Unit4

Space

Exploration本單元的中心話(huà)題是“太空探索”，屬于“科技創(chuàng)新”的主題語(yǔ)境。人類(lèi)為什么要進(jìn)行太空探索？就短期來(lái)說(shuō)（short-term），太空探索+外太空擴(kuò)張是解決地球資源短缺問(wèn)題的必要出路。地球的資源是有限，且不說(shuō)很多資源是不可再生的：比如地球上的金元素，都是宇宙中超新星爆炸時(shí)灑落在在星辰中的；而我們不可能再允許地球周?chē)l(fā)生超新星爆炸，因?yàn)檫@樣地球也會(huì)隨之毀滅，因此地球的金元素，便是不可再生的資源；同理，地球上還有很多元素都在宇宙大爆炸時(shí)期產(chǎn)生的，這些元素也皆為不可再生元素。就長(zhǎng)期來(lái)說(shuō)（long-term），地球是有生命周期的，宇宙中所有的星星都有壽終就寢的那一刻，甚至連宇宙本身也是。先不說(shuō)其他太空中的混亂可能會(huì)給地球造成的危機(jī)，畢竟恐龍滅絕的故事大家應(yīng)該都聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，這只是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，卻不是必然的結(jié)果。那么對(duì)于地球終點(diǎn)的必然結(jié)果，便是恒星死去的那一刻，也就是說(shuō)太陽(yáng)系的唯一恒星——太陽(yáng)——變?yōu)榘装牵ê阈堑氖w）的那一刻。由于屆時(shí)太陽(yáng)的質(zhì)量會(huì)發(fā)生巨大的坍縮，整個(gè)太陽(yáng)系的引力都會(huì)大亂，整個(gè)星系必會(huì)毀于一旦。1.衛(wèi)星發(fā)射發(fā)射衛(wèi)星

launchasatellite發(fā)射臺(tái)

launchpad

扶梯

ladder著陸區(qū)

landingarea

著陸架landingpad主著陸場(chǎng)

mainlandingfield=primarylandingsite2.衛(wèi)星人造衛(wèi)星

artificialsatellite

返回式衛(wèi)星

recoverablesatellite

通信衛(wèi)星

communicationsatellite

太陽(yáng)同步軌道衛(wèi)星

satelliteinSun-synchronousorbit

遙感衛(wèi)星

remotesensingsatellite

氣象衛(wèi)星

weathersatellite=meteorologicalsatellite

3.火箭多級(jí)火箭

multistagerocket

運(yùn)載火箭

carrierrocket;rocketlauncher

長(zhǎng)征二號(hào)F運(yùn)載火箭

LongMarchIIFcarrierrocket

4.航天飛船構(gòu)造太空艙

capsule

軌道艙

orbitalmodule返回艙

re-entrymodule推進(jìn)艙

propellingmodule指令艙

commandmodule服務(wù)艙

servicemodule登月艙

lunarmodule發(fā)射臺(tái)

launchpad5.軌道近地軌道

lowEarthorbit調(diào)整軌道

fine-tuneorbit

繞地球飛行

orbittheearth6.外太空國(guó)際空間站

InternationalSpaceStation太陽(yáng)能電池板

solarpanel

月球車(chē)

