選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

Unit5

Adelicateworld

?主題語境：人與自然（保護(hù)地球及環(huán)境）

自主學(xué)習(xí)夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)

Part1單元詞匯...................分類自測(cè)

l.arelaxationsession放

松一段時(shí)間11.thehalfwaystage中間

2.dissolvequickly迅速溶解階段

3.soilnutrients土壤養(yǎng)分12.temperaturevariation溫度

4.ahandwrittenpostscript一段變化

手寫體附言13.helpstudentsthrive幫助學(xué)

閱讀5.thecriterionforthesurvival生生們茁壯成長(zhǎng)

詞匯存的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)14.abigappetite胃口很好

—6.waterandsoilerosion水土流15.greenvegetation綠色植物

語境去16.flyatahighaltitude在高海

識(shí)意7.acomputervirus——種電腦病拔飛行

毒17.culturalheritage文化遺產(chǎn)

8.immunitysystem免疫系統(tǒng)18.habitatdestruction棲息地破

9.collapseduetotheheavysnow壞

由于厚重的雪倒坍19.substantialdonations大量

lO.coexistwiththenature與自然的捐贈(zèng)

共存

第一組：動(dòng)詞變形第二組：名詞、形容詞變形

拓展1.comparev.比較，對(duì)比10.visualadj.視覺的fvisuallyadv.

詞匯一comparisonn.比較看得見地fvisualize使形象化；

—2.greetv.歡迎；打招呼fgreeting想象

變形機(jī)問候，招呼11.nutrientn.養(yǎng)分，營(yíng)養(yǎng)物

拼寫3.conservev.保護(hù)，保存fnutritiousadj.有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的;營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐

-^conservationn.保護(hù)fconservative富的—nutritionn.營(yíng)養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)

保守的12.draman,戲劇fdramaticadj栽

4.endangerv.危害；使遭危險(xiǎn)劇性的fdramaticallyado.顯著地

-^endangered〃力?.瀕臨滅絕的13.mysteryn.神秘的事情

-dangerH.危險(xiǎn)；危害一dangerous-^mysterious或獷神秘的

。力有危險(xiǎn)的；不安全的14apparent顯而易見的

5.departv.離開；起程fdeparture—apparentlyadu.據(jù)說;看來，似乎

n.離開15.multiple。力?.數(shù)量多的；多種多樣

6.varyu.變化；不同fvariationn.差的fmultiply0.（使）大大增加,（使）

異；變化fvarietyn.不同種類；變倍增

化fvarious〃矽?.各種各樣的16.rare〃力?.稀有的，罕見的frarely

7.existv.存在—existencen?存在〃加.罕有；很少

—existinga力?.現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)有的17.secureQ力.安全的;穩(wěn)固的

fcoexist共存，共處fsecurityH.保護(hù)措施；保證

8.explodev.突然增力口fexplosion.securelyado.安全地

n,爆炸一explosive爆炸性的18.subsequent〃力.后來的,隨后的

9.invadev.侵略；涌入一invasionfsubsequentlyado.后來,隨后

n.涌入finvader〃.侵略者Insubstantialadj.大量的,多的

-^substantially〃血.非常；基本上

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■掌握規(guī)律?詞匯拓展?

形容詞后綴-y表示天氣、環(huán)境、特點(diǎn)等。

①mist薄霧一misty有霧的②wind風(fēng)fwindy有風(fēng)的③rain雨一rainy下雨

的④fog霧ffoggy有霧的

⑤cloud云一cloudy多云的⑥dirt泥土fdirty臟的⑦h(yuǎn)and手fhandy便利的

⑧thirst口渴fthirsty口渴的⑨health健康fhealthy健康的⑩dust灰塵一dusty

布滿灰塵的

8.Wehopethatthetreehehas

1.(2024?浙江1月卷)Ifleverget

plantedthrives(thrive)wellto

trapped(trap)outsidemyhouseagain,

provideprotectiontohisfamily.

mylocaltelephoneboxwill,sadly,no

9.Thetimeslistedontheschedules

longerbeabletoconnectmewithmy

aredeparture(depart)times,not

keys.

arrivaltimes.

2.(2024?新課標(biāo)I卷)1toucheddownin

10.Whenthemarketfornutria

Viennajust30minutesbeforethe

collapsedinthelate1980s,the

departure(depart)ofthelastbusto

cat-sizedanimalsmultiplied

Prague.

(multiple)likecrazy.

