedomofmovingaround.Theycanalsocampinthewildandseethenaturalbeauty.21.Whatdothefirstandthirdactivitieshaveincommon?A.Theyinvolveclimbingtallrocksmadeofgranite.B.Theyoffervisitorschancestowatchoceanlives.C.Theyreceivegreatpopularityamongwealthyfamilies.D.Theyareespeciallytargetedatexperiencedadventurers.22.Whichofthefollowingactivitiescanallowtravellerstoenjoyseafood?A.CoasteeringinAustralia.B.TidepoolingintheOregoncoast,US.C.E-bikingtheShimanamiKaido,Japan.D.KayakcampingintheStockholmArchipelago,Sweden.23.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Adiary. B.Ageographybook.C.Aresearchpaper. D.Aguidebook.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了四個(gè)值得一試的沿海活動(dòng)，包括每個(gè)活動(dòng)的起源、特色以及適合的人群等?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個(gè)活動(dòng)“CoasteeringinAustralia”部分中的“There,youcanhavefunonbeautifulbeaches,seetallrocksmadeofgranite(花崗巖),andfindlotsofanimalsintheocean.(在那里，你可以在美麗的海灘上盡情游玩，觀賞由花崗巖構(gòu)成的高聳巖石，還能在海洋中發(fā)現(xiàn)許多動(dòng)物)”可知，在澳大利亞的海岸攀巖活動(dòng)中，游客可以在海洋中發(fā)現(xiàn)很多動(dòng)物；根據(jù)第三個(gè)活動(dòng)“Tide(潮汐)poolingintheOregoncoast,US”部分中的“TheroughOregoncoastlineishometooneofthePacificCoast’smostbiodiverseecosystems,whichoffersauniqueopportunitytoexploreintertidalecosystemsandobservetheattractiveoceancreaturesthatlivethere.(俄勒岡州崎嶇的海岸線是太平洋沿岸生物多樣性最豐富的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之一，這里為探索潮間帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和觀察生活在那里的迷人海洋生物提供了獨(dú)特的機(jī)會)”可知，在美國俄勒岡海岸的潮汐池活動(dòng)中，游客有機(jī)會觀察生活在那里的海洋生物，由此可見，第一個(gè)和第三個(gè)活動(dòng)的共同之處在于它們都為游客提供了觀賞海洋生物的機(jī)會。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二個(gè)活動(dòng)“E-bikingtheShimanamiKaido,Japan”部分中的“E-bikingyourwayalongtheShimanamiKaidoisthefinalcoastalescape,windingthroughpeacefulfishingvillageswithwhitesandybeachesandseafood-richrestaurants.(沿著日本島波海道騎行電動(dòng)自行車，是一場終極的海岸逃離之旅——沿途蜿蜒穿過寧靜的漁村，那里有潔白的沙灘和供應(yīng)豐富海鮮的餐廳)”可知，沿著日本的島波海道騎行，會經(jīng)過擁有白色沙灘和供應(yīng)豐富海鮮的餐廳的寧靜漁村，因此，游客在這個(gè)活動(dòng)中可以享用海鮮。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章首段“Thecoasthasalwayshadastrongappeal.Beingnearwatercanlowerstressandimprovewellbeing—afeelingmanytravellersarenowactivelyseeking.Thefollowingarefourcoastalactivitiesthatareworthatry.(海岸一直有著強(qiáng)大的吸引力?？拷蚩梢跃徑鈮毫Α⒏纳平】禒顩r——這是如今許多旅行者積極追尋的感受。以下是四個(gè)值得一試的海濱活動(dòng))”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章開篇指出海岸對旅行者的吸引力，依次介紹了四個(gè)適合旅行者的沿?；顒?dòng)，包括每個(gè)活動(dòng)的特色、適合的地點(diǎn)等內(nèi)容，旨在向讀者推薦這些活動(dòng)，具有很強(qiáng)的指導(dǎo)性和實(shí)用性，這種內(nèi)容通常會出現(xiàn)在旅游指南中。故選D項(xiàng)。BGermanSinologistMartinWoesler,whohasdevotedyearstoChineseliterature,recentlyvisitedDunhuang,ahistoricSilkRoadcityinGansuProvince,China.Histrip,partofattendingthemeeting—theFourthDialogueonExchangesAmongCivilizations(文明),becameanunforgettableculturaldiscovery.Beforehand,WoeslerhadlearnedDunhuang’sroleasadesertoasis(綠洲),atreasurehouseofart,andcrossroadsofSilkRoadcultures.Yetseeingitfirsthandamazedhim.StandinginfrontoftheMogaoGrottoes,hewasattractedbythemixedculturesinCave285.There,GreekgodsApolloandDiana,ChinesestoriesaboutFuxiandNyuwa,IndianBuddhistflyingfigures,andDaoistimmortalbeingsallappeartogetherinfrescoes(壁畫).