lunarrover

外太空

outerspace;deepspace銀河系

MilkyWay太空服

spaceoutfits(spacesuits）太空食物

spacefood拓展閱讀一、主題閱讀基礎(chǔ)篇，5篇Imaginejet-settingfromTokyotoParis,enjoyingfirst-classtravel,afour-coursedinnerandacitytour—allwithoutleavingtheground.ThisisthefutureofairtravelaccordingtoJapanesecompanyFirstAirlines,whichhasusedthepowerofvirtualrealitytocreatedreamvacations.Passengersavoidthecostlyairporttransfer,thebaggagefeesorbusyairportterminal(航站樓)—andinsteadenjoytheprivilegesofbusinessorfirst-classtravelandanexpensivetourofParis—allwhileremainingmotionlessinTokyo.AswellasParis,FirstAirlinesalsooffersthevirtualdestinationsofNewYork,RomeandHawaii.Afterboarding,guestscansettledownforthetwo-hourflightontheiradvancedAirbusseat-surroundedbydecorationthatismodeledontheinsideofanaircraft,formaximumrealism.ThereisflightserviceandVR,foods,musicforeverydestination.Passengerswillbeservedadeliciousmealbyairstewards,alongsidedrinksandotherdesserts.Themenudependsonthedestinationofchoice—Manhattanclamchowder(蛤肉菜湯)andcheesecakeforNewYorkandsalmontartarandonionsoupforParis.Afterlandingatthedestination,guestscanenjoya360-degreetourofthedestination—allthankstoprojection(投影)mappingandvideo.Itmakesforasupposedlystress-freevacation,perfectforthosewhoseabilitytotravelabroadislimitedbycostorhealth.Virtualrealityisbecomingincreasinglypresenteverywhereatalltimesintheworldoftravel—allowingtravellerstoappreciatethewondersoftheworld,allwithoutleavingtheirhouses.Atjust4,980yen($46)forbusinessclassand5,980yen($56)forfirstclass—thesetwo-hourflightsarefarmoreaffordablethantheirreal-lifeflights.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutthefutureofairtravelfromTokyotoParis?A.Itishigh-flying.B.Itismoney-saving.C.Itispower-wasting.D.Itistime-consuming.2.Whencanpassengersenjoythebeautyofthedestination?A.Uponarrival.B.Duringtheflight.C.Afterboardingtheplane.D.Ongettingofftheplane.3.Whoistheflightperfectfor?A.Peoplewhodolittlephysicalexercise.B.Peoplewhoworkundergreatpressure.C.Peoplewhodesiretotravelalongdistance.D.Peoplewhohavehealthormoneytroubles.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AscientificfantasyB.ThepowerofvirtualrealityC.Japan’svirtualairtravelabroadD.Appreciationoftheglobalwonders【答案】1．B2．A3．D4．C1.答案:B解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Passengersavoidthecostlyairporttransfer,thebaggagefeesorbusyairportterminal—andinsteadenjoytheprivilegesofbusinessorfirst-classtravelandanexpensivetourofParis—allwhileremainingmotionlessinTokyo.”可知,從東京到巴黎的航空旅行在未來(lái)是省錢(qián)的。故選B項(xiàng)。2.答案:A解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Afterlandingatthedestination,guestscanenjoya360-degreetourofthedestination...”可知,一到達(dá)旅客就能享受目的地的美景。故選A項(xiàng)。3.答案:D解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Itmakesforasupposedlystress-freevacation,perfectforthosewhoseabilitytotravelabroadislimitedbycostorhealth.”可知,對(duì)于那些有健康或金錢(qián)問(wèn)題的人來(lái)說(shuō),這個(gè)體驗(yàn)是完美的。故選D項(xiàng)。4.答案:C解析:標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文,尤其是第一段內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講述的是,日本第一航空公司推出了虛擬航空旅行,描述了航空旅行的未來(lái),它利用虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的力量創(chuàng)造了夢(mèng)幻般的假期。故選C項(xiàng)。.Thecarbonfootprintshowshowmuchcarbondioxideapersonemits(排放)ineverydaylife.Itmeasurestheamountoffossil(化石)fuelsandelectricitysomeoneusesupaswellasthecarbonfootprintoftheproductstheybuy.Whenweuseourcarsorheatourhomeswithcarbondioxide，variousothergasesaresetfree._____1_____Youcanmeasureyourcarbonfootprintbyusingacalculatorthatyoucanfindonvariouswebsites.___2___InAmericaforexample，everycitizenproducesabout28tonsofcarbondioxideandotherdangerousgasesayear；inGreatBritaintheamountisabout10tons.___3___Thewaywetravel，forexample，hasamajoreffectonourenvironment.Useyourbikeorwalkforshortdistances.Publictransportisawayofgettingtoplaceswithoutputtingaburdenontheenvironment.___4___Manyenvironmentalexperts，however，arguethatitoftensavesenergytobuyfoodthatisproducednaturallyinfarawayplacesthanconsumingfoodgrownlocallyingreenhouses.Inyourhomeyoucancontributetosavingenergybyturningofflightsifyoudon’tneedthemorbyavoidingtheuseofairconditioners.Recyclingplasticglassandpapercanalsoreduceyourcarbonfootprintdramatically.___5___Onlyifweconcentrateonreducingcarbonemissionstogethercanwehopetomakeourenvironmentbetter.A．Manypeopletravelbetweencitiesandsuburbseveryday.B．ThecarbonfootprintisusuallymeasuredintonsofCO2peryear.C．Theseemissionsleadtoathickeratmosphereandglobalwarming.D．Itisalsovitaltopersuadeotherstotakethesamestepsthatyoudo.E．Therearemanyactionsyoucantaketoreduceyourcarbonfootprint.F．Thewebsitesalsoprovidecarbonstoragetoolsandmethodsforindividuals.Buyinglocalfoodisanotherwayofrestrictingemissionintotheatmosphere.【答案】1．C2．B3．E4．G5．D【文章大意】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章指出了減少碳排放量的重要性，并且提出了減少碳排放量的方法。1．前文“Whenweuseourcarsorheatourhomeswithcarbondioxide，variousothergasesaresetfree.”（當(dāng)我們使用汽車(chē)或用二氧化碳來(lái)取暖時(shí)，各種其他氣體就釋放出來(lái)了）中的carbondioxide和variousothergases對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C中的Theseemissions。所以選項(xiàng)C（這些排放會(huì)導(dǎo)致大氣層變厚和全球變暖）切合文意，是“各種其他氣體釋放出來(lái)”產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。故選C。2．根據(jù)后文“InAmericaforexample，everycitizenproducesabout28tonsofcarbondioxideandotherdangerousgasesayear；inGreatBritaintheamountisabout10tons.”（例如，在美國(guó)，每個(gè)公民每年產(chǎn)生約28噸二氧化碳和其他危險(xiǎn)氣體；在英國(guó)，這個(gè)數(shù)字約為10噸。）可知，碳足跡通常以每年的二氧化碳噸數(shù)來(lái)衡量，所以選項(xiàng)B（碳足跡通常以每年的二氧化碳噸數(shù)來(lái)衡量）切合文意。故選B。3．根據(jù)后文“Useyourbikeorwalkforshortdistances.Publictransportisawayofgettingtoplaceswithoutputtingaburdenontheenvironment.”（短距離使用自行車(chē)或步行。公共交通是一種不給環(huán)境帶來(lái)負(fù)擔(dān)的出行方式。）可知，此處是指減少碳排放量的措施，所以選項(xiàng)E（你可以采取很多行動(dòng)來(lái)減少你的碳排放量。）切合文意。故選E。4．根據(jù)后文“Manyenvironmentalexperts，however，arguethatitoftensavesenergytobuyfoodthatisproducednaturallyinfarawayplacesthanconsumingfoodgrownlocallyingreenhouses.”（然而，許多環(huán)境專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為，購(gòu)買(mǎi)遠(yuǎn)方自然生產(chǎn)的食物往往比消費(fèi)溫室里本地種植的食物更節(jié)省能源。）可知，此處是指購(gòu)買(mǎi)當(dāng)?shù)厥澄镆部梢詼p少你的碳排放量。所以選項(xiàng)G（購(gòu)買(mǎi)本地食品是另一種限制排放到大氣中的方法。）切合文意。故選G。5.根據(jù)后文“Onlyifweconcentrateonreducingcarbonemissionstogethercanwehopetomakeourenvironmentbetter.”（只有我們集中精力一起減少碳排放，我們才有希望使我們的環(huán)境變得更好。）可知，此處是號(hào)召人們一起行動(dòng)起來(lái)。所以選項(xiàng)D（說(shuō)服別人采取和你一樣的措施也是至關(guān)重要的。）切合文意。故選D。Whenwewerekids,

