2022年高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí)講與練（通用版）24

從內(nèi)在邏輯突破七選五閱讀

內(nèi)

在單數(shù)：it/this/that/one

邏

輯復(fù)數(shù)：they/those/ones

并列、遞進、轉(zhuǎn)折、對比

因果、條件、例證

解答閱讀七選五的內(nèi)在線索主要是指詞匯線索和邏輯線索，而詞匯線索主要包括詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)和代詞指代

兩種情況。

1.詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法

詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)指相同詞匯的重復(fù)使用、同義詞和近義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)或同一范疇詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)。英語的線性思維表現(xiàn)

為第一句話的賓語往往是第二句的主語，或者前后句有相同或重疊的詞語。這種前后句語義的銜接常以句

子中關(guān)鍵詞（組X常為名詞、動詞、形容詞）的同義詞（組）、近義詞（組）或反義詞（組）復(fù)現(xiàn)的方式來實現(xiàn)。解題

時可以利用這些詞（組）作為解題線索。

【典例示例】（2018?全國卷II片段）

?Yourproductivityisimproved.Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadof

youfortheday._37_

?Yourmetabolism（新陳代謝）getsaheadstart_38_Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbe

gettingthecalorie（卡路里）burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.

AYouwillsticktoyourdiet.

B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.

C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.

D.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.

E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4—10hoursafterexercise.

F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.

GIfyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup!

【分析】37題本段的主旨是“晨練能提高你的效率”。E項“鍛煉之后的4—10小時內(nèi)，你都能讓自己頭腦

清醒”進一步說明了鍛煉的好處，符合此處的語境。E項中的exercise是上句中Exercising的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。

38題這一段說的是晨練有助于人體的新陳代謝，能讓你一整天都感受到晨練消耗卡路里帶來的好處。

F項中的關(guān)鍵詞“throughouttheday”與文中的"thewholeday”呼應(yīng)。故選F。

2.代詞指代法

英語表達中，代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高。代詞主要是為避免重復(fù)，用于指代前面提到的人或物，有時也用

于指代前面提到的名詞或概念。代詞指代一定要注意兩種情況，一是選項中的代詞要特別關(guān)注，二是挖空

后面的句子中的代詞要特別關(guān)注。巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系可以有效地幫助我們做出正確的選擇。

【典例示例】（2020.全國卷III片段）

38Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn'talotoffoodserved.Thereareusuallyno

plannedactivitieslikegamesatahousewarmingparty.Thehostorhostessofthepartywill,however,probablygive

alltheguestsatouroftheirnewhome.Sometimes,becauseahousewarmingpartyhappensshortlyafteraperson

movesintotheirnewhome,peoplemaybeaskedtohelpunpackboxes.39.Thigjsn'[psua]Jhouqh.

B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.

C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.

D.Ifyou'reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts，keeptheminasafeplace.

【分析】空格后的this是關(guān)鍵信息詞。根據(jù)空后一句"Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthere

isn,talotoffoodserved”可知，在喬遷聚會時供應(yīng)的食物不多，由此可判斷出this是指帶食物去參加聚會，

你也可以帶食物或飲料與其他客人分享符合語境。

3.邏輯關(guān)系法

文章由段落組成，圍繞中心話題展開。各段、句之間形成一定的語義邏輯關(guān)系，有總分、解釋、例證、

并列、遞進、轉(zhuǎn)折、對比、因果等關(guān)系。七選五解題攻略之一就是要理清這些關(guān)系，并據(jù)此選出正確答案。

（1）總分關(guān)系

文章由段落組成，圍繞中心話題展開?！翱偡纸Y(jié)構(gòu)法”中的“總”是指文章內(nèi)容的總體概括，出現(xiàn)在文章的

首和尾；“分”是指文章內(nèi)容的具體展開，它實際上是文章的主體部分。一篇文章在總體布局上，可以先總

后分，也可以先分后總，還可以先總后分再總，它們通常都稱作“總分結(jié)構(gòu)法”。

【典例示例】（2018?全國卷I片段）

Butgoodnewsisthatthere5rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome：the

smallones,themediumones，andthelargeones.