“Differenttraditionscometogetherheretomakea1,000-year-oldwonder,”hesaid,amazedbyDunhuang’sspiritofinclusiveness.Woesler’sjourneywithChineseculturebegan38yearsagoinhishometownofMünster,Germany,whenaChinesepoematapoetryreadingawakenedhiscuriosity.HedevotedhimselftonarrowingtheculturalgapbetweenChinaandGermany.ThenhestudiedatPekingUniversityandspentoverthirtyyearsinChina.Asatranslatorandeducator,helaunchedworkshopstopromoteChineseliteratureinGermany,aimingtoaddresstheimbalanceinculturaltranslation—wherefarfewerChineseworksreachGermanreaderscomparedtoforeignonesinChinese.Dunhuang’sexperiencealsoinspiredhisthoughtsondigital-agedialogue.Hebelievestechnologieslikedigitalprotectionandvirtual(虛擬的)exhibitionscanmakeancienttreasuresaccessible,helpingpeoplewelcomedifferenceswithopenness.“Wecanachievewin-winprogressonlybylearningfromeachother,”henotes,stressinghowDunhuang’sage-oldwisdomholdsthekeytomodernglobalharmony.Ashistripended,Woeslercarriedawaymorethanmemories—hegotrenewedconfidenceinthepowerofcivilizationaldialogue.“Dunhuangisnotjustaplace;it’salessoninhowdiversitycancreatesomethingtimeless,”heconcludes,hopingitsspiritwillguidemoderneffortstobuildamoreconnectedworld.24.WhydidWoeslervisitDunhuang?A.ToexploretheancientSilkRoad.B.Totakepartinaculturalexchangeactivity.C.TostudytheroleofDunhuangasadesertoasis.D.TolaunchculturalworkshopsonChineseliterature.25.WhatimpressedWoeslerinCave285?A.ThemysteryofChinesestories.B.Thelargercollectionofforeignartworks.C.Thepeacefulcoexistenceofdiversecultures.D.Theadvanceddigitalprotectiontechnologiesapplied.26.WhatdidWoeslerdotobridgeChina-Germanculturaldivides?A.HetranslatedGermanliteratureintoChinese.B.HepromotedChineseliteratureinGermany.C.HesetupartworkshopsinPekingUniversity.D.HeteamedwitheducatorstoexploreChineseculture.27.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheHistoryoftheSilkRoadArtTreasuresB.DigitalTechnology:RenewingAncientDunhuangC.AJourneytoDunhuang:DiscoveringCulturalMixD.MartinWoesler’sLifelongStudyofChineseCulture【答案】24.B25.C26.B27.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了德國漢學(xué)家MartinWoesler的敦煌之旅及他對當(dāng)?shù)匚幕诤系母形?。?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Histrip,partofattendingthemeeting—theFourthDialogueonExchangesAmongCivilizations,becameanunforgettableculturaldiscovery.(他的這次旅行是參加第四屆文明交流對話會的一部分，成了一次難忘的文化發(fā)現(xiàn))”可知，Woesler訪問敦煌是為了參加一項(xiàng)文化交流活動(dòng)。故選B。【25題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“There,GreekgodsApolloandDiana,ChinesestoriesaboutFuxiandNyuwa,IndianBuddhistflyingfigures,andDaoistimmortalbeingsallappeartogetherinfrescoes(壁畫).“Differenttraditionscometogetherheretomakea1,000-year-oldwonder,”hesaid,amazedbyDunhuang’sspiritofinclusiveness.