wedidn’tthinkofsuccessorfailureinthewaywethinknow.

Atthattimewedivedstraightinto__1__.Inhighschool,

Idevelopedapreferenceforart.

__2__,

Istudiedreallyhardaboutotherthings,

aimingforasuccessfulcareerininformationscience.

__3__everybodywassupportingmeincontinuingonthe“pathofsuccess”,

Ifeltreally__4__inside.

DeepdownIknew,

I’mnotthispersoneverybodythinksIam—myheartwas__5__

forsomethingmoremeaningful.

Iwantedtodoart.Myfinalyearatcollegewas

also

a__6__.

Ididn’tmanagetograduateintimewithmygeneration.

ThenItriedanimation,

design,

andevenmusic__7__forawhile,

sodifferentfromthecareerthatIwasalways__8__todo.

Needlesstosay,

such“creative”breakthroughsbroughtmemuchsatisfaction,

butIwasrunningoutofmoney.

Iwasstuckina

__9__—findingajoborfinishingmydegree,

__10__Imadegoodprogressatneitherofthem.

Irealizedthatjustastrong

__11__willnotbringmeacrosstheriver.

Ihadtodotheworkwithmyownhands.Oneday,

aformerhighschoolteachermetmeonthestreet.

Hewas__12__tohearI,

oneofhistopstudents,

wasn’tdoingwell.

Hethen__13__metofindmyfirstjobasagamedeveloper.

Afterstartingwork,

mylifestartedtoimprove.__14__,

Icanseemygoalsanddreamshaveremarkablychangedovertheyears.

Ioftenremindmyselfthatalthoughsomedreamsmay__15__,

youcanalwayshaveyourpassionrebornagain.1.

A.

safetyB.

adventuresC.

agreementD.

conflicts2.

A.

InsteadB.

OtherwiseC.

ThusD.

However3.

A.

AlthoughB.

Since

C.

As

D.

If4.

A.

confidentB.

angry

C.

peacefulD.

empty5.

A.

beatingB.

bleeding

C.

aching

D.

answering6.

A.

successB.

mess

C.

relief

D.

panic7.

A.

randomly

B.

wisely

C.

secretly

D.

suddenly8.

A.

reminded

B.

allowed

C.

ordered

D.

meant9.

A.

solutionB.

dilemma

C.

negotiation

D.

compromise10.

A.

and

B.

or

C.

so

D.

but11.

A.

desire

B.

relationship

C.

influence

D.

commitment12.

A.

amusedB.

proud

C.

sad

D.

annoyed13.

A.

helped

B.

invited

C.

promised

D.

forced14.

A.

Settingoff

B.

Lookingback

C.

Backingout

D.

Holdingon15.

A.

stepdown

B.

cometrue

C.

turnup

D.