38.They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisual

interesttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolor

choicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.

Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas，dinnertablesor

bookshelves.39.Color_choices_inthis,rangeare_astepupfromthesmallonesintwomaj

orways.Theyrequireabiggermitmentthansmallerones，andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingof

aspace.

Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls，ceilings，andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaper

orpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresienificant.40.SQ_itpay"氏一

becausjyoqpan]gRe]jtrightJhjfirs[

A.Whileallofthemareuseful

B.Whateveryou'relookingfor

C.Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolor

D.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwith

E.Ifsnotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpieces

【分析】文中出現(xiàn)了"thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones”,后面又提到了“smallcolor

choices”,由此可知空處所在段主要在講"thesmallones”。故選D。

（2）轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

若空格前后兩句之間是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，則空格處很有可能表示轉(zhuǎn)折。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞有：but,

however,yet,while/though/although,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless（然而），still,in

contrast/parison,byparison等。

【典例示例】（2019?全國卷I片段）

40Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.Tomakesureyou

getenoughVitaminD-butstillprotectyourskin-putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.lttakessunscreen

aboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthafsplentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthofMtaminD.

AFreshaircleansourlungs.

B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?

C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.

D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.

【分析】空格后一句說，雖然陽光會使我們的皮膚衰老并受到傷害，但陽光也能帶來有益的維生素D,

這應(yīng)該與上一句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故空格處應(yīng)填呼吸新鮮空氣附帶的好處，因此D項“呼吸新鮮空氣的另一

個附帶好處是陽光”符合語境，D項中的sunlight與空格后的thesun'srays相呼應(yīng)。故選D。

（3）例證關(guān)系

前后的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式具有多樣性，思維過程基本是歸納（從例子到觀

點）和推理（從觀點到例子）。常見的表示例證關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞有：forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatterof

fact,actually，inotherwords/thatistosay等。

【典例示例】（2020.山東高考模擬卷）

Nevermindthatmosttravelersnowadayshavesmartphoneswithbuilt-inalarmclocks._17_Hereare

someexamples.AttheWolcottHotel,ifawake-upcallisunanswered,theywillsendanemployeetoyourdoorAt

LasVentanasalParaiso,anemployeeshowsupatyourroomtowakeyouupwithtea,coffeeandbreakfast

bread.AttheMandarinOriental,apersonratherthananautomatedsystemwillcalltowakeyouup.

E.Thehotelgets15to30requestsforwake-upcallseachday.

F.Thehumanwake-upcallisawaytopersonalizeaguesfsstay.

GSomeguestssleepthroughthecall,whileothersturntheirphoneringersoff.

【分析】由17空之后的“Herearesomeexamples...”可知前后是例證關(guān)系。根據(jù)后面舉的例子可知應(yīng)該選

擇F項“Thehumanwake—upcallisawaytopersonalizeaguesfsstay.”

（4）解釋關(guān)系

從邏輯意義上來看，句子與句子之間常常是解釋關(guān)系，往往作者提出觀點，緊接著對這個觀點進行解

釋說明。因此，把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，理清作者所表達的觀點至關(guān)重要。

【典例示例】（2018?全國卷II片段）

32Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedinthe

evening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.

A.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.

B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.

C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.

【分析】此處缺少一個主題句?？蘸缶渥咏忉屃嗽缙疱憻挼娜吮韧砩襄憻挼娜怂酶谩Ｋx答案應(yīng)是

對后面內(nèi)容的總述。故選B。

（5）對比關(guān)系

若空格前后兩句之間是邏輯上的對比比較，則空格處很有可能表示對比關(guān)系。表示對比關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞

有：while,ifnot,some…others等。

【典例示例】(2017.全國卷III片段)

Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou'vetrieda

newmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord._20_Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.

E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking，keepitup.

F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.

GReconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.

【分析】考查前后句的連貫。本段談到對自己所做的計劃要記錄、評價和調(diào)整。本空后的“Ifnot”說明前

面是討論計劃有效就應(yīng)該堅持，因此選E。

(6)因果關(guān)系

表示因果關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞有：so,therefore,thus,consequently(結(jié)果)，asaresult(of),so/such...that...,so

that…等。

【典例示例】(2020.新高考卷I片段)

Eventhemostsuccessfulpublicspeakerwillmakemistakes.Yet,theonlyonewhocaresaboutanymistakeisthe

onewhoisspeaking.People^attentionwandersconstantly.Infactmostpeopleonlyabsorbabout20percentofa

speaker'smessage.So,don'tstopspeakingwhenyoumakeamistakeunlessifsatrulyseriousone.18

A.Dotheopposite.

B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.

C.Ybudon'tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.

【分析】根據(jù)上文中的“So,don'tstopspeakingwhenyoumakeamistakeunlessit'satrulyseriousone.”可矢口，

當(dāng)你犯錯時不要停止演講，除非是非常嚴(yán)重的錯誤。據(jù)此可以推知，空處承接上文，說明犯小錯誤無需道

歉，故C項正確。

(7)并列關(guān)系

表示并列關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞有：similarly,and,first(ly),second(ly),first,then/next,finally/last,tobeginwith,

foronething，foranotherthing等。

【典例示例】(2020.新高考卷I片段)

Yburgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker.—Andlikeeverythingelseinlife，thattakes

practice.Remember,evenworldchampionathletespracticetheirskillsonaconsistentbasis.

B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.

C.Youdon'tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.

D.Whenitestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.

【分析】根據(jù)上文中的“Yburgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker.“可知，你的目標(biāo)不是成為一個完美的

演說家。據(jù)此可知，空處與此對應(yīng)，說明自己的目標(biāo)是要成為高效的演說家，故選B項。

【高頻考點強化】

1

“Plasticfriendlysentimentsnisalsoknownas"plasticfriendship^^.Thistermoriginatedfromtwovideosof

theinterviewonMarch,2017oftheSingapore*sBY2bandformedbyMikoandYimi.Astwinsisters,twoofthem

makejokesandbitterlyattackeachother.1.

Plasticflower,thoughitlooksbeautifulandneverdriesupnordies,andsometimescanalmostlookreal,is

afterallartificial.2.“Plasticfriendlysentimentsnisparativelymonamonggirls.Thereare“plasticsisters,“plastic

bosomfriends9,,etc.Theymaylookverycloseandthickwitheachother.However,theymaytalkonewayand

thinkanotherorsaywhattheydonotthink.Andtheydothatsometimesjusttosaveface,andsometimesjustfor

theirowninterest.Theyappeartokeeppacewitheachother.3.Theymayfalloutoreventurnaggressiveallofa

sudden.Thereisamonsaying:"Threefemalesareenoughtoputupadrama."Somegirlsseemtotellliesinsocial

interaction.Theydealwitheachotherpolitelybutwithoutsincerity.

4.Onthesurfaceboysconvincetheotherpartythattheywillevenrisktheirownlivesfortheirfriends.Butin

facttheymaygivefriendsastab（刺）frombehindinstead.Suchaffectionmaylookgood,butitisawasteofone*s

energydealingwithsuchafriend.

5.Forexample,someonemightjokethatbetweenhimandmeexistsonly“plasticfriendlysentiments”,to

showrathertheclosenessofeachother.

A.Ithasnofragrance,letalonesoul.

B.Theylastlongerthangenuineflowers.

C.Buttheirrealaffectionmayhaveturnedsour.

D.”Plasticfriendlysentiments9,isalsousedtorefertoboys.

E.Manypeoplenowusethetermtoshowthenatureoftheirfriendship.

F.Thus,netizenscalltheirfriendship"plasticaffectionbetweensisters.9,

GHowever,"plasticfriendlysentimentsissometimesusedasakindofjoke.