(在那里，希臘神阿波羅和狄安娜、中國伏羲和女媧的故事、印度佛教飛天以及道教神仙都一起出現(xiàn)在壁畫中。“不同的傳統(tǒng)在這里匯聚，創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)有著1000年歷史的奇跡，”他說，對敦煌的包容精神感到驚訝)”可知，Woesler在285窟被壁畫中希臘神祇、中國傳說人物等不同文化形象的共存所吸引，體現(xiàn)了多元文化的和諧交融。故選C?！?6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Asatranslatorandeducator,helaunchedworkshopstopromoteChineseliteratureinGermany,aimingtoaddresstheimbalanceinculturaltranslation—wherefarfewerChineseworksreachGermanreaderscomparedtoforeignonesinChinese.(作為一名翻譯家和教育家，他在德國開設(shè)了推廣中國文學(xué)的研討會，旨在解決文化翻譯的不平衡問題——與外國作品進(jìn)入中國相比，進(jìn)入德國讀者視野的中國作品要少得多)”可知，Woesler通過在德國舉辦工作坊推廣中國文學(xué)來彌合中德兩國的文化隔閡。故選B?！?7題詳析】主旨大意題。結(jié)合第一段“GermanSinologistMartinWoesler,whohasdevotedyearstoChineseliterature,recentlyvisitedDunhuang,ahistoricSilkRoadcityinGansuProvince,China.Histrip,partofattendingthemeeting—theFourthDialogueonExchangesAmongCivilizations,becameanunforgettableculturaldiscovery.(德國漢學(xué)家MartinWoesler致力于中國文學(xué)研究多年，最近訪問了中國甘肅省的歷史名城敦煌。他的這次旅行是參加第四屆文明交流對話會議的一部分，成為了一次難忘的文化發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅)”可知，文章主要圍繞Woesler的敦煌之旅以及他在敦煌發(fā)現(xiàn)的文化融合展開。選項(xiàng)C“AJourneytoDunhuang:DiscoveringCulturalMix(敦煌之旅：發(fā)現(xiàn)文化融合)”涵蓋“旅程”和“文化和諧”兩大核心，最貼合主旨，適合作為文章的標(biāo)題。故選C。CImaginearobot.Whatdoyousee?Astrong,metalmachinemadetobestrongerthanlivingthings?Butthisqualitynowcausesabigproblem:toomuche-wasteonEarth.Whatif,instead,ourincreasinglycommonmachinesweredesignedtodisappearnaturally—likelifedoes?ForastudyinScienceAdvances,researchersmadearoboticarm,andacontrollertooperateit,fromporkgelatin(明膠)andplantfibre(纖維素)—materialstoughenoughtoworkyeteasytobreakdowninbackyardcompost(堆肥).Aftertesting,bothstructuresbrokeapartinsoilwithinweeks.Eco-friendlyroboticsoftenfallsunderthegroupofsoftrobotics,whichtakesinspirationfromnature’smoreflexiblecreations.“Unliketraditionalrobots,theycamefrommaterialsscienceandchemistryratherthanmechanicalengineering,”saysmaterialsscientistFlorianHartmannoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforIntelligentSystemsinStuttgart,Germany.Butmanyearlysoftroboticsdesignsdependedonman-madeplasticsthatremainaspollution.PingdongWei,ascientistworkingwithnaturalmaterialsatWestlakeUniversityinHangzhou,workedtogetherwithhisfriendZhuangZhang,aroboticsengineernowatFudanUniversityinShanghai,tomakerobotsforthenewstudy.Weihaslongbeeninterestedinrobotics,Zhangrecalls,andsuggestedcreatingarobothimself.“That’swhenIthought,‘Whynotusethematerialsheworkswithtobuildone?”Theystartedwithfibrelayers(層)fromcotton,thenaddedasofteningmaterialforflexibilityanddriedthelayersforstrength.“Plantfibreisalsocheapandeasytoputtogether,”Weisays.WeiandZhangimaginerobotslikethesedealingwithharmfulwasteandthenbreakingdown;theyalsosuggestrobotsthathelpwithsurgeryandthensafelybreakdowninsidethebody.Butit’simportanttonotethatthetechnologyisinveryearlystages.