dieout【答案】BDADCBADBDACABD【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過(guò)敘述自己在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷告訴我們：雖然有些夢(mèng)想可能會(huì)消失,但通過(guò)努力你仍可以讓你的激情再生。答案B[根據(jù)上文“Whenwewerekids,wedidn’tthinkofsuccessorfailureinthewaywethinknow”及下文中我的經(jīng)歷可知,那時(shí)我們直接投身于冒險(xiǎn)(adventures)中。]答案D[根據(jù)空前的“Inhighschool,Idevelopedapreferenceforart”及空后的“Istudiedreallyhardaboutotherthings”可知,前后之間形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。however“然而”符合語(yǔ)境。]答案A[根據(jù)下文“Ifeltreally________inside...Iam”可知,此處指雖然(Although)大家都支持我繼續(xù)走這種“成功之路”,但我內(nèi)心覺(jué)得非?？仗?empty)。]答案D[參見(jiàn)上題解析。]答案C[根據(jù)下文“Iwantedtodoart”可知,我的心渴望(aching)著更有意義的東西。]答案B[根據(jù)下文“Ididn’tmanagetograduateintimewithmygeneration”可知,此處表示我大學(xué)的最后一年也是一團(tuán)糟(mess)。]答案A[根據(jù)下文“sodifferentfromthecareerthatIwasalways________todo”可知,此處為然后我試著學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)畫(huà)制作、設(shè)計(jì),甚至隨機(jī)(randomly)學(xué)習(xí)了一段時(shí)間的音樂(lè),和我一直想要從事的職業(yè)如此不同。]答案D[參見(jiàn)上題解析。bemeanttodosth“意欲做某事”,符合語(yǔ)境。]答案B[根據(jù)下文“findingajoborfinishingmydegree”可知,我陷入了進(jìn)退兩難的境地(dilemma)。]答案D[根據(jù)空后的“Imadegoodprogressatneitherofthem”可知,此處為但(but)我在這兩方面都沒(méi)有取得很大的進(jìn)步。]答案A[根據(jù)下文“Ihadtodotheworkwithmyownhands”可知,需要親手去做工作,僅有強(qiáng)烈的欲望(desire)是不能克服困難的。]答案C[根據(jù)空后的“I,oneofhistopstudents,wasn’tdoingwell”可知,作為老師最好的學(xué)生之一,沒(méi)有取得好的成就,所以此處表示老師對(duì)我感到傷心(sad)。]答案A[根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處為然后他幫(helped)我找到了第一份工作。]答案B[根據(jù)空后的“Icanseemygoalsanddreamshaveremarkablychangedovertheyears”可知,此處為回顧過(guò)去(Lookingback)。]答案D[根據(jù)空后的“youcanalwayshaveyourpassionrebornagain”可知,我經(jīng)常提醒自己,雖然有些夢(mèng)想可能會(huì)消失(dieout),但激情總能再生。Citizenscienceisscienceforeveryone.Specifically,citizenscienceiswhenthepublic

____1____

(voluntary)helpsconductresearch.Mostcitizenscientistscollectdatawithtoolsprovided

____2____

projectdirectors.Thesedatahelpprofessionalscientistsanswer

____3____

(science)questionsandsolveimportantproblems.Anyonecanbeacitizenscientist.Allittakesissometime,

____4____

(curious),andasenseofwonder.Whyistheterm“citizenscience”used?Mostpeopleandorganizationsinthisfieldintend“citizen”

____5____

(mean)ageneralcitizenoftheworld,notalegally-definedcitizenofacountry.Whensomeonementions“citizenscience”,theretendstobe

____6____

immediateunderstandingofwhatthey’retalkingabout.Communityscienceisoneparticulartypeofcitizenscience—onein

____7____

acommunitydrivestheproject.Incommunityscience,acommunitymayposetheresearchquestion,decidewhattypeofdatatocollect,orusetheresultstoinformsomeaction.There

____8____

(be)typicallyaprofessionalscientistororganizationthatworkstogetherwiththecommunity.Anotherreasonisthatscienceisforeveryone,nomatterwhetheryou

____9____

(participate)inscienceornotinthepast.Thecitizenscienceisdevotedtomakingscienceinclusivetoalland

____10____

(ensure)thateverypersonhastherightandtheopportunitytoparticipateinscience.【答案】1.voluntarily2．by3．scientific4．curiosity5．tomean6．a(chǎn)n7．which8．is9．participated10．ensuring【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。公民科學(xué)是面向大眾的科學(xué)，是指公眾自愿幫助進(jìn)行研究的科學(xué)種類(lèi)。文章對(duì)這一科學(xué)種類(lèi)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹。1．考查副詞。句意：具體來(lái)說(shuō)，公民科學(xué)是指公眾自愿幫助進(jìn)行研究。修飾動(dòng)詞helps應(yīng)用副詞voluntarily表示“自愿地”作狀語(yǔ)。故填voluntarily。2．考查介詞。句意：大多數(shù)公民科學(xué)家使用項(xiàng)目主管提供的工具收集數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)“projectdirectors”可知，此處是指由項(xiàng)目主管提供的工具，所以應(yīng)用介詞by引出動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。故填by。3．考查形容詞。句意：這些數(shù)據(jù)幫助專(zhuān)業(yè)科學(xué)家回答科學(xué)問(wèn)題和解決重要問(wèn)題。修飾名詞questions應(yīng)用形容詞scientific表示“科學(xué)的”作定語(yǔ)。故填scientific。4．考查名詞。句意：所需要的只是一些時(shí)間、好奇心和求知欲。根據(jù)“asenseofwonder”可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞curiosity表示“好奇心”作表語(yǔ)。故填curiosity。5．考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：這一領(lǐng)域的大多數(shù)人和組織將“公民”定義為一般的世界公民，而不是法律定義的一國(guó)公民。intendsbtodo意為“打算讓某人做某事”，為固定搭配，所以應(yīng)用todo不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填tomean。6．考查冠詞。句意：當(dāng)有人提到“公民科學(xué)”時(shí)，人們往往會(huì)立即明白他們?cè)谡f(shuō)什么。名詞understanding意為“理解”，此處為可數(shù)名詞，且第一次出現(xiàn)，所以應(yīng)用不定冠詞表示泛指。immediate的開(kāi)頭發(fā)音為元音音素，所以冠詞應(yīng)用an。故填an。7．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：社區(qū)科學(xué)是公民科學(xué)的一種特殊類(lèi)型——由社區(qū)推動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)“acommunitydrivestheproject”可知，此處是指在社區(qū)科學(xué)的范疇里，所以在定語(yǔ)從句中缺少介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，且先行詞為one，one代指ascience，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。8．考查主謂一致和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：通常有一個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)的科學(xué)家或組織與社區(qū)一起工作。此處描述客觀事實(shí)，所以應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。therebe句型適用“就近原則”。故填is。9．考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意：另一個(gè)原因是，科學(xué)是每個(gè)人的，無(wú)論你過(guò)去是否參與科學(xué)?？仗帪閺木渲^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)“inthepast”可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填participated。10.考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：公民科學(xué)致力于使科學(xué)面向所有人，并確保每個(gè)人都有權(quán)利和機(jī)會(huì)參與科學(xué)。bedevotedtodoing意為“致力于做某事”，為固定搭配，所以此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填ensuring。假如你是李華，你校將舉辦以“人工智能”為主題的科技創(chuàng)新大賽（theScienceandTechnologyInnovationContest）。請(qǐng)你就本次活動(dòng)為英語(yǔ)校報(bào)寫(xiě)一則宣傳稿，內(nèi)容包括：(1)比賽目的、時(shí)間和內(nèi)容；(2)報(bào)名方式；(3)號(hào)召大家積極參與。注意：(1)詞數(shù)80左右；可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。【答案】Haveyoueverimaginedmakingarobotonyourown?Well,nowit'syourshowtime!Aimedatenrichingourlifeaswellasinspiringourcreativity,theScienceandTechnologyInnovationContestisscheduledtobeheldonourcampusnextmonth.Thecontest,featuringartificialintelligenceandlife,isdefinitelyworthexpecting.Therearevariouscompetitionsrangingfromcomputerprogramstorobotraces.Italsoencouragesusefulinventions.AnyoneobsessedwithrobotscansignupforthecontestonourschoolwebsitebeforenextFriday.Thestageisyours.Youractiveinvolvementandexcellentperformancearehighlyexpected!【解析】【思路點(diǎn)撥】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。寫(xiě)作時(shí)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主，注意人稱(chēng)的變化。寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)已給出，注意不要遺漏要點(diǎn)，適當(dāng)添加細(xì)節(jié)，以充實(shí)文章內(nèi)容。盡量使用高級(jí)詞匯和高級(jí)句型，同時(shí)要使用合適的銜接詞，讓文章看起來(lái)有條理?！玖咙c(diǎn)詞匯】①aimedat...旨在……②(be)obsessedwith...著迷于……⑤signupfor...報(bào)名參加……【高分句型】①Aimedatenrichingourlifeaswellasinspiringourcreativity,theScienceandTechnologyInnovationContestisscheduledtobeheldonourcampusnextmonth.（過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)）②Thecontest,featuringartificialintelligenceandlife,isdefinitelyworthexpecting.（現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)）【結(jié)構(gòu)布局】引言：引入主題中心：介紹比賽目的、時(shí)間、內(nèi)容以及報(bào)名方式結(jié)尾：號(hào)召大家積極參與【拓展詞匯】①bekeenon對(duì)……著迷②enjoygreatpopularity廣受歡迎【拓展句型】①Somedetailsabout...areasfollows.……的細(xì)節(jié)如下。