3.(2024?新課標(biāo)I卷)Habitat

11.Thedramahasaninteresting

RestorationTeamvolunteersplayavital

plotandadramaticending.(drama)

roleinrestoringsensitiveresourcesand

核心12.Thiskindofflowerisrare,and

protectingendangered(endanger)

詞匯rarelydoIseeit.(rare)

speciesacrosstheridgesandvalleys.

]3.Don'tcompareyour

4.(2023?浙江1月卷)Allcampsessions

單句disadvantageswithhis

(session)arecreatedwith

應(yīng)用advantages.Comparedwithhim,

age-appropriateactivitiesthatare

youaremoreeasy-going.By

tailoredtothemultiplewaysthatkids

comparison,Ithinkmorepeople

learn.

willbewillingtomakefriendswith

5.(2023?浙江1月卷)1parkedmycar

you.(compare)

outsidethefarmandwalkedpasta

14.Somenaturalmysteriesofthe

milkinghousewhichhadapparently

ancienttimesarestillmysteriousto

(apparent)notbeenusedinmanyyears.

peopletoday.(mystery)

6.1fabuildingorotherstructure

15.HedrovesofastthatIreallyfelt

collapses(collapse),itfallsdownvery

mylifewasindanger.SoItoldhim

suddenly.

drivingfastwasdangerousandif

7.Thespeciesofbirdisdecreasing

hedidn'tslowdown,hewould

(decrease)innumberseveryyear.

endangerourlives.(danger)

Part2短語句式.....................教材精選

I.選擇合適的短語并用其正確形式填空

owe...to...,developanappetitefor,beintroducedto,orso,turnout,breakdown,

onbehalfof,participatein,dieout,coexistwith,onceandforall,preyon,

remove...from...,outofcontrol,takein,inconsequence,feedon,onandon,asubstantial

numberof,failto

1.Manytraditionallanguagesaredyingoutbecauseyoungerpeopledon'tspeakthem

anymore.

2.Theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeen

askedtocarry.

3.Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewspecies,newmonkey,newspider...,and

onandontheyappear.

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4.Thiswaspaybacktime.FveprovedonceandforallIcanbecomechampion.

5.Onbehalfofallthevillagers,I'dliketoexpressourheartfeltthankstoallofyouforyour

support.

6.Therearesomethingsinlifethatareoutofcontrol,liketheweatheroraflightthatistwo

hourslate.

7.Hewasverycareless.Inconsequence,hefailedthefinalexamlasttime.

8.Inthelongrun,technologycanhelpmakeeconomicdevelopmentcoexistwithconservation

oftheenvironment.

9.Iowemysuccesstothesupportofmyfamilyandfriendsovertheyears.

10.IfelthetreatedmeasthoughIwouldholdhimbackandprobablymakehimfailtogetan

Ainthecourse.

n.根據(jù)所給漢語和要求完成下面的句子

1.他很緊張，總是不知道自己在做什么。（what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句）

Hewasnervousandkeptlosingtrackofwhathewasdoing.

2.他也沒有料到社區(qū)會(huì)如此熱情地歡迎他。（nor置于句首引起的部分倒裝）

Norhadheexpectedsuchawarmwelcomefromthecommunity.

深度學(xué)習(xí)拓展能萬

Part1核心詞匯.....................多維練透

KItrap（教材義）加夾子，陷阱；（補(bǔ)充義）圈套；牢籠，困境v.設(shè)陷阱捕捉；使陷

入圈套；誘捕；把……困在，使陷于（尤指危險(xiǎn)之地）

巧歸納

(l)trapsbinto(doing)sth使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；使某人中計(jì)

(2)be/gettrappedin...被困在...中

(3)fallintothetrapofdoingsth

落入做某事的圈套

①Thelightaircraftthenoverturned,trapping(trap)bothmen.

②Thetravelertrapped(trap)inthelonelyislandsurvivedonthefishcaughtinthesea.

③［應(yīng)用文寫作之求助信］我讀英語時(shí)，經(jīng)常被一些不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞難住，所以您能幫我個(gè)

忙嗎？

I'moftentrappedinsomenewwordswhenreadingEnglish.Socouldyoupleasedomea

favor?

④(2023?新課標(biāo)I卷)You'llheartheseparticipants1storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworked

wellforthem,andwhattraps(trap)theyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.