“Ifwetrulywanttohaveasustainable(可持續(xù)的)robotthatworksinnature,”Hartmannsays,“wealsoneedtothinkofelectronicsorpowersupplies,orevenbatteries,thatcanbreakdown.”28.Whatmaterialsarethenewroboticarmandcontrollermainlymadefrom?A.Porkgelatinandplantfibre.B.Cottonandmetal.C.Metalandman-madeplastics.D.Electronicdevicesandplantfibre.29.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?A.Earlysoftroboticswascompletelyenvironment-friendly.B.Softroboticsandtraditionalroboticssharethesameorigin.C.Thenewrobot’smaterialsarefrommechanicalengineering.D.Traditionalrobotsmainlycamefrommechanicalengineering.30.WhatdoHartmann’swordsinthelastparagraphimply?A.It’snecessarytouseasfewelectronicsaspossible.B.There’sstillalongwaytogotoproducesustainablerobots.C.Futurerobotsshouldbemadetoadapttovarioussituations.D.Currentbatteriesaren’tpowerfulenoughtosupporttherobots.31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Softroboticsisinspiredbynature’sflexiblecreations.B.Electronicdevicesinrobotsneedtobemoresustainable.C.Theseriouse-wastepollutioncausedbytraditionalrobots.D.Thedevelopmentofeco-friendlyrobotsandtheirpotentialuses.【答案】28.A29.D30.B31.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家研發(fā)出可自然降解的環(huán)保機(jī)器人及其潛在應(yīng)用和挑戰(zhàn)。【28題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ForastudyinScienceAdvances,researchersmadearoboticarm,andacontrollertooperateit,fromporkgelatinandplantfibre—materialstoughenoughtoworkyeteasytobreakdowninbackyardcompost.(在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》的一項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員用豬肉明膠和植物纖維制作了一個(gè)機(jī)械臂和一個(gè)控制它的控制器——這些材料足夠堅(jiān)固，可以工作，但在后院堆肥中很容易分解)”可知，新的機(jī)械臂和控制器主要由豬肉明膠和植物纖維制成。故選A?！?9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Unliketraditionalrobots,theycamefrommaterialsscienceandchemistryratherthanmechanicalengineering(與傳統(tǒng)機(jī)器人不同，它們來自材料科學(xué)和化學(xué)，而不是機(jī)械工程)”可知，傳統(tǒng)機(jī)器人主要來自機(jī)械工程。故選D?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Butit’simportanttonotethatthetechnologyisinveryearlystages.“Ifwetrulywanttohaveasustainablerobotthatworksinnature,”Hartmannsays,“wealsoneedtothinkofelectronicsorpowersupplies,orevenbatteries,thatcanbreakdown.”(但值得注意的是，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)還處于非常早期的階段。哈特曼說:“如果我們真的想要一個(gè)能在自然界中工作的可持續(xù)機(jī)器人，我們還需要考慮可以分解的電子設(shè)備或電源，甚至是電池)”可知，哈特曼的話暗示了要生產(chǎn)可持續(xù)的機(jī)器人還有很長的路要走。故選B?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家研發(fā)出可自然降解的環(huán)保機(jī)器人及其潛在應(yīng)用和挑戰(zhàn)。故選D。DSeveredystrophicepidermolysisbullosa,orEB,isararegenetic(基因的)diseaseaffectingoneinevery500,000people.ThosewithEBlackanormalprotein,calledcollagenVII,whichholdsskintogether.Evenalighttouchcancausepainfulwoundsthatnevergetbetter.ThosewithEBmustbecoveredfromheadtotoetoprotecttheirskin.That’swhytheyarecalled“butterflychildren”—theirskinisasweakasbutterflywings.AtreatmentdevelopedatStanfordMedicine,skingrafts(移植),cantreatthoselarge,openwounds