第07講名詞性從句

目錄

學(xué)業(yè)要求

.............................................................................................................................................................1

.............................................................................................................................................................1

考點一主語從句..........................................................................6

考點二賓語從句..........................................................................2

考點三表語從句..........................................................................4

考點四同位語從句........................................................................4

學(xué)業(yè)要求

1.掌握連接代詞和連接副詞以及從屬連詞的用法

2.掌握主語從句的考點

3.掌握賓語從句的考點

4.掌握表語從句的考點

5.掌握同位語從句的考點

考點檐理

名詞性從句指的是由一個從句來充當(dāng)名詞的作用。名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語

從句。

1、主語從句引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有連詞that,whether；連接代詞who,what,which；連接副詞when,where,

how，why等

Whetherhewillcomeornotdoesn'tmattermuch.

Whoevercomesherewillbewelcome.

Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.

*that引導(dǎo)主語從句時一般不省略。當(dāng)主語從句位于句首時，常用whether引導(dǎo)，而不用if。

?主語從句常用it作形式主語。如：

(1)Itis+名詞(詞組)+主語從句

Ifsapitythat....遺憾的是...Ifsashamethat....真是可恥...

It'sasurprisethat….驚訝的是...Ifsafactthat....事實是...

It'snowonderthat....不足為奇...Ifsafactthat....事實是...

It'sgoodnewsthat...是好消息...Ifsanhonourthat...非常榮幸...

It'scommonknowledgethat....是常識..

(2)Itis+形容詞+主語從句

It'snaturalthat...很自然...Ifsobvious/clearthat...顯而易見...

It'sfortunatethat...幸運的是...Ifs(im)possible...(不)可能...

It'sunlikelythat...不可能...Ifsstrangethat…奇怪的是...

(3)Itis+過去分詞+主語從句

Ifsnotknownthat............不得而知Ifssaidthat...據(jù)說...

It'sreportedthat...據(jù)報道...Ifsdecidedthat...尚未決定

Ifsbelievedthat...據(jù)認(rèn)為...It'sannouncedthat…據(jù)宣布...

(4)It+不及物動詞+主語從句

Itseems/appearsthat...似乎...Ithappensthat...碰巧…

Itoccurstosbthat...某人突然想起…Itturnsoutthat…結(jié)果...

Itdoesn'tmatter+that/whether/wh-...…不重要。

(5)其他

Itdoesn'tmatter...是無關(guān)緊要的

Itmakesnodifference...毫無區(qū)另...

Itisoflittleconsequencethat…無關(guān)緊要

2、賓語從句

賓語從句是英語中用來充當(dāng)賓語的句子。其語序是陳述句語序。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞有who,whom,whose,what,

which,that,how,when,where,why,whether,if等

SheaskedmewhetherIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.

她問我是否把書還給圖書館了，我承認(rèn)我還沒有還。

Ourteacheralwaystellustobelieveinwhatwedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.

我們的老師總是告訴我們，如果我們想成功的話，就要相信我們所做的事情以及我們自己。

?只用whether的六種情況：

(1)在帶to的動詞不定式前

Hedoesn'tknowwhethertogotothecinemaortowatchTVathome.

(2)在介詞后

I'mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.

(3)直接與ornot連用時

Idon'tknowwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.

(4)在動詞discuss后面的賓語從句中

Wediscussedwhetherwouldhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.

(5)賓語從句提前時只能用whether

Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.

(6)引導(dǎo)位于句首的主語從句或表語從句用whether

Whetherheisrightorwrongisaquestion.

?it作形式賓語

(1)動詞find/feel/think/considei7make+it+賓補(形容詞或名詞)+不定式/從句

(2)動詞hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy+it+從句

(3)短語動詞seeto/dependon/relyon+it+從句

(4)固定搭配takeitforgrantedthat/oweittosb.that+從句

Nomatterwhereheis,hemakesitaruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast.

無論他在哪里，他都定了一個規(guī)矩——早餐前散步。

Ishallseetoitthatheistakengoodcareofwhenyouareabsent.

你不在的時候，我負(fù)責(zé)把他照顧好。

Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.