0owe(教材義)0.應(yīng)該做；對(duì)……負(fù)有……的義務(wù)；(補(bǔ)充義)o.欠(錢)；欠(人情)，應(yīng)

該感激；歸因于，歸功于

巧歸納

⑴owesbsth=owesthtosb欠某人某物

(2)owe…to…把...歸功于....

(3)oweittosbthat…多虧某人...

(4)owingto因?yàn)?；由?/p>

?Bernardowedittothekindfamilythathecouldearnsomemoneytohelpsupporthispoor

family.

②［應(yīng)用文寫作之人物描寫］當(dāng)被問到他成功的秘訣時(shí)，這位偉大的科學(xué)家說他的成功和

幸福很大程度上要?dú)w功于他對(duì)祖國(guó)和家人深深的愛。

Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,thisgreatscientistsaidthatheowedmuchofhis

successandhappinesstohisdeeploveforthecountryandhisfamily.

③［中國(guó)元素］由于其豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)和多樣的景觀，中國(guó)已成為越來越受世界各地游客

歡迎的目的地。

Owingtoitsrichculturalheritageanddiverselandscapes,Chinahasbecomeanincreasingly

populardestinationfortouristsfromaroundtheworld.

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Part2經(jīng)典句式.....................寫作遷移

■句型公式：what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句

巧歸納

（l）what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在從句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語等。

（2）what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，可表示“……的事情或東西；……的樣子；所……

的地方”等。

（3）that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用。

①（2023?新課標(biāo)I卷）Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyou

specialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.

②［讀后續(xù)寫之主旨升華句］決心和堅(jiān)持是你征服恐懼和實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)所需要的。

Determinationandperseverancearewhatittakestoconqueryourfearandaccomplishyour

goal.

③（2024.浙江1月卷）幾分鐘前對(duì)她來說似乎是一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了。

Whathadseemedtobeachallengingtasktoherminutesbeforewasnowaccomplished.

④（2024?九省聯(lián)考讀后續(xù)寫）經(jīng)過昨天的事，希爾達(dá)知道她在做什么。

Afterwhathappenedyesterday，Hildaknewwhatshewasdoing.

Part3語境辨義.....................舉一反三

I.熟詞生義（寫出句中加黑詞匯的詞性及漢語意思）

1.（2023?新課標(biāo)I卷）Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細(xì)菌）？o.吸收

2.Ifyoumultiply7by15youget105.0.乘，乘以

3.Inwarmweatherthesegermsmultiplyrapidly.o.繁殖

4.（2022?新高考I卷）Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreative

sessions.".會(huì)議

5.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarket

owner,whofinallyagreedtosellMooredproduct-CanCandyo.（尤指經(jīng)過努力）獲得，取得

6.Therehasbeenamoveawayfromnuclearenergy...轉(zhuǎn)變

7.Butthecaptain'scourage,perseverance,andpowerfulwillmasteredeverymanonboard,

andwewenttoworkagain.幾意志

8.Thegovernmentisaccusedofrattingonitspromisestotheunemployed.。.背棄做某事的諾

9.Manyyearslater,IwasgoingtoEuropeononeofthefinestshipsthateverploughedthe

watersoftheAtlantic1.破浪前行

11.一詞多義（選出下列單詞在句中的正確釋義）

1.appetite

A.”.食欲，胃口B.九需求

C.九強(qiáng)烈欲望D.〃.愛好，興趣

①Hisappetiteforknowledgeseemedinsatiable.C

②Shehasagoodappetiteandenjoysthreelargemealsaday.A

③Thereisanincreasingappetitefororganicfoodinthemarket.B

2.explode

A.o.爆炸，爆裂B.o.激增

C.。.突然爆發(fā)D.o.推翻

①Thepopulationinthecityhasexplodedinthepastdecade.B

②Theprotestersexplodedinangerwhentheyheardthenews.C

③Thebombexploded,causingmassivedamagetothebuilding.A

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隨堂鞏固

I.語篇語境綜合練（語境創(chuàng)新——詞匯再練）

Inadelicateworld,balanceiscrucial.Whenspecies1populationsdecrease,it1.dramatically

（dramatic）affectstheecosystem.Forexample,thecollapseofbeecoloniesleadstofewerflowers

beingpollinated.This,inturn,hasmultipliedtheproblemsforplantsthatdependonbees.