.Geneticallyengineeredfromapatient’sowncells(細(xì)胞),thegraftsweresupportedasanEBtreatmentonApril29bytheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration.Tocreateskinsheetsforeachpatient,doctorsfirsttakeasmallpartfromtheirunwoundedskin.Theninthelab,theyintroduceacorrectedversion(變體)ofthecollagenVIIgene,COL7A1,totheseskincells.Thechangedcellsgrowintocreditcard-sizedskinsheetsoverabout25days.Patientsthenvisitthehospital,wheredoctorsputtheselab-grownskingraftsontotheirwounds.Theystayhospitalizedforroughlyoneweektorecover.Sincethegraftsaremadefromthepatient’sownskincells,theycontainmatchingimmunemarkers.Thispreventsthebodyfromrejecting(排斥)thenewskin.Thiswholeprocessusesgeneengineeringandpersonalizedcaretotreatseriousskininjuries.“I’msuperchuffed,”saidJeanTang,adermatologist,notingthatthegraftsaretheproductofmorethan20yearsofStanfordMedicineresearch.“WhowouldhavethoughtthatanexperimentinaStanfordlabwouldleadtoanexcellentpersonalizedtreatmentforEBpatients?Peopleinourclinicalteststoldmehowmuchtheirlivesweretakenupbythesepainfulwounds.Now,withoutthatpain,theyfeelfree.Theirwoundsstayhealthy,andtheydon’thavetowearasmanycovers.Theycanattendschoolanddoothereverydayactivitiesmoreeasily.”32.WhatcausestheprobleminEBpatients?A.Sensitivereactionstoproteins.B.Weakimmunesystems.C.Thepoorabilitytotakeinnutrition.D.Alackofacertainprotein.33.Whatcanweknowaboutthenewskingrafttreatment?A.Itiseasyforresearcherstopreparethegrafts.B.ItneedstoputcollagenVIIproteindirectlyontowounds.C.Itusesthepatient’sownskincellswithacorrectedgene.D.Itrequirespatientstotakemedicinesforlongafterthetreatment.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“chuffed”meaninparagraph5?A.Excited. B.Anxious.C.Addicted. D.Responsible.35.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.TodescribeagroundbreakingtreatmentforEBusinggenes.B.ToshowthefeaturesofEBanditsimpactonpatients.C.Tocallformorefundingforspecialdiseaseresearch.D.Tocomparedifferenttreatmentsforskindisorders.【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種新型基因工程皮膚移植技術(shù)及其對大皰性表皮松懈癥患者的重大意義?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ThosewithEBlackanormalprotein,calledcollagenVII,whichholdsskintogether.(EB患者缺乏一種叫做VII型膠原蛋白的正常蛋白質(zhì)，這種蛋白質(zhì)能將皮膚粘合在一起。)”可知，缺乏特定蛋白質(zhì)(collagenVII)導(dǎo)致了他們的問題出現(xiàn)。故選D?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Geneticallyengineeredfromapatient’sowncells(細(xì)胞),thegraftsweresupportedasanEBtreatmentonApril29bytheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration.(4月29日，美國食品和藥物管理局支持用患者自身細(xì)胞進(jìn)行基因工程改造的移植物作為EB治療方法。)”和第三段“Theninthelab,theyintroduceacorrectedversion(變體)ofthecollagenVIIgene,COL7A1,totheseskincells.(然后在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中，他們將膠原蛋白VII基因COL7A1的修正版本引入到這些皮膚細(xì)胞中。)”可知，該療法利用患者自身細(xì)胞，并對膠原蛋白Ⅶ進(jìn)行修正后用于治療。故選C?！?4題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)該詞后面的“WhowouldhavethoughtthatanexperimentinaStanfordlabwouldleadtoanexcellentpersonalizedtreatmentforEBpatients?