Unit4NaturalDisastersUnit1TeenageLife話題自然災(zāi)害詞匯Disaster,drought,slide,flood,rescue,damage,destroy,death,affect,shelter,ruin,percent,brick,mental,shock,electricity,trap,bury,breathe,effort,wisdom,context,suffer,erupt,supply,survive,power,emergency,calm,aid,crash,sweep,strike,deliver,effect,length短語Volcaniceruption,riseandfall,asusual,asif,cometoanend,comeacross,inruins,blowaway,inshock,thousandsof,millionsof,intheopenair,firstaidkit,onhand,sweepaway句型asif似乎;好像;仿佛bedoingsth.when...正在做某事，這時(突然)……3.句型公式:it+be+adj.+動詞不定式,it作形式主語4.及物動詞+it作形式賓語+賓語補足語+真正的賓語語法限制性定語從句考點1.affectvt.影響;(疾病)侵襲;深深打動[教材原句]82killed,500,000affected(P49)82人喪生,50萬人受影響【拓展】(1)beaffectedby受……的影響；被……感動beaffected/infectedby感染……疾病(2)affectionn.喜愛show/have/feelmuch/anaffectionfor...(非常)喜歡……，(非常)喜愛……(3)effectn.作用；影響haveaneffecton/uponsth對……產(chǎn)生影響ineffect事實上;實際上;有效的comeintoeffect/takeeffect(法律、規(guī)劃或制度)生效;實施ofnoeffect沒有效果的;沒有影響的sideeffect副作用put/bringsthintoeffect實施;實行;使生效causeandeffect因果(4)effectiveadj.有效的effectivelyadv.有效地;實際上【經(jīng)典練】[寫出下列句中affect的含義]Theplaceswherewelivecanaffectourthoughtsandbehaviours.__________(2)Deeplyaffectedbythefilm,theaudiencecouldn’tholdbacktears._____________(3)Alackofexerciseleavesyourbodyweakandeasilyaffectedbydisease.___________[單句語法填空](4)AsI_________bytheshowtheWhiteSnakeLegend,Ibegantodevelopadeep________forPekingOpera.(affect)(5)Sandstormsalsoreducevisibility,________(affect)airplanesandroadtransportation.(6)[2018·全國卷Ⅰ]Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysitismore__________(effect)atlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.(7)[2020·北京卷]Peoplewhoregularlypractisepositivethinkingtendtosolveproblemsmore________(effect).[寫美](8)魯迅一生創(chuàng)作了大量的小說，對中國文學產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。Duringhislifetime,LuXunwroteagreatnumberofexcellentnovels，_______________________________________．(9)IwasdeeplyaffectedbythefilmHiMomandcouldn'tholdbacktears.→______________________，Icouldn'tholdbacktears.(分詞短語作狀語)[小話題寫作](10)交通問題不僅影響著我們的日常生活,而且也可能威脅到人們的生命。Thetrafficissuenotonly____________________,butmayalsothreatenpeople’slives.答案:(1)影響(2)(感情上)深深打動(3)(疾病)侵襲,使感染(4)wasaffectedaffection(5)affecting(6)effective(7)effectively(8)allofwhichhaveaprofoundeffectonChineseliterature(9)DeeplyaffectedbythefilmHiMom(10)affectsoureverydaylife考點2.buryvt.埋葬；安葬[教材原句]Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.地震發(fā)生后不久，部隊派出了15萬名士兵奔赴唐山，將受困群眾從廢墟中搶救出來，并掩埋了死者。(1)bury...in...把……埋到……里；使……沉浸于……buryone'sfaceinone'shands雙手掩面(2)beburiedin...=Buryoneselfin(doing.)...埋頭于；專心于；沉浸于【經(jīng)典練】單句語法填空①Thegirlwassittingonthebenchinthepark,________(bury)herselfinthebook.②Though_________(bury)intheruinsforabout70hoursaftertheearthquake,themanmanagedtosurvive.[寫美句]——句式升級Becauseheburiedhimselfinplayingtheflute,hedidn'tknowitwasraining.→③______________playingtheflute,hewasnotawareitwasraining.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)→④__________playingtheflute,hewasnotawareitwasraining.(過去分詞短語作狀語)[佳句]⑤He_______________________________whenhisteamlostthegame.當他的球隊輸?shù)舯荣悤r，他掩面而泣。表示“專心于；致力于”的短語還有：