2

Ifsbeenhappeninglately.Igooutonahikeortrailrunning（越野跑），andbeforeIevenseeahikeringinthe

otherdirection,Ihearhim/her.No,notaloudconversation,butthetinybutannoyingsoundofsomeone'sphone

playingmusic.Maybethehikerfeelslonelywithoutadeviceplayingsound,ormaybehe/sheisjustunfortable

listeningtothesoundsofnature.6.Mypointisthatifsrudetoeveryoneelsewho'sinthewoodswithyouthatday,

whomightbeouttheretoenjoythequiettimeawayfromtheworld.7r_However,manyofusaretheretoget

awayfromexactlywhatyou'reforcingustolistento-theparticularsoundsofyourhumanity（人'性）.

Don'tgetmewrong;actuallyIlovemusic.IevenoccasionallylistentoitwhenIrun.ButIdon'tplayitout

loud.￡Inthatway,IcanenjoywhateverIamlisteningtowithoutcausingdisturbancetosomeoneelse.

Tobehonest,thatsomeonedoesn'tsayanythingwhenyouhikewithspeakersdoesn'tmeanthatit'snot

ruiningtheiroutdoortime.Timeoutinnaturecanbeabreakfromournoisycities——butit'snottrueifothers

areplayingmusicoutloud.Sothebetterexperienceforusisnomusicatallsothatwecantakeinthesoundsof

nature.

10.Butpartofbeingoutsideisrespectingtheenvironmentyou5reinandthepeopleyou'resharingitwith.If

youwanttorunalongtoasoundtrack,pleasedo.Butremembertoputyourheadphoneson.

A.Instead,Ilistenonmyheadphones.

B.Eachofusenjoysnatureinourownway.

C.Inotherwords,it'slouderthanyouthink.

D.Fmnotsure,andhonestly,Idon'treallycare.

E.Ioftenavoidplayingmusicwhilehikingoutside.

F.Maybeitisnotwhyyouareoutonthetrailsthatday.

GYbushouldrememberthatnoisymusicisdisturbance,too.

3

Lotsofpeopleavoidbooks.Theyreademails,websitesandpapersforwork,butnotbooks.Theyarebusy,but

eveniftheyhavetime,theywouldratherrelaxontheirputersorinfrontoftheTVILHowever,Ithinkthereare

lotsofbenefitstoreading,whichscreenbasedactivitiesdon'thave._

12.Lookingatscreenscanbeverystressfulforyoureyemuscles,andclearlyyoushouldavoidlookingat

screensforanhourbeforebed,togetagoodnighfssleep.

13.Ioftenforgetthetimeorthingsaroundme!Readingisagreatwaytowitchoffbeforeyougotobed,

becauseyouthinkmoreabouttheworldofthebook,ratherthantherealworld,soyoucantrulyrelax.Iknowyou

canbetransportedtoadifferentworldinafilmoraTVshow,butIthinkbooksdoitbetter.

Ialsoenjoyhearingwhatpeoplearedoingandfindingoutwhattheythink.Readinggivesmethechanceto

gettoknowhundredsofnewpeople!Italsoteachesyoutoseethingsfromotherpeople'spointofview,and

understandotherpeople'sdecisionsoropinions.Withabook,youcanheareverythingacharacteristhinkingor

feeling.14.Somychallengeforyouisthis:toreadabookfor15minuteseverysingledayforamonth.Take15

minuteswhenyouarewakingup,goingtobed,eatinglunch,orhavingacoffee.Ifyoureadalot,whynottry15

minutesofanEnglishbook?15.Goodluck,andhappyreading!

A.Ifsbetterforyoureyes.

B.Readingrelievesyourstress.

C.Youreallycanbeinsidesomeoneelse'shead!

D.Everyoneisdifferentandhastheirowninterests.

E.Ybuhaveabetterunderstandingofthewholeworld.