(誰會想到斯坦福實(shí)驗(yàn)室的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)會為EB患者帶來一種出色的個(gè)性化治療？)”及下文的語境可知，斯坦福實(shí)驗(yàn)室的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)為EB患者帶來一種極好的個(gè)性化治療是沒有預(yù)料到的，因此推斷，皮膚科醫(yī)生珍·唐很興奮，所以劃線詞chuffed與excited同義。故選A?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“AtreatmentdevelopedatStanfordMedicine,skingrafts(移植),cantreatthoselarge,openwounds.(斯坦福大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院開發(fā)的一種治療方法，即皮膚移植，可以治療這些巨大的開放性傷口。)”及全文可知，文章重點(diǎn)介紹斯坦福大學(xué)研發(fā)的基因工程皮膚移植技術(shù)，包括其原理、操作流程和療效，屬于對突破性療法的描述。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Cookingisamongthemostimportantskillsyoushouldteachyourteens.____36____Hereareseveralwaystohelpthemgetstartedontheircookingjourney.Createopportunitiesforindependenceinthekitchen.Teenagersmaysometimeshesitatetolearnhowtocookbecausetheyfearmakingmistakes,suchasovercookingfood.____37____Bygivingthemsimpletaskslikebeatingeggs,youcanbuildtheirconfidenceinthekitchenbygivingthemopportunitiestobeindependentwithminimaladultsupervision(監(jiān)督).Encourageteenstolookforrecipes.____38____Inspirethemtoseekoutrecipesthatareeasy-to-followandalsosatisfythefamily’snutritionalneedsandtastepreferences.Insomecases,therecipesthatinterestthemmayrequirecookware(炊具)thatyoudon’thave,however,whichmeansyoumighthavetoconsiderbuyingsomenewequipment.____39____Insteadofsimplydoingthegroceryshoppingandmenuonyourown,havesomeconversationaboutwhichmealstheycanmakebasedontheirskilllevelandnutritionalneeds.Thismayalsopresentanopportunitytoteachthemaboutotherlifeskillslikebudgeting(做預(yù)算).Introducethemtodifferentfoods.Whetheryoudevotecertaindaystocookingfoodsfromotherculturesortakethemtorestaurantswithvariousmenus,theymaybeencouragedtolearnmoreaboutdifferentflavorsandaromas(香味)andhowthesecanbeachievedthroughcooking.____40____Learningcookingskillsisajourneythatrequiresyoursupportandtrustalongtheway,sodon’tbeafraidtorecognizetheiraccomplishments.A.Involvetheminmealplanning.B.Letthemcookentirelyontheirown.C.Thisiswhereyourroleasaparentcomesintoplay.D.Anotherhelpfulwayistoletthemmakethefoodstheyenjoy.E.Parentsshouldexplaincookingtechniquesbeforelettingteenstry.F.Itcanequipthemwithvaluablelifeskillsandencouragehealthyeatingattitudes.G.Teachingthemfood’sculturalrootsalsodevelopsdeeperappreciationforfoodpreparation.【答案】36.F37.C38.D39.A40.G【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一些幫助青少年開始學(xué)習(xí)烹飪的幾種方法。【36題詳析】前句“Cookingisamongthemostimportantskillsyoushouldteachyourteens.(烹飪是你應(yīng)該教給孩子們的最重要的技能之一。)”指出烹飪是應(yīng)該教給青少年的重要技能之一，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Itcanequipthemwithvaluablelifeskillsandencouragehealthyeatingattitudes.(它可以讓他們掌握寶貴的生活技能，并鼓勵(lì)健康的飲食態(tài)度。)”進(jìn)一步闡述了烹飪能給青少年帶來的好處，即讓他們掌握有價(jià)值的生活技能并培養(yǎng)健康的飲食態(tài)度，與前文銜接緊密，解釋了為什么烹飪是重要技能。故選F。【37題詳析】前句“Teenagersmaysometi