①beabsorbed/engagedin

②bedevotedto=devoteoneselfto

③belostin=loseoneselfin

④focus/concentrateon

⑤beimmersedin沉浸在⑥fix/concentrateone'sattentionon答案:①burying②buried③Buryinghimselfin④Buriedin⑤buriedhisfaceinhishandsandwept考點3.effortn.努力;艱難的嘗試;盡力[教材原句]Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity’speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.(P50)在政府的大力支持和全市人民的不懈努力下,一個嶄新的唐山在地震廢墟上崛起?！就卣埂縲ithgreateffort努力withouteffort毫不費力地inanefforttodosth為了做某事puteffortinto(doing)sth努力做某事sparenoefforttodosth不遺余力地做某事ittakesefforttodosth做某事需要努力makeeveryefforttodosth盡全力做某事makeaneffort/effortstodosth努力做某事【經(jīng)典練】單句語法填空【單句語法填空】①Agoodenvironmentdependsonthe______(effort)madebyeveryone.②Noonecanachieveanything_______effort.[完成句子](3)父母為孩子安排好一切,不遺余力地為他們的成功鋪路。Parentsarrangeeverythingfortheirchildrenand______________pavethewayfortheirsuccess.(4)我厭惡那些不努力的人。Idislikepeoplewhodon’t______________.(5)公司為節(jié)省資金解雇了150名工人。Thecompanyhaslaidoff150workers____________________savemoney.(6)He_________________________________________(不遺余力地練習說英語)everyday.

【寫作佳句】IfIamluckyenoughtobeelected,Iwillmakeeveryefforttoserveforthebenefitofstudentsandourclub.如果我有幸當選,我將盡最大努力為同學們和俱樂部的利益服務(wù)。答案:(1)tosupply(2)of(3)supplies(4)in(5)supplied(6)suppliedplentyoffoodandclothesto(7)suppliedthelocalpeoplewithplentyoffoodandclothes考點4.supplyn.[pl.]補給品;供應(yīng)(量);補給vt.供應(yīng);供給[教材原句]Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.(P52)向災(zāi)區(qū)提供的物資是從全國各地收集來的?！就卣埂?1)watersupply供水beinshortsupply供不應(yīng)求asupply/suppliesof...……的供應(yīng)supplyanddemand供求關(guān)系medicalsupplies醫(yī)療用品(2)supplysb/sthwithsth=supplysthtosb/sth給……提供某物[聯(lián)想]表示“為某人提供某物”的短語還有：providesb.withsth.＝providesth.forsb.offersb.sth.＝offersth.tosb.giveawaysth.tosb.【經(jīng)典練】[單句語法填空](1)Theyusedthemoneytosupply(supply)theschoolwithnewtextbooks.

(2)Whenevershegoesoutwithherbaby,shealwaystakesalargesupplyofbabyfoodwithher.(3)Foodsupplies(supply)intheflood-strickenareaarerunningout.(4)Duringtheoutbreakoftheepidemic,medicalmaskswere____shortsupplyineveryarea.(5)[2021·全國乙卷]Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddata________(supply)bytheWorldAtlaslistsofar.[寫美]——一句多譯政府在地震后已經(jīng)向當?shù)厝嗣裉峁┝舜罅康氖澄锖鸵挛铩?supply)(6)Thegovernment____________________________thelocalpeoplesincetheearthquakeoccurred.(7)Thegovernment________________________________________sincetheearthquakeoccurred.答案:(1)efforts(2)without(3)sparenoeffortto(4)makeaneffort(5)inaneffortto(6)sparesnoefforttopracticespeakingEnglish考點5.shockn.震驚;令人震驚的事;休克vt.(使)震驚[教材原句]Peoplewereinshock—andthen,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.(P50)人們驚呆了——接著,在那天下午晚些時候,另一場大地震再次震撼了唐山?！就卣埂?1)beashockto...使……吃驚inshock 震驚；吃驚(2)shockedadj.震驚的；驚訝的beshockedat/by 對……吃驚beshockedtodosth.做某事很吃驚(3)shockingadj. 令人震驚的(4)culturalshock 文化沖突[名師點津]shock表示“吃驚;震驚;令人震驚的事情”時是可數(shù)名詞,表示“(身心受到的)打擊;震驚”和“休克”時是不可數(shù)名詞?！窘?jīng)典練】[單句語法填空](1)Everyoneinthestreet________(shock)whentheyheardthenews.(2)________(shock)bytheexplosion,peopleranaboutinthestreet.(3)Hisnotpassingthefinalexamwasagreatshock________hisparents.(4)Iwasshocked________(hear)thatourfactorywouldhavetoclose.