F.Ifyoumakeit,whynotpassthechallengeontosomeoneelse?

GOnethingIpersonallylovereading,isbeingtransportedtoanotherworld.

4

Diningaloneisbeingmoremon,andthere9sabsolutelynothingtobeembarrassedaboutifyouwanttotake

yourselfoutforanicemeal!Eatingamealonyourownsimplyshowsthatyou9refbrtablewithyourselfand

confidentthatyou'llenjoyyourownpany.16.Hopefully,you'llbepleasantlysurprisedbytheexperience.

Sitonthepatiowhentheweatherisnicetoenjoythefreshair.Beingaloneonthepatioisalsoawaytofeel

lessconspicuousifyou'realittlenervousdiningalone.Justthinkofhowmanytimesyou'vepassedacafeandseen

asolodinerreadingtheirbookandenjoyingalunchtimebreak!17.Eatslowlyandrelishtheflavorsofyourmeal.

Ybumightwanttoeatasquicklyaspossiblesoyoucanleave,especiallyifyou'refeelingselfconsciousabout

eatingalone.18.Cheweachbitethoroughlyandthinkabouttheflavorprofiles.Putyourutensilsdownfromtime

totimeandlookaroundorenjoyasipofyourdrink.

Takeadeepbreathifyoustarttofeelselfconscious.19.Ybumightfeellikeotherpeoplearelookingatyou

orjudgingyou,buttrytorememberthatchancesare,they9retoobusythinkingaboutthemselves.Whennegative

feelingsstarttorise,pause,takeabreath,andfocusonyourmeal.

20.Steppingawayfromphonecalls,texts,emails,andsocialmediamightbejustthethingyouneedto

unwindfromabusyday.Doingawaywithyourphonewillhelpyoubemorepresent,enjoyyourself,and

appreciateyourmeal.

A.Putyourcellphoneaway.

B.Tasteitinanactiveway.

C.Giveitatryandseehowitfeels.

D.Ifsmuchmoremonthanyouthink.

E.Trytoslowdownandfocusonyourfood.

F.Eatingallbyyourselfmaymeanloneliness.

GEatingalonecansparkfeelingsofinsecurityandanxiety.

5

Likealotoffolks,Istartedworkingoutalotduringthepandemic.ButasInoticedmybodymoreoften,I

thoughtthebodyIwasseeinginthemirrorwasn'tchangingenough.21..Wetalkedtoexpertsfortipsonhowto

keepfortablewithyourbody.Here'swhattheyhadtosay.

22.Insteadoffocusingonaesthetic（美學(xué)的）changes,considerhowexercisingcanimproveyourqualityoflife.

Studyafterstudyshowsexerciseisgoodforyourphysicalhealth,aswellasyourmentalhealth.Exercisecanhelp

loweryourriskofheartdisease.23..Howell,theheadoffitnessatReebok,saystheprocessofgettingintoshape

isn'tjustaphysicaljourneybutamentalandemotionaloneaswell.

Trynottopareyourselforyourprogresstoothers

“parisonisthethiefofjoy,“saysHowell."Focusonyou.Focusonyourjourney."24..Ifyoufindyourself

constantlyparingyourbodytootherbodies,rememberthatwe*reallbuiltdifferently.t4Wealldodifferentthingsfor

aliving,Idon'thaveanykids...Youmighthavefourorfivekidsathome.Therearesomanyvariables,9,says

Howell.

Figureoutawaytomoveyourbodyinaneasyway

25..TakeadvantageofthoseofferstofeelouttheatmosphereofeachspotIfacertainclassorstudiofeels

aimedatagoalthat'snotarightfitforyou,headovertothenextone.Iftheideaofexerciseforexercise'ssake

doesn'tworkforyou,considermorerecreationalactivities,likehikingorrockclimbing.