2.Subsequently（subsequent）,humanshadtostepinwithinterventiontotryandrestore

balance.3.Conservation(conserve)effortsweremadeonbehalfofendangeredspecies.Despitegood

intentions,noteverythingwentasplanned.Therewere“incidents(incident)causedbytrapssetto

captureanimalsforresearch.Somesubsequentlyescaped,creatingasmall5.explosion(explode)in

localpopulations.

In6.comparison(compare)toothercrises,themysteryofwhysuchproblems7.apparently

(apparent)occuriscomplex.Weoweit8.tofuturegenerationstosolvetheseissues.Researchers

haveshownthat9.variation(vary)inwildlifehabitsaffectsthewholeplanet.Itslikeachain

reaction；onedeparturecanleadtoanothercollapse.

Securelyfixingtheseproblemsrequiresglobalattention.Often,asimple10.greeting(greet)

fromoneconcernedpersoncandramaticallyleadtolargerconservationefforts.Everyonesharesthe

appetitetoprotectourworld,butit'sataskthatdemandseveryoneworktogether.

n.真題難句拓展練(剖析長(zhǎng)句——精準(zhǔn)翻譯)

1.(2024-全國(guó)甲卷)1guessourdifferentchildhoodbackgroundiswhatmakesmygrandmother

suchanamazingpersontotalkto：herstoriesalwaysmakemyhistorytextbookscomealive.

［剖析］本句為主從復(fù)合句。句子的主干為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)Iguess…。后面跟賓語從句，省略

引導(dǎo)詞that。從句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，what引導(dǎo)表語從句；冒號(hào)后面是對(duì)前面的anamazingperson

起解釋說明作用。

［翻譯］我想是我們不同的童年背景讓我的祖母成為了一個(gè)交談時(shí)令人驚嘆的人:她的故

事總是讓我的歷史教科書鮮活起來。

2.(2023?全國(guó)甲卷)Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaven'tbeen

seeninacenturyormore,they'reincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.

陪I］析］本句為復(fù)合句。句子的主干為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)they're...beingsighted…。As引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀

語從句；where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾places。

［翻譯］隨著灰熊的活動(dòng)范圍擴(kuò)大到一個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來從未出現(xiàn)過的地方，它們?cè)絹碓蕉嗟?/p>

被人類看到。

3.(2022-全國(guó)甲卷)AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdeals

onshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouth

Americanmainland.

［剖析］本句為復(fù)合句。句子的主干為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)shediscovered…,其后為省略that的

賓語從句；賓語從句中g(shù)oingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego為動(dòng)詞-ing形式

短語作定語，修飾ships；最后的thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland是同位語，

解釋說明TierradelFuego。本句使用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容為地點(diǎn)狀語inChile0

［翻譯］正是在智利她發(fā)現(xiàn)她可以獲得從火地島即南美大陸的最南端開往南極洲的最后

一刻的低價(jià)船票。

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情境遷移

I.應(yīng)用文寫作增分練——大自然（保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物）

結(jié)合本單元話題，用單元詞匯、經(jīng)典句型完成下面的應(yīng)用文寫作并背誦。

［基礎(chǔ)語料］

單元endangered,criterion,coexist;owingto,dieout,inharmonywith,

詞匯respondto,onbehalfof

句經(jīng)thereisnodoubtthat句型;as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；“only+狀語”

典型倒裝句

［情境呈現(xiàn)］

假定你是李華，畢業(yè)在即，你校英文報(bào)舉辦了以“Protectingwildanimals”為主題的征文活

動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你寫一篇英文短文投稿，分享你的想法。

［思路點(diǎn)撥］

人稱以第三人稱為主

時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主

內(nèi)容要第一段引出主題（很多野生動(dòng)物瀕臨滅絕）一第二段談?wù)撜J(rèn)識(shí)和想法一結(jié)

點(diǎn)線索尾總結(jié)

［寫作輸出］

Protectingwildanimals

(l)Thereisnodoubtthatmanyendangeredwildanimalsaredyingoutowingtohuman

activities(毫無疑問,由于人類活動(dòng)，許多瀕臨滅絕的野生動(dòng)物正在滅絕；endanger,dieout,

owingto;thereisnodoubtthat句型).(2)Asisknowntous,tobekindtoanimalsistobekindto

yourself,someasuresofthefollowingshouldbetaken(正如我們所知,善待動(dòng)物就是善待自己，

所以我們應(yīng)該采取以下措施；as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句）.