②I'mconvincedthatyoucanhaveabetterunderstandingof...throughtheactivities.我相信通過(guò)這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)你會(huì)對(duì)……有個(gè)更好的了解。主題閱讀提高篇，5篇ThereisarockettowerinMississippithat’sreadytotestNASAenginespowerfulenoughtopusharockettotheMoonandMars.There’soneproblem:NASAcanceledtherocketitplannedtousetotakemantotheMoonandMarsyearsago.Despitethat,Congressorderedtheagencytokeepbuildingthetoweranyway.Theentirecostoftheprogramtotaled$350million.Andthatwasn’tall.CongressalsoorderedNASAtokeepthetowerinworkingconditionatanadditionalcostof$700,000ayear.“Myviewofthisteststandisthatitisasortofaclassicexampleofthespaceprogramnowbeingmoreaboutjobsandpeople’sdistrictsthanabouttheveryexcitingpurposeofNASA,”saidLoriGarver,aformerNASAdeputyadministrator.“Weshouldn’tbedirectedbyjustacoupleofcontractorsandindividualstodoself-servingprogramslikethisone.”ABCNewsmetwithSen.RogerWicker,whoseMississippicongressionaldelegationsavedthetower,toaskWickerwhetherthetowerwasaboutsavingthelargestemployerinthecounty—theJohnC.StennisSpaceCenter—ortoadvancespacetravel.WickertoldABCNewsthathehopedthetowerprovedtobewellspent.“Thecountrywillbenefitfromit,”Wickersaid.“ItisaninvestmentandIdobelieveadecadeorsofromnowwe’lllookbackonitandsay,‘Itiswellspentbecausetheprogramhasbeenrevived.Thatisthehope.”Theprogramhasnotyetbeenrevivedandthegovernmenthasnoplanstotesttherockets.1.What’sthepurposeofbuildingarockettowerinMississippi?A.Torealisethedreamofcarryingmantotravelinspace.B.TotestiftheenginescanpushrocketstotheMoonandMars.C.TolaunchrocketstocollectinformationfromtheMoonandMars.D.TosenduprocketstotheMoonandMarstocarryoutspaceexperiments.2.WhatisLoriGarver’sattitudetowardstherockettower?A.Cautious.B.Supportive.C.Indifferent.D.Opposed.3.Theunderlinedword“revived”canbereplacedby.A.reusedB.reformedC.rejectedD.recognised【答案】1．B2．D3．A1.答案:B解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知在密西西比州建火箭塔是為了測(cè)試美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局的引擎是否足以把火箭發(fā)送到月球和火星上去。故選B項(xiàng)。2.答案:D解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Weshouldn’tbedirectedbyjustacoupleofcontractorsandindividualstodoself-servingprogramslikethisone.”可知,LoriGarver是持反對(duì)態(tài)度的。故選D項(xiàng)。3.答案:A解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“NASAcanceledtherocket...”可知,美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局取消了火箭發(fā)射項(xiàng)目,再結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段中的“we’lllookbackonitandsay...thehope”可知,該畫(huà)線詞的意思應(yīng)為“恢復(fù),重新使用”。故選A項(xiàng)。Thedesiretobenoticedbypeers（同齡人）isanaturaltendency.Yourstyle–thewayyoudressup,thewayyoucarryyourself,thetrendsyoufollow–playsakeyroleinhelpingyourstandoutfromtheothers.___1___Thefollowingtipscanhelpyou.1.Beyourself.Whybeasecond-rateversionofanybodyelsewhenyoucanbethefirst–rateversionofyourself?Nothingwillhelpyoustandoutofthecrowdmorethanyourownfeaturesbecausetherecanbeonlyoneyou.Everyonehastheirownbelief,theirownwayofthinking,theirownexperiencesthatshapetheirstyles.However,self-doubtandfearofdisapprovaldrivemanytoabandontheirownwaysandfollowwhateveryoneelseisdoing.___2___2.Keepanopenmind.Open-mindednesshelpsyouseethingsfromadifferentperspective,understandothers,findopportunities,andlearnfromothers.___3___Thereareseveralstylesthatyoushouldexploreanddeterminewhichsuitsyourownpersonality.Nobodyknowswhatfashionyourareenthusiasticabout.Butyoushouldbeclearlyawareofyourowntruefeelingsaboutit.3.Keepupwiththerecenttrends.Fashionisalwayschanging.___4___Associetychanges,sodoesfashion.Changingtrendsreflectthechangesinpeople’staste.Similarly,yoursenseoffashionchangesasyougainmoreexperiencesinlife.Keepingtrackofthelatestfashionwillhelpyouredefineyourstyle.4.Wearyourconfidence.Yourattitudetowardsdressingcanmakeasignificantdifferencetohowyoulook.Youcanwearaverybeautifuldress,butifcan’tcarryitwithconfidence,itwillnotlookgoodonyou.___5___Don’twearanuncomfortabledressjustbecauseeveryoneoryourfriendiswearingit.Remember,it’sokaytohaveyourownstyleaslongasyouareconfidentwithit.A．Also,ittellsalotaboutyourpersonality.B．Whatworkedyesterdaymaynotworktoday.C．Copyingotherswillmakeyoujustanotherfaceinacrowd.D．Havinganopenmindcanbeveryhelpfulindefiningyourstyle.E．Ontheotherhand,evenanaveragedresslooksgreatonpeoplewhowearitconfidently.F．