ARemembertosetarealisticgoal

B.Gymsandstudiosoftenprovidefreetrials

C.Examineyourmotivationsforgettinginshape

D.Itturnsoutalotofpeoplewerefeelingsimilarly

E.Doingsportsmaynotbethathardifyoujoinaclub

F.Someexerciseshavebeenproventoreduceanxietyanddepression

Git'shardtonotgetcaughtupinparingyourselftoothersinthisage

6

Manypeoplehavetakenaggressivestepstolimittheirsocialinteractioninordertoslowthespreadof

COVID19.Asaresultofsocialdistancing,manyproblemshavearisen.Herearesometipsonhowtodealwith

unfortablesituations.

26.Beforepletelycallingoffanevent,youmayconsiderdownsizingitabitfollowingtheguidelines.Infact,

thesmallerthepartyis,themoreofanopportunitythereistopersonalizetheevent.However,ifyouhavetocancel

theevent,reachallofyourguestsandinformthemthattheeventhasbeencanceled.27.Howtodeclineinvitations.

Ifyou'reinvitedtoaneventbutyoudon'tfeelfortableleavinghome,declineasyoutypicallywould28.Ybudon't

havetogointotoomuchdetailsincepeoplewouldnormallyunderstandandrespectyourchoicesataspecialtime

likethis.However,ifit'sabirthdaypartyoranotherkindofcelebration,itwouldbegoodtostillsendagift.An

egiftcardcanbeagoodoption.29.Tomakeitseemlessimpersonal,youcanincludeamessagetosendyourbest

wishes.

Howtosocializeonline.30.Forexample,youmaysetuparegulartimetocontactyourfamilymembersover

webcam（網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像頭），andsetupphonedatesasanalternativetoinpersondates.It'salsoagoodideatoplaya

videogamewithyourlovedonesonline,orwatchthesamemovieandreportbacktoeachother.

A.Howtocancelevents.

B.Keepithonestandbrief.

C.Itarrivesinstantlyandeliminatestheneedtogotoastore.

D.Herearesometipsonhowtoturndowninvitationspolitely.

E.Explainthatyouaretryingtoputtheirhealthandsafetyfirst.

F.Itisimportanttovalueothers*emotionsgiventhedifficultsituations.

GUsethetechnologiesyouhaveatyourfingertipstodeepenrelationships.

7

Weallknowaboutthehealthbenefitsofswimming,includingbuildingendurance,musclestrengthand

cardiovascular。白血管的）fitness.31.Manypeoplefeelthatswimmingisveryexcitingandrelaxing.

Coldwaterswimmingsometimescalledwildswimminginvolvesswimminginnaturalareasincludingponds,

riversandthesea.Jumpingincoldwatergivesashortsharpshocktothebody.32.Acolddipmightwakeyouup,

butresearchhasfounditcanhavemuchbiggerbenefitsthanthoseforyourbodyandmind.Aswellasbeinggood

exercisecoldwaterswimmingimproveswellbeing.

33.Onemanwhosufferedconstantpainaftersurgeryclaimedhewascuredbytakingaswimincoldopen

water.Andanotherswimmer,SandriaSimons,toldtheBBC"theimmersionofyourbodyincold,saltwater,just

feelinglikeyou'reatonewithnatureifyoulike,justfeelsamazing9,.

Whatisitthatpeoplearegainingfromthiscoldexperience?Doctorssaygettingintocoldwatermakesastress

response,butthemoreyoudoit,yourreactiontostressisreduced.34.Inaddition,coldwaterswimmingcan

exerciseswimmers9willpower.Buttherearebiggerbenefitsofthisexercise.Someexpertsbelievecoldwater

swimminghelps“crossadaptation'',whereoneformofstresspreparesthebodyforanother.35.So,ifyou're

convincedthatthisisforyou,takeadvice：approachitwithcaution,swimwithafriend,andmaybestartinthe

summer,whenthewatertemperaturesarehigher.

AColdwaterswimmingcansubstitutemedicin已

B.However,manyparticipantssaytheygetusedtoit.

C.Ifyoudon'tmindgettingwet,itcanbefuntoo.