Firstofall,thegovernmentshouldsetcriteriatoreduceenvironmentalpollution,andcrack

downoncriminalactivitiessuchasillegalhuntingofwildanimals.（3）Sncondly,inordertobein

harmonywithnature,wildlifereservesshouldbeestablishedandmonitored（其次,為了與自然和

諧相處，應(yīng)該建立野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)并對(duì)其進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)；inharmonywith）.Additionally,schools

shouldactivelyrespondtoandsupportthenationalcall,increasepublicityefforts,andraise

students1awarenessofwildlifeprotection.

（4）Onlybymakingcontributionstowardsprotectingwildanimalscanwecoexistwith

典里I式只有為保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物做出貢獻(xiàn)，我們才能與自然共存；coexist;"only+狀語”倒裝句）.

［變式表達(dá)］

根據(jù)提示完成句子并保持與句⑴意義一致。

Thereisnodenying^thefact）that（不可否認(rèn)）humanactionshaveledtothndeclineand

extinctionofnumerousspeciesofwildlife（造成了無數(shù)野生物種的減少和滅絕）.

II.讀后續(xù)寫微點(diǎn)練——大海里游泳遇險(xiǎn)（多種“說”法）

［基礎(chǔ)語料］

whisper低語

add補(bǔ)充說

continue繼續(xù)說

shout大喊

murmur低語

exclaim呼喊

詞匯

scream驚叫

chat閑聊

speakup大聲說

talkover討論

speakout發(fā)言

ina...voice以...的尸音

句式holding動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語；before引導(dǎo)狀語從句

第221頁

l.Weneedtotalkovertheplanbeforeweproceed.

我們需要在繼續(xù)之前討論一下計(jì)劃。

2.Hedecidedtospeakoutagainsttheinjustice.

他決定站出來反對(duì)不公正。

細(xì)節(jié)3.Sheexclaimedwithjoywhenshesawthegift.

描寫她看到禮物時(shí)高興地呼喊。

4.Theteachershoutedtobeheardoverthenoise.

老師為了蓋過噪音而大聲喊叫。

5.Shewhisperedsweetnothingsintohisear.

她在他耳邊低聲細(xì)語著甜言蜜語。

［情境呈現(xiàn)］

（2025?河南測(cè)試卷?讀后續(xù)寫）

主人公和哥哥去了一個(gè)因強(qiáng)水流而很少去的海灘一主人公在海里游泳，享受海浪一游得

太遠(yuǎn)后，主人公試圖返回海灘，但無法前進(jìn)一感到疲倦和恐慌，主人公最終呼救一……

［思路點(diǎn)撥］

文體：記敘文人稱：第三人稱時(shí)態(tài)：一般過去時(shí)為主

續(xù)寫思路：根據(jù)所給句子IbegantothinkImightdrownoutthere.可知，接下來要寫主人

公的絕望感和對(duì)可能溺水的恐懼，或者繼續(xù)描述主人公的求生掙扎和心理活動(dòng)。

［寫作輸出］

/begantothinkImightdrownout//zere.⑴Justthenastrangerswamovertome(就在這時(shí),——

個(gè)陌生人游到我跟前).(2)Withthelasthope,Igatheredallmystrengthtocryout"Help"(帶著最后

的希望，我聚集了所有的力量呼喊"救命").(3)Suddenlyahugewavehitmeanddrownedmy

5(突然一個(gè)巨浪打在我身上，淹沒了我的叫喊聲)」chokedonabigswallowofsaltywaterand

feltterrible.(4)Fortunately,myangelwasswiftlyapproachingme>holdingmetightlywithhis

strongarm(幸運(yùn)的是,我的天使迅速接近我，用他強(qiáng)壯的手臂緊緊地抱住了我；holding動(dòng)詞

-ing形式作狀語).(5)MybasicknowledgeremindedmetostayrelaxedbeforeIfellintoaworldof

darkness俄的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)提醒我要保持放松以免陷入黑暗世界喪失意識(shí):before引導(dǎo)狀語從句).

［變式表達(dá)］

用asif結(jié)構(gòu)改寫句(1),以使更加形象生動(dòng)。

Justthenastrangeremergedasifbymagic,swimmingtowardsmewithallhismight.