Itisnotabsolutelynecessarytofolloweverynewtrend,andyoucanenjoytheonesyoulike.G．Simplyfollowingthefashiontrendsorwearingexpensiveclotheswillnothelpyougetadistinctstyle【答案】1．G2．C3．D4．B5．E【文章大意】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)人可以怎樣變得出類(lèi)拔萃，與眾不同。1．根據(jù)上文“Yourstyle–thewayyoudressup,thewayyoucarryyourself,thetrendsyoufollow–playsakeyroleinhelpingyourstandoutfromtheothers.（你的風(fēng)格——你打扮的方式，你表現(xiàn)自己的方式，你追隨的潮流——在幫助你脫穎而出方面起著關(guān)鍵作用。）”可知下文可接G項(xiàng)內(nèi)容“緊跟時(shí)尚潮流或穿昂貴的衣服，并不能幫你獲得一種獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格”，連接下一句“那么以下的建議可以幫助到你?！弊龅匠猩蠁⑾碌淖饔?，故選G。2．根據(jù)上文“However,self-doubtandfearofdisapprovaldrivemanytoabandontheirownwaysandfollowwhateveryoneelseisdoing.（然而，自我懷疑和對(duì)否定的恐懼驅(qū)使許多人放棄自己的方式，跟隨別人的做法。）”結(jié)合主題“Beyourself（做自己）”可知，模仿別人只會(huì)讓你在人群中變成另一張臉，C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容切題，故選C。3．根據(jù)上文“Open-mindednesshelpsyouseethingsfromadifferentperspective,understandothers,findopportunities,andlearnfromothers.（開(kāi)放的心態(tài)可以幫助你從不同的角度看問(wèn)題，理解他人，發(fā)現(xiàn)機(jī)會(huì)，并向他人學(xué)習(xí)。）”結(jié)合本段主題“Keepanopenmind.（保持思維的開(kāi)發(fā)）”可知保持開(kāi)放的心態(tài)對(duì)定義你的風(fēng)格很有幫助，D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容切題，故選D。4．根據(jù)下文“Associetychanges,sodoesfashion.Changingtrendsreflectthechangesinpeople’staste.Similarly,yoursenseoffashionchangesasyougainmoreexperiencesinlife.（社會(huì)在變，時(shí)尚也在變。變化的趨勢(shì)反映了人們品味的變化。同樣的，你的時(shí)尚感也會(huì)隨著你生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)的增加而改變。）”可推出昨天起作用的今天可能行不通，B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容切題，故選B。5.根據(jù)上文“Youcanwearaverybeautifuldress,butifcan’tcarryitwithconfidence,itwillnotlookgoodonyou.（你可以穿一件非常漂亮的裙子，但是如果你不能自信地穿著它，它就不會(huì)在你身上好看。）”可知本段強(qiáng)調(diào)了如果沒(méi)有自信，即使華美的服飾也不一定能讓你與眾不同，由此可以推出另一方面，即使是一件普通的連衣裙，自信的人穿上也會(huì)氣場(chǎng)十足，故選E。MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandswhichbecamehissecond1.Helearnedthevalueandbeautyof2therefromaveryyoungage.Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomething3happeningaroundhishome.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthe4itcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.5,thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.He6thatitwasbecausethereweren’tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromthe7.Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek8duringthedaytime.Heturnedtothe9departmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.However,Molaiwentlookingonhisownand10anearbyislandwherehebegantoplanttrees.11youngplantsinthedryseasonwas12foraloneboy.Molaibuiltatthe13ofeachsapling(幼樹(shù))abambooplatform,whereheplacedearthenpotswithsmallholesto14rainwater.Thewaterwouldthendrip(滴落)ontheplantsbelow.Molai15toplanttreesforthenext37years.Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.1.A.dreamВ.jobC.homeD.choice2.A.natureВ.youthC.cultureD.knowledge3.A.preciousB.interestingC.disturbingD.awkward4.A.wasteВ.tensionC.painD.damage5.A.BesidesВ.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise6.A.agreedВ.realizedC.rememberedD.predicted7.A.noiseB.heatC.diseaseD.dust8.A.directionsB.partnersC.helpD.shelter9.A.laborВ.policeC.forestD.finance10.A.rebuiltB.discoveredC.leftD.managed11.A.DecoratingB.ObservingC.WateringD.Guarding12.A.toughB.illegalC.fantasticD.beneficial13.A.backB.topC.footD.side14.A.cooldownB.keepoffC.purifyD.collect15.A.returnedB.learnedC.failedD.continued【答案】1-5.CACDA6-10.BBDCB11-15.CABDD【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。Molai在印度的一個(gè)小村莊長(zhǎng)大。16歲的時(shí)候，一場(chǎng)洪水導(dǎo)致他的家園遭受巨大損失。樹(shù)木的缺乏導(dǎo)致這些動(dòng)物失去了遮蔽物，很多鳥(niǎo)兒離開(kāi)，蛇類(lèi)數(shù)量減少。Molai決定改變這一切，他經(jīng)過(guò)努力，在附近找到了一個(gè)小島，開(kāi)始種樹(shù)。在30多年的時(shí)間里，他的努力使1360英畝的天然土地成為許多動(dòng)植物的家園。1．C考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:這個(gè)村莊位于一些濕地附近，那里成了他的第二個(gè)家。A.dream夢(mèng)想；B.job工作；C.home家；D.choice選擇。根據(jù)空前的second可知，他出生的村莊是他的家，村莊附近的一些“濕地”成為了他的第二個(gè)“家”。故選C。2．A考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他從小就在那里了解到了大自然的價(jià)值和美麗。A.nature自然；B.youth青春，年輕；C.culture文化；D.knowledge知識(shí)。濕地展現(xiàn)了“大自然”的價(jià)值和美。故選A。3．C考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:16歲時(shí)，Molai開(kāi)始注意到他的家周?chē)l(fā)生了一些令人不安的事情。A.precious寶貴的；B.interesting有趣的；C.disturbing令人不安的，引起煩惱的；D.awkward尷尬的，笨拙的。該段后半部分提到:洪水侵襲，很多鳥(niǎo)兒離開(kāi)，蛇的數(shù)量減少。這些情況都不正常，令人不安。故選C。4．D考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:那年早些時(shí)候，一場(chǎng)洪水襲擊了這個(gè)地區(qū)，洪水造成的損害趕走了很多鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)。A.waste廢物；B.tension緊張；C.pain疼痛，痛苦；D.damage損害，傷害。洪水侵襲這個(gè)地區(qū)，它會(huì)“損害”莊稼、樹(shù)木，這些都會(huì)導(dǎo)致鳥(niǎo)兒們離開(kāi)。故選D。5．A考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:此外，蛇的數(shù)量也減少了。A.Besides此外，另外；B.However但是；C.Therefore因此；D.Otherwise否則。根據(jù)aswell可知，洪水不僅導(dǎo)致很多鳥(niǎo)兒離開(kāi)。而且，它還導(dǎo)致蛇的數(shù)量減少。故選A。6．B考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:他意識(shí)到這是因?yàn)闆](méi)有足夠的樹(shù)來(lái)保護(hù)它們免受炎熱的影響。A.agreed同意；B.realized意識(shí)到；C.remembered記住，記起；D.predicted預(yù)測(cè)。Molai“意識(shí)到”鳥(niǎo)兒離開(kāi)、蛇類(lèi)減少是因?yàn)闆](méi)有足夠的樹(shù)木。故選B。7．B考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他意識(shí)到這是因?yàn)闆](méi)有足夠的樹(shù)來(lái)保護(hù)它們免受炎熱的影響。A.noise噪音；B.heat熱；C.disease疾??；D.dust塵土。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，樹(shù)木可以提供陰涼，從而保護(hù)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和蛇類(lèi)免受炎熱的影響。故選B。8．D考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)然，解決的辦法是種樹(shù)，這樣動(dòng)物們就可以在白天尋找棲身之處。A.directions方向；B.partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C.help幫助；D.shelter遮蔽，庇護(hù)，遮蔽物。樹(shù)木可以給動(dòng)物們提供“遮蔽”。故選D。9．C考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他向森林部門(mén)求助，但被告知那里什么也不長(zhǎng)。A.labor勞動(dòng)；B.police警察；C.forest森林；D.finance財(cái)政，金融。根據(jù)前一句中的“Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttrees”可知，Molai想要種樹(shù)，所以他應(yīng)該向“森林”部門(mén)求助。故選C。10．B考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:然而，Molai自己去看了看，發(fā)現(xiàn)了附近的一個(gè)島嶼，他開(kāi)始在那里種樹(shù)。A.rebuilt重建；B.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.left離開(kāi)；D.managed設(shè)法做成。根據(jù)前面的”lookingonhisown”可知，他自己去看，那么接下來(lái)就應(yīng)該是他”發(fā)現(xiàn)”了一個(gè)小島。故選B。11．C考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:對(duì)一個(gè)孤獨(dú)的男孩來(lái)說(shuō)，在旱季給幼苗澆水是很困難的。A.Decorating裝飾；B.Observing觀察到；C.Watering澆水；D.Guarding守衛(wèi)。該段后半部分?jǐn)⑹龅氖荕olai想盡辦法收集水的努力。再結(jié)合該句中的“thedryseason”可知，在旱季給幼苗“澆水”很難。故選C。12．A考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:對(duì)一個(gè)孤獨(dú)的男孩來(lái)說(shuō)，在旱季給幼苗澆水是很困難的。A.tough困難的；B.illegal非法的；C.fantastic極好的；D.beneficial有益的。根據(jù)該段后半部分的敘述可知，Molai想盡辦法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，給幼苗澆水很“難”。故選A。13．B考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:Molai在每棵樹(shù)苗的頂端都搭建了一個(gè)竹子平臺(tái)，在那里他放置了帶有小洞的陶罐來(lái)收集雨水。A.back背部；B.top頂端；C.foot腳；D.side一邊，一側(cè)。根據(jù)該段最后一句“Thewaterwouldthendripontheplantsbelow”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平臺(tái)應(yīng)該在每棵樹(shù)苗的”頂端”。故選B。14．D考查動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))辨析。句意:Molai在每棵樹(shù)苗的頂端都搭建了一個(gè)竹子平臺(tái)，在那里他放置了帶有小洞的陶罐來(lái)收集雨水。A.cooldown冷卻下來(lái)；B.keepoff與……保持距離；C.purify凈化，使純凈；D.collect收集。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，陶罐是用來(lái)盛水的。由此可知，他將陶罐放到竹子平臺(tái)上“收集”雨水。故選D。15．D考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:在接下來(lái)的37年里，Molai繼續(xù)種樹(shù)。A.returned返回；B.learned學(xué)會(huì)；C.failed失敗；D.continued繼續(xù)。根據(jù)后一句可知，他的努力使1360英畝的天然土地成為許多動(dòng)植物的家園。由此推知，在接下來(lái)的37年里，他“繼續(xù)”種樹(shù)。故選D。TheShenzhou-13returncapsule,carryingthethreeChineseastronauts,ZhaiZhigang,WangYapingandYeGuangfu,_____1_____(safe)landedbackonEarthonSaturdaymorningafterarecordbreakingsix-monthmissioninspace.ChinadeclaredtheShenzhou-13mission_____2_____completesuccessafterthemedicalteamwaitingonsite_____3_____(confirm)thatallthreeastronautswereingoodhealth.Zhai,thecommanderofthemission,wasthefirst_____4_____(come)outofthecapsule,wavinghishandtothecheeringcrowdonsitewithabigsmile.Hesaidhefeltverygood.He_____5_____(follow)byWang,thefirstfemaleChineseastronautwhohadenteredChina’sspacestation.“Iwanttotellmydaughter,momreturnedafterreachingforthestars,”shesaid.Yeexitedlast_____6_____thecapsule.“Myfirstfighttospacelastedsixmonths,whichwasachallengetome.Myspacedreamcametrue,”hesaid.Duringthesix-monthjourneyinthespacestation,thecrewconfirmedkeytechnologiesfortheconstructionofthespacestation,_____7_____(involve)in-orbittranspositiono