D.Ifsalsothoughttostrengthenourdigestivefunction.

E.Weallknowexercisecanextendpeople'slifespan.

F.Forexample,ithelpsreducethestressofexercisingathighaltitudes.

GColdwaterswimmingcanfunctionasadoseofmedicine.

8

AttractingChildrentoMuseums

Whenyouwereyoungdidyourparentsevertakeyoutoamuseum?Doyourememberwhatitwaslikeorifit

wasanexcitingexperienceforyou?\bryoftenparentsdothingslikegoingtomuseumswiththeiryoungchildren

becausetheythinkitissomethingtheymustdo.36..

Museumsunderstandthatitisimportanttoattractchildrenandgettheminterestedingoingfrequentlyto

museums.Theywantthemtostartgoingaschildrenandcontinuetogoasadults.37..

Thefirstthingtorememberisthatchildrenareactiveandlearnbetterbydoing,notjustbypassively

looking.38..Sosomemuseumsarebuildingseparatesectionjustforchildrenwheretheycanlearnbydoing.The

biggestmuseuminCanadahasalargeareacalledtheChildren'sDiscoveryCentre.Therechildrencantouchand

feelandsmellandplay.Theycanbuildthings,andpaint,andsolvepuzzles.Everythingisarrangedtoattractthe

interestofchildrenandtokeepthemthereforaslongaspossible.

39..Itisalwaysmterestingtoseeafathersittingonthefloorwithhischildputtingpiecesofapuzzletogether.

Itquicklybeesobviousthattheadultsarehavingjustasmuchfunastheirchildren.Andthatisexactlywhatthe

museumwantstohappenbecausetheyknowthatboththeparentsandthechildrenwillwanttoebackiftheyhave

funontheirfirstvisit.

40..Childrenfromelementaryschoolsandhighschoolsewiththeirteachersinbusestovisitthemuseumand

receiveaspecialtourofdisplaysinthemuseumthattheyknowwillinterestthechildren.Forexample,theyloveto

seethenatureexhibitsandthedinosaursandthesnakes.

A.Theyalsolearnbyplayinganddiscovering

B.Parents,too,areweletogointotheChildren'sDiscoveryCentre.

C.Ifeverythingworksright,thechildwillleavewithwonderfulmemories.

D.Butjustasoftenthechildrengetboredquicklyanddon'thaveagoodtimeatall.

E.Ifyouwerethedirectorofamuseum,whatwouldyoudotoattractmorechildren?

F.Andeverygroupgetstodosomesortofactivityratherthanjustwalkingthroughthemuseum.

GOneotherwaythemuseumtriestoattractchildrenisthroughaschoolgroupvisitprogram.

9

Happypeoplehavehabitsyoucanintroduceintoyoureverydaylife.Herearesomeofthem.Theysurround

themselveswithotherhappypeople.

Joycanspread.ResearchersoftheFraminghamHeartStudywhostudiedthespreadofhappinessover20

yearsfoundthatthosewhoaresurroundedbyhappypeoplearemorelikelytobeehappyinthefuture.41.Theytry

tobehappy.

Yes.Ifsassimpleasitsounds.42.AccordingtotwostudiesrecentlypublishedinTheJournalofPositive

Psychology,thosewhoactivelytriedtofeelhappierinthestudiesreportedthehighestlevelofpositivemoods（心

情），makingacaseforthinkingyourselfhappy.

Theyaremindfulofthegood.

43.However,happypeoplegiveattentiontotheirsmallervictories,too."Whenwetaketimetonoticethe

thingsthatgoright,itmeanswe'regettingalotoflittlerewardsthroughouttheday,“saysSusanWeinschenk,a

Ph.D.inPsychology.

Theydevotesomeoftheirtimetogiving.

Eventhoughthereareonly24hoursinaday,positivepeoplefillsomeofthattimedoinggoodforothers,

which,inreturn,doessomegoodforthedogoodersthemselves.AlongtermresearchprojectcalledAm