對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生

單元測(cè)評(píng)29Unit5Adelicateworld甬至荷記

（時(shí)間：30分鐘滿分：32.5分）

（本欄目?jī)?nèi)容在中以活頁形式分冊(cè)裝訂?。?/p>

I.閱讀理解（本題共8個(gè)小題，每小題2.5分，共20分）

A

（2024-湖南高教聯(lián)高三二模）

TheCaliforniaseaotter（海獺），oncehuntedtotheedgeofextinction,hasstagedathrilling

comebackinthelastcentury.Now,scientistshavediscoveredthattheotters1successstoryhasledto

somethingjustasremarkable:therestorationoftheirdecliningcoastalmarsh（沼澤）habitat.

ElkhornSlough,acoastalmarshwithinMontereyBay,hadbeenexperiencingsevere

damage.Therootcausewasagrowingpopulationofshorecrabs,whichfedheavilyonthemarsh

plants,weakeningthestructuralintegrityofthehabitat.Coastalmarsheslikethesearenotonly

naturaldefensesagainststormwavesbutalsoserveasimportantcarbonstorageareasand

water-cleaningsystems.

Theconservation-drivencomebackoftheseaotterhasbeencrucial.Californi^scoastlines

wereoncealivewithseaotters.Sadly,theywerenearlywipedoutatthehandsoffurtraders.Inthe

1980s,conservationeffortsaidedtheseottersinreoccupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange.Now,

ElkhornSloughhasthehighestconcentrationofseaottersinCalifornia,withapopulationofabout

100.Bynaturallyfeastingoncrabs,theottershavehelpedasignificantregrowthofplantlife.Brent

Hughes,ascientistworkingalongsideAngelini,ledathree-yearstudy.Theirfindingswereclear:in

areaswithseaotters,crabnumbersfellmarkedly.Thisledtoaresurgenceinplantgrowth,whichin

turnstabilizedthesoilandloweredtherateofsoilwashingaway.

Astheseaotterpopulationcontinuestorestore,theirpositiveimpactoncoastalecosystemsis

likelytoincrease.ltnotonlyshowcasestheseaotterasacentralspecies一aspeciesthathasa

significanteffectonitsnaturalenvironment-butalsohighlightstheessentialnatureoftop

predators（捕食者）inpreservingecologicalharmony."Myhonestreactionwas-thiscould

becomeaclassicintheliterature,“saysscientistLekeliaJenkins.Sherevealsmarshrestoration

alsohelpspeoplebyreducingflooding."Suddenly,seaottersgofromjustcutethingsweliketo

somethingthatcanprotectourlivelihoodsandourproperties."

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了加州海獺的數(shù)量回升，對(duì)減少沿海

海岸線侵蝕、維護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境平衡起到了重要作用。

1.Whatchangedidthedisappearanceofseaottersbringabout?

A.Fewerpredatorycrabs.

B.Morecoastalplantlife.

C?Betterwater-cleaningeffect.

D.Worsecoastalecologicalbalance.

答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Therootcausewasagrowingpopulationofshore

crabs,whichfedheavilyonthemarshplants,weakeningthestructuralintegrityofthehabitat.“可

知，ElkhornSlough沿岸的沼澤遭受嚴(yán)重破壞的根本原因是濱蟹數(shù)量的增加。這些蟹以沼澤

植物為食，因此削弱了棲息地的結(jié)構(gòu)完整性。根據(jù)文章第三段中的"Theirfindingswereclear:

inareaswithseaotters,crabnumbersfellmarkedly.99可知，海獺對(duì)濱蟹有制衡作用。由此可推

知，海獺的消失導(dǎo)致了沿海生態(tài)平衡的惡化。故選D。

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"resurgence“inParagraph3mean?

A.Barrier.B.Advancement.

C.Expansion.D.Revival.

答案：D

解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文中的“Bynaturallyfeastingoncrabs,theottershave

helpedasign道cantregrowthofplantlife.”可知，因?yàn)楹＋H以濱蟹為食，從而有助于植物的再

生。畫線詞resurgence意為“復(fù)蘇”，D項(xiàng)與畫線詞意相近。故選D。

3.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinquotingLekeliaJenkins?

A.Tohighlighttheimportanceofcoastalmarshes.

B-Tointroduceanewresearchstudyonseaotters.

C.Todemonstratethepracticalbenefitsofseaotters.

D.Toemphasizetheneedforincreasedconservationefforts.

答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“Sherevealsmarshrestorationalsohelpspeople

byreducingflooding.’Suddenly,seaottersgofromjustcutethingsweliketosomethingthatcan

protectourlivelihoodsandourproperties.?”可推知，作者引用科學(xué)家LekeliaJenkins的話是

為了展示海獺（對(duì)人類）的實(shí)際益處（比如減少洪水災(zāi)害）。故選Co

4.Whatmessageisconveyedfromseaotters1impact?

