Unit4SpaceExploration

DiscoveringUsefulStructures動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)和目的狀語(yǔ)Discussandtellthefunctionsoftodo.

1.Youmustbeintelligentenoughtoget

arelatedcollegedegree.2.Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.3.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.4.YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.5.Somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumanrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ)

定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)Presentation4.YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.5.Somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumanrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.Findthesimilaritiesofthesesentencestheinfinitive(todo)isusedas

to

modifythenoun/...

placedinfrontofittheattributive“todo”asattributive1.

Ihavenodesiretowrite..2.

TheSmithswerethefirsttoarrive..3.Therewasnothingtobedone..4.

Ihavealottosay..5.

Ihavenoideawheretogo.6.TheconferencetotakeplaceinShanghainextweekisofgreatimportance.句子成分用法不定式在句中作___________1.可修飾：2.多置于被修飾詞___________3.多表示_____________的動(dòng)作。定語(yǔ)名詞或者代詞之后作后置定語(yǔ)未來(lái)的1.Pleasemakeanefforttocatchthebus.2.Hemadea

promisetocomehereontimetomorrow.3.Ihavenodesire

towrite.4.thankstoyourencouragement,Ifinallygotthecouragetoface

thechallenge.5.Hisabilitytogetonwellwithpeopleishischiefadvantage.總結(jié)1.抽象名詞ability,aim,attempt,right,chance,opportunity,way,courage,decision,hope,wish,dream等后常用不定式作定語(yǔ)?！皌odo”asattributiveThiscanbeusefulforbusinesssuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewway_____________(attract)customers.toattract

Practice1.ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.2.Youaretheonlypersontobelateforsuchanimportantmeeting.3.Itisrecognizedthatheisthebestmantodothejob.4.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.總結(jié)2.序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)和thelast/theonly/thenext等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。“todo”asattributivePractice(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷語(yǔ)法填空改編)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountry________(land)aspacecraftonthefarsideofthe

moon.toland

1.Ihavenothing

(fear)butfearitself.2.Doyouhaveanything

(say)?3.Thereisnothing

(worry)about.總結(jié)3.something,nothing,anything等不定代詞后常用動(dòng)詞不定式。4.在therebe句型中，作主語(yǔ)的名詞后可接不定式作定語(yǔ)，不定式用主動(dòng)式或者被動(dòng)式均可。“todo”asattributivetofeartosaytoworry/tobeworried考點(diǎn)：中心詞是不定式的承受者，不定式有兩種形式。如果不定式的執(zhí)行者是句子的主語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)式todo；強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式另有一個(gè)執(zhí)行者，用被動(dòng)式tobedone。Ihavenothingtofearbutfearitself.Ihavealettertopost,soIcan’tgotoswimwithyou.Ihavealettertobeposted.Canyouhelpme?注意：不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)有必要的介詞。Heislookingforaroomtolive_______.他正在找房間住。Ihavenothingreallytocomplain________.我真的沒什么好抱怨的。inabout主動(dòng)/被動(dòng)？1.Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththework.2.Thecompetitiontobeheldnextyearwillsurelyattractmanyinternationaltourists.3.Tomhasalargefamilytosupport.主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式

todotobedonetodo不定式(短語(yǔ))做定語(yǔ)的形式1.Theairport________________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.2.Themeeting____________(hold)tomorrowisveryimportant.tobecompletedPracticetobeheld主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)意義一般式todotobedone與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

.進(jìn)行式與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

.完成式(一般不用于定語(yǔ)）動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作

.之后同時(shí)發(fā)生之前tobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonetodo不定式(短語(yǔ))做定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)的形式Tomdetermined

(go)abroadforfurtherstudy.Generallyspeaking,noonelikes

(make)funof.Hepretended

(read)whentheteachercamein.I’msorry

(cause)yousomuchtroublelasttime.Thecarseems

(wash)already.togotobemadetobereadingtohavecausedtohavebeenwashedPractice“todo”asadverbial1.Youmustbeintelligentenoughtoget

arelatedcollegedegree.2.Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.3.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.theinfinitive(todo)isusedas

to

showtheresult,purposeandreasontheadverbial

1.Tolearnalanguagewell,youmustmakeefforts.2.Heranfastallthewaysoastocatchthefirstbus.3.Inordertopasstheexam,heworkedhardtillmidnight.句子成分用法不定式在句中作______________1.位置：________________2.常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：目的狀語(yǔ)可位于句首或者句末inorderto和

soasto,但soasto不可位于句首“todo”asadverbial1._____________uspreparefortheexam,theteachersuggestedreadingthroughoutnotes.(天津高考)A.TohelpB.HelpedC.HelpingD.Beinghelped2.Mary’ssister,Jessie,oftencameover__________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.（2021浙江語(yǔ)法填空改編）AtoplantPracticeSheis

thefirstplace.她很自豪得了第一名。2.Heis

tothemeeting.