(5)Thegreatfirewas_____greatshocktousall.(6)Weare_________(shock)thatsomanypeoplewereinjuredordiedintheWenchuanearthquake.(7)Iwasshocked________(hear)thatalargenumberofpangolins(穿山甲）werebeingkilledfortheirmedicalvalue.(8)Thenewsofhissuddendeathisso_______thateveryoneisverymuchshockedatit.(shock)[完成句子](9)他們在過去的幾年里取得了驚人的成就,令許多人震驚。____________________________________________________.答案:(1)wasshocked(2)Shocked(3)to(4)tohear(5)a(6)shocked(7)tohear(8)shocking(9)Theyhavemadeamazingachievementsinthepastfewyears,shockingmanypeople.考點6.suffervt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦[教材原句]Somewerefoundalive,thoughtheyweresufferingfromterribleinjuries,butothershadalreadystoppedbreathingwhentheywerediscovered.(P51)有些人被發(fā)現(xiàn)時還活著,雖然他們受了重傷,但其他人被發(fā)現(xiàn)時已經(jīng)停止了呼吸?！就卣埂?1)sufferpain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失敗/艱難/破壞sufferfrom 受……折磨；患……病(2)sufferingn. 痛苦；苦惱；讓人痛苦的事sufferern. 受難者；患病者【經(jīng)典練】單句語法填空(1)Amongobesechildren,about30percentalsosuffer________highlevelsofbloodsugarandfat.(2)Theoldmanissaidtohavegonethroughvarietiesof________(suffer)duringthewar.(3)Shortlyafter________(suffer)fromamassiveearthquakeandbeingreducedtoruins,thecitytookonanewlook.(4)Relieffoodandclothingshouldbequicklysenttothe________(suffer)fromthegreatfire.[小話題寫作](5)盡管遭受如此嚴重的自然災(zāi)害,但只要不灰心,我們終會克服困難。______________________________________________________________________________.答案:(1)from(2)sufferings(3)suffering(4)sufferers(5)Althoughwearesufferingsuchaseverenaturaldisaster,wewilleventuallyovercomethedifficultyaslongaswedon’tloseheart.考點7.cometoanend結(jié)束；終結(jié)【拓展】attheendof在……盡頭；在……末端bytheendof到……結(jié)束時；到……時候為止(常與完成時態(tài)連用) intheend 最后；終于 beatanend結(jié)束(2)put/bring...toanendputanendto... 使……結(jié)束cometoanend 完成；結(jié)束(3)make(both)endsmeet使收支相抵；量入為出(4)endupwith 以……結(jié)束endupdoing 最終在做某事【經(jīng)典練】1.Atfirstsherefusedtoadmithermistake,butsheendedup___________(apologize)tothepublic．Therewasnodoubtthatheractingcareer___________________(即將結(jié)束）.2.Whenourday’sworkwas________________,everybodyfelttiredandhungry.當一天工作結(jié)束時，大家覺得又累又餓。