A.Thenecessityforcontrolledhunting.

B.Theinterconnectednessoftheecosystem.

C.Thedrawbacksofwildlifereintroduction.

D.Theneedforhumaninterventioninnature.

答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章通過說明海獺對(duì)沿海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響，傳遞出

“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的相互關(guān)聯(lián)性”這一信息。故選B。

B

（2025?青島高三檢測(cè)）

AnancientLatinproverbsays“Aquilanoncapitmuscas^^—eaglesdon'thuntflies——meaning

thatimportantonesshouldn'tconcernthemselveswithsmall,insignificantmatters.Butthelionsin

EastAfricashouldconcernthemselveswiththeseeminglyinsignificantants,becausetheseantsare

changingtheirlifestyles.

Thestorystartswiththeacaciatrees（金合歡樹）inanAfricanwildlifeareaincentral

Kenya.Someoftheseacaciatreesprovidefoodandshelterforspecificantspecies,whichinturn

defendthetreesagainstherbivores（食草動(dòng)物）.Theantsareactivelyattackinganddrivingaway

herbivoresthatattempttofeedonthetrees*leaves.Thisishighlyeffective;theantsnotonly

physicallyharmtheherbivoresbutalsoreleasechemicalsthatcandeterotherpotentialattackers.

Buttheseantsareintrouble.Anotherspeciescalledthe“big-headed“antisdestroying

entiregroupsoftree-protectingants.This,inturn,setsoffanentirechainofeventsthatendsup

influencingwhenandhowlionscanhunt.

Thisantinvasionaffectsonethingaftertheother.ltleavestheacaciatreesdefenselessagainst

herbivores,especiallyelephants.Theelephantscomeinandeattheacaciasatfivetoseventimesthe

rateobservedinuninvadedareas.Thelions,whilehuntingforfood,havenomoretreestousefor

hiding.Thisreducedtreecovermakeslionslesssuccessfulathuntingandpushesthemtofind

differentareastohuntin.

“ThesetinyinvadersarepullingonthetiesthatputanAfricanecosystemtogether,

determiningwhoiseatenandwhere,“saidToddPalmer,anecologistfromFlorida.

Thelions,whicharealreadyendangered,aremanagingtocopewiththisbynolongerfocusing

theirattentiononzebras.Thezebras,ofcourse,canseethemmuchbetterontheapproachgiventhe

lackofcover.Instead,theyaretargetingwaterbuffalo.Butthisalsoisn'ttheendofthestory.Who

knowswhatthelions*changingstrategywillmeanfortheecosystemdowntheline?

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了小螞蟻如何影響?yīng){子的捕獵方式。

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"deter“inParagraph2mean?

A.Direct.B.Discourage.

C.Identify.D.Seek.

答案：B

解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文中的“whichinturndefendthetreesagainst

herbivores（食草動(dòng)物）.Theantsareactivelyattackinganddrivingawayherbivoresthatattemptto

feedonthetrees*leaves.Thisishighlyeffective;theantsnotonlyphysicallyharmtheherbivores”

可知，螞蟻對(duì)金合歡樹具有保護(hù)作用。由此可知，螞蟻還釋放出可以阻止其他潛在攻擊者的

化學(xué)物質(zhì)來保護(hù)金合歡樹。deter意為“阻止”，B項(xiàng)與畫線單詞意思相近。故選B。

6.Whatroledotheelephantsplayinthechainreaction?

A.Cooperatingwiththe“big-headed"ants.

B.Damagingthehidingplaceforlions.

C.Protectingtheacaciasfromherbivores.

D.Startingoffthedisturbanceofthechain.

答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theelephantscomeinandeattheacaciasatfiveto

seventimestherateobservedinuninvadedareas.Thelions,whilehuntingforfood,havenomore

treestouseforhidmg.^^可知，大象吃金合歡樹的速度是未被入侵地區(qū)的五到七倍。在尋找食

物的時(shí)候，獅子沒有更多的樹可以用來躲藏。由此可知，在食物鏈中，大象破壞了獅子的藏

身之處。故選B。

7.Theauthormentionslions,zebrasandwaterbuffalotoshowthat.

A.animalsfallvictimtobiggerones

B-theecologyisontheroadtorecovery

C-animalsarecorrelatedintheecosyst