我認(rèn)為我們每天多喝白開水是有必要的。

*that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，常被省去，但下列情況下不能省略：①動詞后跟有多個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，只

有第一個that可省略，其余的不可省略；②賓語從句前有插入語時；③that引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首時。

*一般情況下，賓語從句須與主句的時態(tài)保持一致，即當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時時，從句可根據(jù)具體情況選用合

適的時態(tài)；當(dāng)主句為過去的某種時態(tài)時，從句須用相應(yīng)的過去的某種時態(tài)。當(dāng)從句的內(nèi)容為真理或客觀事

實時，須用一般現(xiàn)在時。

*“否定前移現(xiàn)象”：當(dāng)主句的主語是第一人稱，且主語的謂語動詞是think,believe;suppose;expect,imagine

等感知動詞時，人們常把對賓語從句的否定前移到主句中去。

誤：Ithinkchickenscannotswim.

正：Idon'tthinkchickenscanswim.

3、表語從句

表語從句位于系動詞之后，引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有從屬連詞that、whether>asthough(if)；關(guān)系代詞who,what,

which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等；關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,how,however,

whenever,wherever等?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞由be,look,remain,seem等。

??？嫉谋碚Z從句：

(1)This/That/Itiswhy+表語從句(表結(jié)果)“這/那就是……的原因”

(2)This/That/Itisbecause+表語從句俵原因)“這/那是因為..”

(3)Thereasonwhy...isthat+表語從句”..的原因是....”

Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.從

太空中看，地球是藍(lán)色的。這是因為地球表面約百分之七十一都被水覆蓋著。

*if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句；that引導(dǎo)表語從句時不能省略。

*asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句常跟在系動詞(如seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel,smell等)之后。

若表語從句所述的是非真實的情況，從句用虛擬語氣；若所述的是事實或是極可能發(fā)生的情況，從句用陳

述語氣。

4、同位語從句

同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，位于該名詞之后，用以說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。常見同位語從句

的名詞：advice,conclusion,doubt,fact,hope,idea,news,promise,question,suggestion,thought,truth,

wish,word,evidence,belief,order等。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：that,whether,how,where,when,

why等。同位語從句是完整的句子，引導(dǎo)詞不作成分且去掉同位語從句原句仍然完整。

Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.經(jīng)理提出

一個建議，我們應(yīng)該有個助手。有太多的工作要做。

*與定語從句的區(qū)別：

（1）定語從句中名詞充當(dāng)成分；同位語從句中不充當(dāng)成分

（2）定語從句中連接代詞作賓語時可以省略；同位語從句中連接代詞不可以省略

（3）同位語從句中遇到order,requirement,suggestion,advice等詞，要用虛擬語氣

Youhavetotakemyadvicethatyou（should）readnewspaperonehouraday.

（4）同位語從句離所修飾的名詞可能較遠(yuǎn)

Wordcamethattheteambeattheopponent.

Agoodideaoccurredtomethatwecanholdafare-wellpartyforher.

（5）同位語從句的先行詞應(yīng)是表示抽象概念的名詞，如：idea,belief,conclusion,impression,fact,news,

idea,thought,hope,order,suggestion,belief等，而定語從句的先行詞是各種抽象概念的詞或具體

概念的詞，還可以是代詞。

?注意：

（1）名詞性從句中連接詞的選用：

連接詞that在名詞性從句中雖然沒有意義，在從句中也不作任何成分，只有在賓語從句中可以省略，其它

從句中不能省略。whether/if在句子中同樣僅僅起到引導(dǎo)從句的作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分，但它引導(dǎo)的句子帶

有疑問，意為“是否在主語從句，表語從句，同位語從句中不能用if代替whether,在賓語從句中可以互

換，但也應(yīng)注意一些只能用whether的情況（詳情見上頁賓語從句的講解部分）。選用what和which時，

要注意有無范圍限制，有范圍用which,無范圍用whato但是我們要特別注意的是，若指人，即使選擇的

范圍不明確，也多用whicho

e.g.Whichcolordoyoulike,blackorwhite?

Whichisbigger,thesunortheearth?

Whatcolorisyoucar?

Whichwritersdoyoulike?

常用連接詞及選擇方法：

①從句不缺成分，不缺意思，一般用that

②從句不缺成分，但需補充意思：whether,if,how,where,when,why,because

③從句不僅缺成分，又需補充意思：who,whom,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever.........

(2)連詞what的用法：

what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，同時在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語及表語，相當(dāng)于somethingthat.........or

allthat……o有些情況下，它有疑問的意思，意為"什么如：

Theywanttoknowwhattheyshoulddotohelpthepoorlady.

(3)區(qū)分狀語從句和名詞性從句：

名詞性從句的主句不完整，而狀語從句的主句是完整的。

(4)復(fù)合詞whatever和whoever的用法

①whatever和whoever可用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。wh-ever在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時不能用nomatterwh-來替換

Whatever(=anythingthat)youwantisavailableinthemassmerchandiser.

Whoever(二anyonewho)wantstovisitthemuseumcansignhere.

②whatever和whoever還能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為"無論什么"和"無論是誰

Whatever(=nomatterwhat)youdo,Iwillfollowyou.

Whoever(=nomatterwho)youare,youmustobeythetrafficrules.

(5)whoever(二anyonewho)和who的區(qū)分

whoever強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人，who強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一整件事。

Whohaswonthefirstprizeisstillunknown.

Whoeverhaswonthefirstprizeisgoingtobeanewpopstar.

考點一主語從句

【典例分析】

(2023?天津紅橋?高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試)_wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.

A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As

考點二賓語從句

【典例分析】

(2023春?河北?高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試)IwonderifyoucantellmeTomisIcan'tfindhimanywhere.

A.whereB.whoC.whenD.what

考點三表語從句

【典例分析】

（2023?江蘇?高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）Perseveranceisakindofquality,andthafsittakestodoanythingwell.

A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why

考點四同位語從句

【典例分析】

（2022?內(nèi)蒙古?高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Thenewsabridgeovertheroadrightinfrontofourschoolwillbe

builtnextyearexcitesusgreatly.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether

1.（2022?內(nèi)蒙古?高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Thenewsabridgeovertheroadrightinfrontofourschoolwillbe

builtnextyearexcitesusgreatly.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether

2.（2022春?天津?高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）一Thereissomuchtogetdonetoday.

——Iwillhelpyouwithyouneed.Justnameit!

A.whateverB.howeverC.wheneverD.whoever

3.（2022?內(nèi)蒙古?高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）TheNationalRailwayAdministrationrecentlyreleasedadraft

guidelinetrainticketsmaybepricedbasedonageinsteadofheight.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether

4.（2022?天津南開?高二南開大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Ithink____impressesmeabouthispaintingisthe

colorsheuses.

A.whetherB.thatC.whichD.what

5.（2022?天津河北?高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）It，shardforLisatodecidetogoabroadforfurthereducationor

not,soshewantstoaskherteacherforsomeadvice.

A.howB.whereC.whatD.whether

6.（2022春?甘肅天水?高二天水市第一中學(xué)?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）ButthisisthefirsttimethatIanapplication

andthepersonalresume,soIdon'tknowthereissomethingtopayattentionto.

A.hadwritten;whetherB.wrote;what

C.havebeenwritten;whyD.havewritten;if

7.（2021秋?吉林?高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）breaksthelawshouldbepunished.

A.WhoB.ThoseC.AnyoneD.Whoever

8.（2021秋?吉林?高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）Tomwillgotomybirthdaypartymatteredalottome.

A.WhatB.WhetherC.ThatD.Which

9.（2021秋?云南?高三學(xué)業(yè)考試）Iwanttoknowitisworthdoing.

A.untilB.unlessC.whetherD.before

10.（2020秋?河W匕,高三統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Thevillagerswereshockedatthenews.Nooneknewwould

happennext.

A.howB.whenC.whichD.what

過關(guān)檢泅

1.ZhongWeitoldhisfriendstobebacktohishometown.

A.howhappyheisB.howhappyhewas

C.heishowhappyD.hewashowhappy

2.Thetruthisweareluckyenoughtohavecleanwaterwheneverwewant,butthisisnotthecasefor

manypeoplearoundtheworld.

A.whatB.whyC.thatD.where

3.Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmenfromancienttimescanreveal_theyviewedtheworldandwhat

wentonintheworkshopsthatproducedthem.

A.whatB.whenC.whyD.how

4.OneofthereasonswhyCharlesDickenslovedhisnovelDavidCopperfieldwasitwasbasedonhis

ownlife.

A.whatB.howC.thatD.whether

5.Theemployersoftengivethejobtotheybelievehasworkexperiencewithstrongsenseofduty.

A.whoeverB.whoC.thosewhoD.whomever

6.WhenIwasalittleboy,thedinnerontheeveofSpringFestivalwasIlookedforwardtomost.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when

7.ProfessorSmithdoesn'thavetimetoexplaintheuniversitylibraryworks,sowehavetofinditoutby

ourselves.

A.thatB.whatC.howD.where

8.allthisputunderdebateiswhethertheyneedtomovetheircattletoanotherfie