3.__________________________wehadsoldover2000tickets.到本周末為止，我們已經(jīng)售完2000張票。Hetriedmanytimestopasstheexamand_____________hesucceeded.他嘗試了許多次，最后終于成功通過了。答案:1.apologizingwascomingtoanend2.atanend3.Bytheendofthisweekend4.intheend考點8.inruins嚴重受損；破敗不堪；成為廢墟；毀滅[教材原句]Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins.(P50)不到一分鐘,一座大城市化為了廢墟?！就卣埂?1)ruinoneself自我毀滅ruinone’shope/chance/fame/future毀壞某人的希望/機會/名譽/未來(2)inruins嚴重受損;破敗不堪be/lieinruins成為廢墟;毀滅fallintoruins成為廢墟bring...toruin使……毀滅;使……沒落【經(jīng)典練】(單句語法填空)1.Shortlyaftersufferingfromanearthquakeandbeingreducedto______(ruin),thecitytookonanewlook.2.Thewholetown________(ruin)bytheterriblehurricanelastnight.3.Havinggonethroughtwoworldwars,thecastlehasfallen______ruin.經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)，那座城堡已經(jīng)破敗不堪了。[完成句子](4)地震之后整個城市成了一片廢墟,這讓我們徹夜未眠。Thewholecitylayinruinsaftertheearthquake,whichmadeusawakeallnight.(5)我們的假期被臺風給毀了。Ourvacation________bythetyphoon.(6)宮殿被徹底摧毀了,而不是輕微受損,無法修復(fù),留下的只是廢墟。Thepalacewasdestroyedcompletelyratherthanwasslightlydamaged,whichcan’tberepaired,____________.答案:1.ruins2.wasruined3.into4.layinruins5.wasruined6.leavingonlyruins考點9.asif似乎;好像;仿佛Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!仿佛世界末日即將來臨！【拓展】(1)asif表示“仿佛,好像”,在句中引導(dǎo)表語從句,其意義和用法與asthough相同。常跟在特定動詞后面,如seem、look、taste、sound、feel等。(2)asif引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句時,常置于行為動詞之后。(3)asif/asthough引導(dǎo)從句的語氣:①當從句所表達的情況有明顯的依據(jù)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性比較大時,asif引導(dǎo)的從句要用陳述語氣。①Hurryup!Itlooksasifthetrainisgoingtomove.快點！看起來好像火車要開了。②當從句所陳述的是不真實的或不可能發(fā)生(存在)的情況時，從句謂語常用虛擬語氣，結(jié)構(gòu)如下：與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句謂語動詞用過去時(be動詞用were)與過去事實相反從句謂語動詞用過去完成時(haddone)與將來事實相反從句謂語動詞用would/could/mightdo②ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIhaddoneit?打破窗戶的是約翰。為什么你對我說好像是我打破的似的？[名師點津]如果asif引導(dǎo)的從句中的主語和主句的主語相同,且含有be動詞,可省略從句主語和be動詞,這樣asif后就只剩下名詞、不定式、形容詞(短語)、介詞短語或分詞?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語法填空①Hedescribedthecharactersinthenovelasifhe_______(meet)themfacetoface.

②Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasif_________________________(好像發(fā)生在昨天).

③Itseemedasifthey_______________________(決不會有)thechanceofworkingagain.

④Heopenedhismouthasif____________(say)something.⑤Thechildtalkstousasifhe______(be)agrown-up.⑥Hetalksbig_______________________________.他夸夸其談，好像什么都知道似的。⑦Mary’sdescriptionofthepartywassovividthatIfeltasifI________(be)there.瑪麗對晚會的描述很生動,以至于我感覺好像我在那里一樣。⑧Lookatthecloudsinthesky!Itlooks____________________________.看看天上的云彩！看起來要下雨。[寫美]——讀后續(xù)寫佳句⑨[2021·浙江卷6月，讀后續(xù)寫]靠近房子的時候，我注意到爸爸媽媽站在那輛舊卡車旁邊，一臉悲傷。好像發(fā)生了什么不愉快的事情。Uponapproachingthehouse,Inoticedmydadandmomstandingbesidetheoldtruck,lookingsad.____________________________.答案:①hadmet②ithappenedyesterday③werenevergoingtohave④tosay⑤were⑥asifhekneweverything⑦hadbeen⑧asifitisgoingtorain⑨Itseemedasifsomethingunpleasanthappened考點10.句型：bedoingsth.when...正在做某事，這時(突然)……(教材原句)Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.我和我的三個孩子正在吃早飯，突然水開始涌入家中。【拓展】beabouttodo...when...正要做……這時(突然)……beonthepointofdoing...when...正要做……這時(突然)……h(huán)adjustdone...when...剛做完……這時(突然)……【經(jīng)典練】單句語法填空1.Shehadjustfinishedherhomework________hermotheraskedhertoplaythepiano.2.Iwasabouttogiveup________mybestfriendencouragedmetogoon.[完成句子]3.約翰正在房間里學習,突然聽到了一聲尖叫。John________inhisroom______heheardascream.4.我正要放棄,這時我最好的朋友鼓勵我繼續(xù)下去。I____________________________mybestfriendencouragedmetogoon.5.她剛剛做完作業(yè),媽媽就讓她練習彈鋼琴。She_____________________________hermotheraskedhertopractiseplayingthepiano.[寫美句]——應(yīng)用文佳句6.[浙江卷，寫作]上周一，我正在街上散步，這時突然看到一位老人從自行車上摔了下來。LastMonday,I____________________________Isuddenlysawanoldmanfalloffhisbicycle.7.2001年的一天，賈曉玲和她的母親在騎自行車時被一輛車撞倒。Onedayin2001,JiaXiaolingandhermom______________________________________.答案:1.when2.when3.wasstudyingwhen4.wasonthepointofgivingupwhen5.hadjustfinishedherhomeworkwhen6.waswalkinginthestreetwhen7.wereridingabiketogetherwhentheywerehitbyacar一．語法精講——限制性定語從句思維導(dǎo)圖語法詳解在復(fù)合句中作定語，修飾名詞、代詞或整個句子的從句叫做定語從句。定語從句在句中的作用相當于形容詞。被修飾的部分叫先行詞，連接先行詞與從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。限制性定語從句與非限制限制性定語從句的區(qū)別分類關(guān)系詞的使用用法定語從句限制性定語從句作賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略；可用that引導(dǎo)對先行詞起修飾限制作用非限制性定語從句關(guān)系代詞在任何情況下都不能省略；不用that引導(dǎo)對先行詞起補充說明作用。在非限制性定語從句中，先行詞與定語從句往往有逗號隔開。非限制性定語從句相當于并列句、狀語從句等Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.(Hehasonlytwosons.)Hehastowsonswhoworkinthesamecompany.(Perhapshehasmorethantwosons.)Hefailedinthematch,whichwasagreatpity.(非限制性定語從句，先行詞為前面整個句子)（=Hefailedinthematch,anditwasagreatpity.）(2)定語從句關(guān)系詞的用法關(guān)系先行詞關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當?shù)某煞謜ho指人主語、賓語whom指人賓語which指物主語、賓語that指人或物主語、賓語、表語whose指人或物定語as指人或物主語、賓語when指時間作時間狀語where指地點作地點狀語why指原因作原因狀語注意：1.作賓語時who和whom常可互換，但作賓語的關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時用whom。TheoldmanwithwhomIoftengototheparkismygrandfather.2.“whose+名詞”可與“限定詞+名詞+ofwhich/whom”或“ofwhich/whom+限定詞+名詞”換用。Thehousewhosewindows(=thewindowsofwhich或ofwhichthewindows)facethestreetismyuncle’s.Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.=Thisisthescientist,theachievementofwhomarewellknown.=Thisisthescientist,ofwhomtheachievementsarewellknown.例句：Theboywho/thatwasintheofficeyesterdayismybrother.IhavemanyfriendstowhomIamgoingtosendpostcards.Theworkthat/whichhasjustbeenfinishedisveryimportant.That’sthegirl(whom/who/that)Iteach.Thisisthestudentwhosehandwritingisthebestinourschool.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.I’dliketoknowthereasonwhyyouaresolate.(3)關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞選用依據(jù)判斷依據(jù)說明例句根據(jù)從句中的謂語動詞判斷從句謂語動詞為及物動詞，后面如無賓語，就需用關(guān)系代詞；從句謂語為不及物動詞則要用關(guān)系副詞Thisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedlastyear.(visit及物動詞)Thisisthefactorywhereheusedtowork.(work不及物動詞)根據(jù)先行詞在從句中所作的成分判斷先行詞在從句中作主語、賓語、定語時，用關(guān)系代詞；作狀語時用關(guān)系副詞Isthisthemuseum(that/which)youvisitedafewdaysago?(作賓語)Isthisthemuseumwheretheexhibitionwasheld?(作狀語)(4)關(guān)系代詞that和which的區(qū)別1.在限制性定語從句中，用關(guān)系詞that不用which的情況：先行詞是不定代詞或被不定代詞all，little，few，much，everything，anything，nothing，none，some等修飾時Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?Ihavesomebooksthatareworthreading.先行詞被thevery，theonly，theright，thelast等修飾時ThisistheverybusthatI’mwaitingfor.先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時Thisisthebestwaythathasbeenusedagainstpollution.ThistrainisthefirstthatwillgotoSuzhou.