他因被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)會(huì)議感到開心?！皌odo”asadverbialgladtobeinvitedproudtowin句子成分用法不定式在句中作______________常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：原因狀語(yǔ)常用于表情緒或心理活動(dòng)的形容詞之后(anxious,glad,excited,disappointed,lucky,proud,sorry,shocked,worried…)1.Yesterday,Iwenttoseeheronly

tolearnthatshehadgoneabroadaweekbefore.2.Thetravelerlookedupsuddenly

tofindaleopardinthetree.3.Helefthishometownwhenshewasten,nevertoreturn.“todo”asadverbial句子成分用法不定式在句中作______________意義：常表示

結(jié)果常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)出乎意料enoughtodo…,so…astodo…,such…astodo..,onlytodo…,too…to…1.全家人去了海邊度假。Thewholefamilywenttotheseaside________________________.2.他起來(lái)之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)所有人都走了。Hewokeup,only______________________________.3.聽到那個(gè)不幸的消息，我們都很震驚。Allofuswereshocked__________________________.目的狀語(yǔ)tospendtheirholidaytofindeverybodygonetohearthesadnews結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)“todo”asadverbial狀語(yǔ)難點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)一:todosth&doing&done作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別_____________（give）moretime,he’llfinish

thetaskontime.___________（give）himmoretime,Ifounditpossibleforhimtofinishthetaskontime.

_____________（give）himmoretime,Ihadtoapplytothebossforit.GivenGivingTogive當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用doing當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用done當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的目的時(shí)用todo

難點(diǎn)二:tobedone&beingdone&done作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別Thehouse_________(build)nowwillbefinishedsoon.Theschool________(build)nextmonthwillbeournewschool.Themuseum_________(build)lastyearisverypopular.tobebuiltbeingbuiltbuilt當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)、將來(lái)用tobedone當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行時(shí)用beingdone當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)、完成時(shí)用done

【語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用】單項(xiàng)選擇。1)

Itremains_____whetherJimwillbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.

A.seen

B.tobeseen

C.seeing

D.tosee2)

_____theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.

A.Completing

B.Complete

C.Completed

D.Tocomplete3)

Ifthere’salotofwork_____,I’mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.

A.todo

B.tobedoing

C.done

D.doingPartIVPracticeRevision1.Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether_________(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.(2023新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)tobeliftedtobite

2.Nanxiangaside,thebestxiaolongbaohaveafineskin,

allowingthem___________(lift)outofthesteamerbasket

withouttearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.

(2023新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)3.Shecalledforaction____________(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworldfacing“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater”.(2023北京卷)4.Mary’ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover____________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.

(2021浙江6月卷)toplant

5.Thefindingsshowacriticalneed_____________(invest)

indisasterprevention.(2021北京卷)toinvesttoaddressRewritethesentencesusinginfinitivesor“inorderto/soasto+do”.Changetheitalicizedpartsaccordingly.1.In2003YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersonwhogotmarriedinspace.

In2003YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersontogetmarriedinspace.2.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersoastorecycle

itforlateruse.n.缺乏；短缺vt.沒有；缺乏3.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavedreamtthatonedaytheywouldflyintospace.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavethedreamtoflyintospaceoneday.4.Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,whichwillhelpthemstayhealthy.n.肌肉；實(shí)力；影響力Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeverydayto/inorderto/soastostayhealthy.5.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoff

otherwise.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspaceto/inorderto/soastokeepeverythingfromfloatingoff.6.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlysothattheycankeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlyto/inorderto/soastokeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.adv.否則；要不然Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoal

_________(achieve).Oneoftheproblemsisthatthetripwouldtakeaverylongtime.Forexample,_________

(use)currenttechnology,itwouldtakeovertwoyears_________(get)totheclosestplanet,Mars,andback.Althoughlightisthefastestthing_________(know)intheuniverse,itcouldtakemorethanfouryearstoreachtheneareststarsystem.toachieveusingtogetknownWillscientistsfigureoutaway_________(store)sufficientfoodandwaterforthelongjourney?Isitpossibletotravelfasterthanlight?Nooneknowstheanswersyet.However,spacescientistsnevergiveup.Theyareexperimentingwithgrowingcropsinspacesoas_________(help)

astronautsgetenoughfoodonlongerjourneysthroughspace.tostoretohelptodotodoattribute定語(yǔ)多修飾名詞常作后置定語(yǔ)普通名詞常被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)修飾抽象名詞常有：dream,desire,chance,hope,promise,idea,fact,way...Therebe

句型中adverbial狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ):

todo,inorderto

(可句