當先行詞既有人又有物時Doyouknowthepersonsandthingsthattheyaretalkingabout?當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時Whichisthebikethatyoulost?有兩個定語從句時，其中一個關(guān)系代詞宜用which，另外一個宜用thatTheysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.當先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代詞在從句中也作表語時Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.主句時therebe句型且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語時，用that不用which引導(dǎo)Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillavailable.2.當先行詞指事/物時，定語從句中關(guān)系代詞用which不用that的情況：在非限制性定語從句中，只用which，不用thatThesportsmeetingwasputoff,whichastonishedme.當動詞短語中的介詞提前時，只用which，不用thatThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.先行詞后面有插入語是，只用which，不用thatHereistheEnglishgrammerbookwhich,asI’vetoldyou,willhelpyouimproveyourEnglish.先行詞本身是that時，只用which，不用thatWhat’sthatwhichflashedthroughtheskyjustnow?題組訓練，用關(guān)系代詞that或which填空Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomehting____wassomeoneelse’sfault.WheneverImether,_____wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.Allthepresents______yourfriendsgaceyouonyourbirthdayshouldbeputaway.Thisistheverybook____Ihavebeenlookingfor.Hewaslatefortheopeningceremony,____wasverysurprisingtome.(5)as與which的用法區(qū)別as(1)引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，作關(guān)系代詞，既可指人又可指物，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)：①such＋名詞＋as...意為“像……一樣的；像……之類的”；②such(＋代詞＋)as...，意為“像……一樣的；像……之類的”；③thesame(＋名詞＋)as...意為“和……同樣的”。Heissuchamanasisalwaysreadytohelpothers.(作主語)Ihavethesamebookasyou(have)．(作賓語)(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為整個主句或主句中的一部分，意為“正如；像”。Youcan'tjudgeabookbyitscover，astheoldsayinggoes.(作賓語)正如老話所說的那樣：“人不可貌相。”[特別注意]關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時一般可省略，但其前有介詞時一般不可省略。2．which與as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的3點區(qū)別whichas位置上只能放在主句的后面位置靈活，可位于句首、句中也可置于句末搭配上無動詞的限制謂語動詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動的動詞，如see,hear,know,expect,remember等意思上意為“這”表示“正如……，正像……的那樣”Shemarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.她再婚了，這是始料未及的。Shemarriedagain,asweexpected.正如我們預(yù)料的那樣，她再婚了。定語從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致當引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，定語從句中的謂語動詞在人稱、數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。Oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+動詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。Titanticisoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathavebeenproducedinhollywood.theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+動詞單數(shù)形式Titanticistheonlyoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathasbeenproducedinhollywood.當關(guān)系代詞as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾主句內(nèi)容時，若as與which作主語，則從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.（9）注意way和time后接定語從句的情況1.當先行詞是way（方式，方法）定語從句中缺賓語時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有三種形式：thatThewaywhichheexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(從句缺賓語)不填thatThewayinwhichheexplainthesentencetouswasdifficulttounderstand.（從句缺狀語）不填2.先行詞時time時，若time作“次數(shù)”講，應(yīng)用關(guān)系詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句，that可省略；若time作“一段時間”講，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when或介詞during+which引導(dǎo)定語從句。Thisisthesecondtime(that)thePresidenthasvisitedthecountry.Therewasatimewhen/duringwhichtherewerenoradios,telephonesorTvsets.練習Ⅰ.單句語法填空(2021新高考卷II卷)IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany_______usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.(2020新高考卷I卷)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum______openedin1759.(2019全國卷III)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters______hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogram________givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.(2018·浙江高考)Manywesterners________cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)ButSarah,________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)I'dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.(2018·江蘇高考改編)Selfdrivingisanarea________Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.(2017·6月浙江高考)Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktherin