必修第三冊

Disasterandhope

@主題語境：人與自然（自然災害及其防范、安全常識與自我保護）

自主學習夯實基福

Part1單元詞匯分類自測

5.housesburiedbyalandslide

被滑坡掩埋的房屋

閱讀l.ahelicopterpilot一名直升機駕

6.aweathersatellite氣象人

詞匯駛員

造衛(wèi)星

2.aplastictube塑料管子

7.naturaldisasters自然災

語境3.cost￡10,000plus耗資萬余英鎊

識意4.thesoutherncounties南部各郡

8.victimsofthehurricane

颶風的受害者

第一組：動詞變形

6.disastern.災難，災禍

1.occur0.發(fā)生-*（過去式/過去分詞）

fdisastrous〃力?.災難性的

occurredf（動詞-ing形式）

7.sufficientQ力.足句多的，充足的

occurring-occurrenccn.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；

fsufficientlyado.充分地,足夠

存在

地fsufficiencyR,足量，充足

2.eruptv.（火山）爆發(fā)，噴發(fā)feruption

拓展8.immediate〃切?.立刻的；立即的

n.爆發(fā)，噴發(fā)

詞匯fimmediatelyadv.即刻，馬上

3.relyv.信賴，可靠freliable〃力.可信賴

9.exceptionn.例外；除外

的，可靠的reliably〃曲.可靠地

變形一exceptional〃力.特別的；杰出

-^reliabilityn.可靠性

拼寫的fexceptionally〃血極其,非

4.announcev.宣布；聲稱；播報

常

fannouncementn.通告，公告

10.emergencyn.緊急情況，不

fannouncern?廣播員；播音員

測事件femergent。力■.緊急的

第二組：名詞和形容詞變形

□.precise。力.精確的,準確的

5.threat".威脅；構成威脅的人（或事

fprecisely。曲.精確地,準確地

物）fthreaten◎.威脅到，危及

-^threatened〃矽?.受到威脅的

■掌握規(guī)律?詞匯拓展?

名詞后綴-y/-ty表示性質、狀態(tài)、動作或結果。

①injure傷害一injury傷，損害②discover發(fā)現(xiàn)一discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)③deliver

遞送fdelivery遞送④recover恢復frecovery恢復；痊愈⑤honest誠實的

一honesty誠實⑥difficult困難的fdifficulty困難?modest謙虛的一modesty

謙虛⑧safe安全的一safety安全

1.(2024?浙江1月卷)Butitcan7.Thescientistisstudyingtheeffectsof

certainlykeepmeentertainedclimatechangeoccurring(occur)inour

whileIwaitformywifetoenvironment.

rescue(rescue)me.第140頁

2.(2024?全國甲卷)That'swhy8.Thecarcrashclaimed(claim)threelives.

mostpetcatsareabletotell9.Manyemergent(emergency)

immediately(immediate)iftheirtechnologiesarechanginghowwe

ownerswerearoundanyothercommunicatewitheachothereveryday.

核心

cats,whichtheydon'tusually10.1sawachildgrabbing(grab)candy

詞匯

like.fromthestorewhennoonewaswatching

3.(2021?全國乙卷)Thecollapsehim.

單句

wasdisastrous(disaster),11.Thecatclimbedupthetreeandneeded

應用

requiringtheemergencymedicalhelptoberescued(rescue)byitsowner.

teamandgoodteamwork.12.Maryamioimcvdtoherteammatesthat

4.Asweallknow,pollutionisshewastomarryaChineseboy.The

threatening(threat)marinelife.aanounccmeetoftheirmarriagewill

5.Nobodyknowspreciselyappearinthelocalnewspapernext

(precise)howmanypeopleareweek,(announce)

stilllivinginthecamp.13.Johnisveryreliable-ifhepromisesto

6.Wewillwanderintraditionaldosomething,hewilldoit,soyoucanrely

smalltownsandendourtouronhimtohelpyouwhenyouarein

withanexceptional(exception)trouble.(rely)

museuminShanghai.

Part2短語句式教材精選

I.選擇合適的短語并用其正確形式填空

turninto,afterall,haveyetto,lookoutfor,allofasudden,consistof,sort

of,makeit,headfor,compare...to/with,sufferfrom,intheopenair,lookthrough,

reflectoff,leaveout,upanddown

1.Ihaveyettofinishmyhomework,soIwillstayuplatetonight.

2.Itiswheredeadleavesturnintofoodforthetreesandotherforestlife.

3.Later,heworkedinAfrica,wheremanypeoplesufferedfromblindnessforlackofproper

treatment.

4.He'snottoblame.AfteralLitisthefirsttimehe'sdoneit.

5.Yourtaskoftheactivityconsistsofenjoyingthemovie,havingaheateddiscussion

afterwardsandgivingyourowncomments.

6.Allofasuddentherewasaterrificbangandaflashofsmoke.

7.Afterwehadadiscussion,wedecidedtoheadforthenearestshelter.

8.Ineedsomemoney.Pmgoingtolookthroughthenewspaperforaholidayjob.

9.WeenjoyedalovelypicnicintheopenairattheparklastSunday.

10.Whenyou'rewalkinginthecityatnight,youshouldalwayslookoutforpickpockets.

n.根據(jù)所給漢語和要求完成下面的句子

1.我們的排練是緊張的，充滿了笑聲，有時還有挫折。(動詞-ed形式短語作狀語)

Ourrehearsalswereintense,filledwithlaughter,andsometimesfrustration.

2.這本書是用淺顯的英語寫的，適合初學者。(動詞-ed形式短語作定語)

ThisbookwritteninsimpleEnglishissuitableforbeginners.

3.(2023?浙江1月卷)我一抱起她，她就停止了掙扎。(theinstant)

SheceasedherstruggletheinstantIpickedherup.

4.孩子們一聽到這個消息，就高興地跳了起來。(themoment)

Themomentthechildrenheardthenews，theyjumpedwithjoy.

深度學習

Part1核心詞匯多維練透

Eloccur(教材義)0.發(fā)生；(補充義)0.存在，出現(xiàn)；(想法)產生

巧歸納

(l)sthoccurstosb某人突然想起某事

(2)Itoccursto/strikes/hitssbthat...某人突然想起...

(3)Itoccursto/strikes/hitssbtodosth某人突然想起做某事

①ItoccurredtomethatIhadleftthedoorunlockedwhenIwasawayfromhome.

②Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurred(occur)billionsof

yearsago.

③［讀后續(xù)寫之天氣描寫］那天晚上發(fā)生了一場可怕的暴風雨，狂風拍打著房子。

Thatnightaterriblestormoccurred,withthewindblowingandbeatingthehouse.

第141頁

④我立刻想到，我的機會來了。

Itoccurredtomeatoncethatherewasmychance.

0rescue(教材義)營救，解救；(補充義)。.營救，援救；拯救，挽救(生意等)

巧歸納

(l)rescue...from...

把……從……營救出來

(2)cometoone'srescue來營救某人

(3)rescuern.救援者；救助者

①Allthepeoplenearbycametoher(she)rescuewhenhearinghercryforhelp.

②［應用文寫作之救援報道］正是這個勇敢的年輕人將那個可憐的老人從著火的房子中救

出來的。

Itwasthebraveyoungmanthatrescuedthepooroldmanfromtheburninghouse.

(3)Ittookrescuers(rescue)90minutestoreachthetrappedmen.

④［中國元素］在共同努力下，組織和個人聯(lián)合拯救和修復中國瀕危文化遺產，供子孫后

代欣賞和保存。

Withjointefforts,organizationsandindividualshavejoinedforcestorescueandrestore

endangeredChineseculturalheritagesitesforfuturegenerationstoappreciateandcherish.

Elcompare.?.to.??表明...與相似；將...比作

巧歸納

(1)compare...with...

把……和……相比較

(2)comparedto/with...

和……相比(通常作狀語)

(3)beyond/withoutcompare

無與倫比；舉世無雙

(4)comparisonn.比較

by/incomparisonwith...］

?,與……相比

makeacomparisonwith...J

①Itisdifficulttomakeacomparison(compare)withherpreviousbook-theyarecompletely

different.

②Myfinalexamwasabreezecompared(compare)withthedifficultyI'dgonethroughtoget

toit

③［讀后續(xù)寫之主旨升華句］與一輛新自行車相比，老師的鼓勵似乎更有效地幫助男孩克

服了恐懼。

Comparedtoanewbike,encouragementfromateacherseemedmoreeffectivetohelptheboy

conquerfear.

④(2023?新課標II卷)Kidscantesttheirskillsandcomparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsof

Yellowstone.

Part2經(jīng)典句式寫作遷移

■句型公式：themoment等名詞短語用作從屬連詞，引導時間狀語從句

巧歸納

有些名詞短語/副詞可用作從屬連詞，引導時間狀語從句：

①theinstant/moment/second/minute,相當于assoonas（一...就...）

?every/each/next/lasttime每次/下次/上次；thefirst/second...time第一/二...

次

（3）instantly/immediately/directly就...

?Immediately（immediate）hearrived,hestartedtellinguswhattodo.

②（2022.浙江1月卷）每次離開實驗室前，他都會非常小心地檢查數(shù)據(jù)，他的臉色異常蒼

白和憔悴。

Everytimehecheckedthedatawithgreatcautionbeforeleavingthelab,hisfacewas

surprisinglypaleanddrawn.

③我的目光落在她身上的那一刻，一股感激之情涌上心頭。

Themomentmyeyesfellonhe。,awaveofappreciationsurgedthroughme.

④（2024.新課標卷讀后續(xù)寫）我一下飛機，就像瘋了一樣穿過機場大樓，毫不猶豫地跳上

了第一輛出租車。

ThemomentIgotofftheplane,Iranlikecrazythroughtheairportbuildingandjumpedinto

thefirsttaxiontherankwithoutasecondthought.

第142頁

Part3語境辨義舉一反三

I.熟詞生義（寫出句中加黑詞匯的詞性及漢語意思）

1.（2024?浙江1月卷）Airplanesseedthreateningstormcellswithachemicaltomakesmall

icecrystalsfallasrainbeforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.ad/.威脅性的

2.（2024?新課標I卷）Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartly

relatedtopaper'sphysicalproperties.”.特性

3.Shewaspassedbyseveralrunnersinthelastlap.九（跑道的）一圈

4.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen.odo.在其他

方面

5.Hewasveryold,andhisheadwastoppedwithacloudoffine,snow-whitehair.o.上面覆蓋

6.Nottrustinghisvoice,hecuppedherfacebetweenhishandsanddrewittohim.。.使(雙手)

成圓狀托起

7.Theycouldn'ttouchhim.Hewasamasterpiece.。.比得上

8.Imoonedmywaythroughgradeandhighschool?.虛度(時間)

H.一詞多義(選出下列單詞在句中的正確釋義)

1.shelter

A.〃.居所，住處B.。.使免交稅

C.O.躲避D.o.保護，掩蔽

①(2024?浙江1月卷)1meantomakeanactualphonecall-nottoshelterfromtherain.C

②Humanbeingsneedfood,clothingandshelter.A

③Treesshelterthehousefromthewind.D

2.plus

A.prep.jjWB.〃力?.零度以上的，零上的

C.。力額外的D.九好處，優(yōu)勢

①Thecostis$205,plus$3forshipping.A

?OneofthehoteFsplusesisthatitisverycentral.D

③Thetemperatureisplusfourdegrees.B

隨堂鞏固

I.語篇語境綜合練(語境創(chuàng)新——詞匯再練)

Itwasadisastrousnightwhentheearthquake1.occurred(occur).Maryheardanannouncement

ontheradio,sayingthateveryoneshouldleavetheirhomes2.immediately(immediate).Shegrabbed

heremergencykitandranout.

Thesituationwaschaotic.Manypeoplewereinjuredandneeded3.rescuing/toberescued

(rescue).Thelackofa4.reliable(rely)communicationsystemmadethingsworse.The5.emergency

(emergent)servicesweredoingtheirbest,butthedamagewasextensive.Therewas6.athreatof

furtheraftershocks,andnoonefeltsafe.

Despitethe7.disastrous(disaster)event,Marysawhopeinthecommunity's

response.Volunteersandneighborshelpedeachotherwithoutexception.Thefoodandwatersupplies

werenot8.sufficient(sufficiency),buttheymanagedtosharewhatlittletheyhad.

Dayslater,the9.amioimcement(announce)ofinternationalaidbroughtrelief.Therescuers

arrivedlO.precisely(precise)whenneeded.Peoplestartedtorebuildtheirlives,showingthatevenin

thedarkesttimes,hopecanshinebrightly.

n.真題難句拓展練(剖析長句——精準翻譯)

1.(2024?新課標II卷)Campbell'spointistowakeupthoseresponsibleforAI-thetechnology

companies

第143頁

andworldleaders一sotheyareonthesamepageasalltheexpertscurrentlydevelopingit.

［剖析］本句是so連接的并列復合句。前面分句主干是主系表結構CampbelFspointisto

wakeup...,破折號中間內容用于解釋說明those；so后面分句也是主系表結構theyareonthe

samepage,currentlydevelopingit作定語修飾名詞experts。

［翻譯］坎貝爾的觀點是要喚醒那些負責人工智能的人——科技公司和世界領導人——

所以他們與目前開發(fā)人工智能的所有專家意見一致。

2.（2023?新課標II卷）Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,

artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks-transformingcovers,pagesoreven

completevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.

陪l］析］本句是一個主從復合句。句子的主干為主謂賓狀結構artistshaveusedthemasthe

rawmaterial...；破折號后transforming…為動詞-ing形式短語，起到解釋說明前文內容的作用；

as引導原因狀語從句。

［翻譯］最近，由于書籍變得便宜，甚至是一次性的，藝術家們把它們作為藝術品的原材

料——把封面、書頁甚至整卷書變成繪畫和雕塑。

3.（2022?新高考I卷）Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andother

resourcesusedtogrowit.

陪l］析］本句是一個復合句。句子主干為主謂賓結構Producingfoodwastesthewater,fuel,

andotherresources,其中主語是動詞-ing形式短語Producingfood。that引導定語從句，修飾

food；usedtogrowit是動詞-ed形式短語，作定語修飾resourceso此處usedto意為“被用

來……”，并不是固定短語“過去常?！钡挠梅ā?/p>

［翻譯］生產沒人吃的食物會浪費水、燃料和其他用來培植這種食物所用的資源。

情境遷移

I.應用文寫作增分練——自然災害（介紹如何應對洪災）

結合本單元話題，用單元詞匯、經(jīng)典句型完成下面的應用文寫作并背誦。

［基礎語料］

單元disaster,immediately,occur,announcement,claim,precisely,otherwise,

詞匯haveyetto,reliable,threat,nowhere

經(jīng)曲

but轉折并列句；省略引導詞的賓語從句

句型

［情境呈現(xiàn)］

你校上周開展了一次有關自然災害的研學活動?；顒舆^后，同學們對保護大自然有了更

深的認識。請你以“Astudyactivitytrip”為題寫一篇短文向英文報TeenTimes投稿。

［思路點撥］

人稱以第一人稱為主

時態(tài)以一般過去時和一般現(xiàn)在時為主

內容要第一段引出主題（去研學）一第二段介紹過程一結尾表達感想和

點線索意義

［寫作輸出］

Astudyactivitytrip

Atourschool>werecentlywentonastudytripfocusingonnaturaldisasters.⑴The

announcementofthetripwasmetwithimmediateinterestfromstudents,eagertolearnhowto

facesuchthreats(這次旅行的宣布立即引起了學生們的興趣,他們渴望學習如何面對這種威脅;

announcement,threat).

Throughthisexperience,wegainedadeeperunderstandingoftheimportanceofprotecting

nature.(2)Welearned(that)disastersdon'toccuroutofnowhere(我彳門認識至U災難不會無緣無故

地發(fā)生；occur,nowhere,disaster);theyareoftentheresultofenvironmentalimbalances.(3)We

haveyettofindcompletelyreliablewaystopredictdisasters,butwecanhelptoreducetheir

逅3(我們還沒有找到完全可靠的方法來預測災害，但我們可以幫助減少它們的影響；have

yetto；reliable；轉折并列句).

Thetriptaughtusthateveryactioncounts.ltwasareminderthat(4)wemusttakeimmediate

stepstoprotectourplanet,otherwisewewouldriskfacingmoredisastrousconsequences(我們必須

立即采取措施保護我們的地球，否則我們將面臨更多災難性后果的風險；otherwise).

第144頁

［變式表達］

用被動句和therebe句型改寫句(4)。

Immediatemeasuresmustbetakentoprotectourplanet,orelsetherewouldbemore

disastrousconsequences.

n.讀后續(xù)寫微點練——大雪天救助小狗(悲傷難過)

［基礎語料］

sad悲傷的

sorrowful悲傷的

tearful含淚的

heartbroken心碎的

詞匯disheartened沮喪的

depressed沮喪的

downinthedumps情緒低落

feelingblue感到憂郁

onthevergeoftears淚眼汪汪

hugging和rocking動詞-ing形式作狀語；獨立主格結構；with復合結構；

句式

as引導狀語從句

l.Shewassobbinguncontrollably,herheartachingwithgrief.

她無法控制地抽泣著，心中充滿了悲傷。

2.Thenewsoftheaccidentlefteveryoneinastateofshockanddespair.

事故的消息讓每個人都陷入了震驚和絕望。

細節(jié)3.Theroomwasfilledwithaheavysilence,reflectingthesadnessofthe

描寫moment.

房間里充滿了沉重的寂靜，反映了那一刻的悲傷。

4.Hervoicetrembledasshespokeoftheloss,hereyesbrimmingwith

tears.

她說起損失時聲音顫抖，眼里充滿了淚水。

5.Thesoundoftherainmatchedtherhythmofhertearsasshegrievedfor

thepast.

當她為過去悲傷時，雨聲和她眼淚的節(jié)奏相吻合。

［情境呈現(xiàn)］

（2025?江南十校聯(lián)考?讀后續(xù)寫）

一只被遺棄的小狗在Lacey家附近徘徊一Doris在清掃門前臺階上的大雪時發(fā)現(xiàn)了這只

小狗一Doris把小狗帶回了家，父母并不知情f小狗在地下室安頓下來，Doris喂它吃剩飯f

小狗表現(xiàn)得很好，不吵不鬧，并且似乎渴望陪伴一盡管Doris努力說服父母，但他們對于是否

可以養(yǎng)這只狗沒有給出明確的答復一Doris內心希望惡劣天氣持續(xù)，這樣小狗就不會被送到收

容所一小狗到來的九天后，天氣放晴了一……

［思路點撥］

文體：記敘文人稱：第三人稱時態(tài)：一般過去時為主

續(xù)寫思路：根據(jù)所給句子Dorisknewitwastimetosaygoodbyetothe

dogandfeltratherworried.可知，接下來故事可能會繼續(xù)描述Doris

與父母進行最后的溝通，看是否有可能改變他們的決定。或者探討

Doris的內心掙扎，她對小狗的感情以及她對小狗未來的擔憂。

［寫作輸出］

Dorisknewitwastimetosaygoodbyetothedogandfeltratherzvozried.⑴Shewassitting

aloneinthelivingroom,huggingapillowandrockingbackandforthontheedgeofachair(她一

個人坐在客廳里，抱著枕頭,在椅子邊上來回搖晃;hugging和rocking動詞-ing形式作狀語).She

wastryingnottocrybutshewasnotstrongenough.(2)Herfacewaswetandred>hereyesfullof

sadness(她的臉又濕又紅,眼睛里充滿了悲傷；獨立主格結構).(3)JustasDoriswasatherlowest,

herparentsappearedfromthedoorway(正當Doris處于最低谷時，她的父母從門口出現(xiàn)了；as

引導狀語從句).(4)WithasmileonMrs.Lacey'sface,shesaid(Mrs.Lacey臉上帶著微笑，她說；

with復合結構)，“Honey，PapaandIhaveagreedtokeepthepuppyasapartofourfamily.v

［變式表達］

用“sitting動詞-ing形式作狀語”結構改寫句(1)。

Sittingaloneinthelivingroom,shehuggedapillowandrockedbackandforthontheedgeof

achair.

單元測評18Unit6Disasterandhope用書「393

（時間：30分鐘滿分：45分）

（本欄目內容在中以活頁形式分冊裝訂?。?/p>

I.閱讀理解（本題共8個小題，每小題2.5分，共20分）

A

（2025?浙江1月卷）

OnSeptember7,1991,thecostliesthailstorm（雹暴）inCanadianhistoryhitCalgary's

southernsuburbs.Asaresult,since1996agroupofinsurancecompanieshavespentabout$2

millionperyearontheAlbertaHailSuppressionProject.Airplanesseedthreateningstormcellswith

achemicaltomakesmallicecrystalsfallasrainbeforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones.But

farmersineast-centralAlberta-downwindofthehailprojectflights一worrythatpreciousmoisture

（水分）isbeingstolenfromtheirthirstylandbythecloudseeding.

NormanStienwand,whofarmsinthatarea,hasbeenaddressingpublicmeetingsonthisissue

foryears."Basically,theprovincialgovernmentislettingtheinsurancecompaniesprotectthe

Calgary-EdmontonurbanareafromhaiL”Mr.Stienwandsays,"butthey'reincreasingdroughtrisk

asfareastasSaskatchewan.^^

TheAlbertahailprojectismanagedbyTerryKrauss,acloudphysicistwhoworksfor

WeatherModificationInc.ofFargo,NorthDakota."Weaffectonlyaverysmallpercentageofthe

totalmoistureintheair,sowecannotbecausingdrought,"Dr.Krausssays.'Infact,wemaybe

helpingincreasethemoisturedownwindbycreatingwetterground."

OnedoubteraboutthesafetyofcloudseedingisChuckDoswell,aresearchscientistwhojust

retiredfromtheUniversityofOklahoma."In1999,1personallysawsignificanttornadoes（龍卷風）

formfromaseededstormcellinKansas,"Dr.Doswellsays."Doescloudseedingcreatekiller

stormsorreducemoisturedownwind?Noonereallyknows,ofcourse,buttheseedinggoeson.^^

Giventhedegreeofdoubt,Mr.Stienwandsuggests,t6itwouldbewisetostopcloudseeding.^^

Inpractice,doubthashadtheoppositeeffect.Duetothelackofscientificproofconcerningtheir

impacts,noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuitagainstcloud-seedingcompanies.Hence,private

climateengineeringcanproceedinrelativelegalsafety.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了加拿大艾伯塔省實施防雹項目，對

于該項目人們態(tài)度不一。

1.Whatdoestheprojectaimtodo?

A.Conservemoistureinthesoil.

B.Preventtheformationofhailstones.

C.Forecastdisastroushailstorms.

D.Investigatechemicaluseinfarming.

答案：B

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Asaresult,since1996agroupofinsurance

companies...beforetheycangrowintodangeroushailstones."可知,這個項目的目標是防止冰雹

的形成。故選B項。

2.Whoareopposedtotheproject?

A.Farmersineast-centralAlberta.

B.Managersofinsurancecompanies.

C.Provincialgovernmentofficials.

D.ResidentsofCalgaryandEdmonton.

答案：A

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butfarmersineast-centralAlberta-downwindofthe

hailprojectflights一worrythatpreciousmoisture（水分）isbeingstolenfromtheirthirstylandby

thecloudseeding.??可知，艾伯塔省中東部的農民反對這個項目。故選A項。

3.WhydoesDr.Doswellmentionthetornadoeshesawin1999?

A.Tocomparedifferentkindsofseedingmethods.

B.Toillustratethedevelopmentofbighailstorms.

C.Toindicateapossibledangerofcloudseeding.

D.Toshowthelinkbetweenstormsandmoisture.

答案：c

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內容可推知，Doswell博士提到他在1999年看到的

龍卷風是為了提示播云可能帶來的危險。故選C項。

4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.ScientificstudieshaveprovedStienwandright.

B.PrivateclimateengineeringisillegalinCanada.

C.Thedoubtaboutcloudseedinghasdisappeared.

D.Cloud-seedingcompanieswillcontinuetoexist.

答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Duetothelackofscientificproofconcerningtheir

impacts,noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuitagainstcloud-seedingcompanies.Hence,private

climateengineeringcanproceedinrelativelegalsafety.”可推知，播云公司將繼續(xù)存在。故選D

項。

B

（2025?天域全國名校協(xié)作體聯(lián)考）

“THEANTANDTHEZEBRA"soundslikethetitleofanAesop'sfable.Likeallgoodfables,

thisonehasamoral,whichisthattinkeringwithnaturehasunpredictableconsequences.Unlikethe

Greekoriginals,though,thisfableisreal.

ThestoryplaysoutinLaikipiaCounty,Kenya.Thecharactersincludebig-headedants,an

invasivespecies,thenativeacaciaants,theseinvasiveantshavegraduallybeenreplacing,the

whistling-thorntreeswherebothsortsofantslive,acastofelephants,lions,zebrasandbuffalo,and

DouglasKamaru,aKenyanbiologistintheUniversityofWyoming.AsMr.Kamarureportsthis

weekinScience,theantinvasionhassetoffacomplicatedchainofconsequenceswhichhashelped

zebrasattheexpenseofbuffalo-thusillustratingaphenomenoncalled“trophiccascade”.

Itworkslikethis.Whistling-thornshaveco-evolvedwiththelocalants.Thetreesprovidethe

antswithshelterandfood,intheformoflarge,hollowthornsintowhichtheyproducenutritious

nectar（蜜汁）.Theants,meanwhile,protectthetreesbyseeingoffthechiefthreattothem,thelocal

elephants,whicharenotkeentofeedontreescrawlingwithbitinginsects.

Acaciaants'habitatisthicklycarpetedwithwhistling-thorns.Big-headedants,however,arenot

goodatkeepingtheelephantsatbay.Theelephantsmoveinandbitethetrees,removingmuchofthe

area'scover.Thatupsetsthelocallions,whichoftenusethiscovertohidewhenhuntingzebra.To

compensate,thelionsswitchtohuntingbuffalo,whicharemoredangerous,butlessfleetoffoot.

Mr.Kamaruhasputnumberstotheprocess,too.Ininvadedareas,elephantsbreaktreesfiveto

seventimesasoftenasinuninvadedones.Andinthoseuninvadedplaces,zebrakillsarealmost

threetimesasfrequentasintheinvadedones.Indeed,between2003and2020,asthebig-headed

antshavespread,thepercentageoflocallionkillswherethevictimwasazebrafellfrom67%to

42%.Overthesameperiod,thepercentageofkillsthatwerebuffalorosefromzeroto42%.Whether

thebuffaloblametheantsfortheirmisfortune,nooneknows.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了因外來螞蟻入侵而引發(fā)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)

的一系列連鎖反應。

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"tinkeringwith“probablymeaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Makingchangesto.B.Payingattentionto.

C.Findingfaultwith.D.Showingrespectfor.

答案：A

解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線短語下文“UnliketheGreekoriginals,though,thisfableisreal.^^

可知，這個寓言是真實的。且根據(jù)第二段中的"theantinvasionhassetoffacomplicatedchainof

consequences”可知，外來螞蟻入侵引發(fā)了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的一系列連鎖反應，外來螞蟻入侵改變了

大自然原有的運行模式。由此可推知，tinkeringwith表示“修改，修理”，與A項意思相

近。故選A。

6.The“trophiccascade99inthepassagehappenedwhen.

A.animalhabitatinaspecificareawaspreserved

B.aninvasivespeciessufferedalackoffoodsupply

C.certainplantswereaffectedbyhumanactivities

D.aparticularspeciesinthefoodchainwasreplaced

答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句、第三段最后一句和第四段中的“Theelephants

moveinandbitethetrees,removingmuchofthearea'scover.Thatupsetsthelocallions,…”可知，

“營養(yǎng)級聯(lián)”的現(xiàn)象指的是外來螞蟻（大頭蟻）入侵取代當?shù)匚浵仯ń鸷蠚g蟻），從而引發(fā)植被

被大象啃食，進一步導致獅子捕獵時失去植被作為掩護等情形。由此可推知，食物鏈中的某

個特定物種被外來物種取代時，會觸發(fā)連鎖反應，引起“營養(yǎng)級聯(lián)”的現(xiàn)象。故選D。

7.Whydidthelionschangetheirtargetsofattackwhenhunting?

A.Becauseitbecomeslessriskytohuntthebuffalo.

B.Becausegreatervisibilitymakesithardtohuntzebra.

C.Becausetheyarenotgoodatkeepingtheelephantsaway.

D.Becausetheyareupsetbythepresenceofbig-headedants.

答案：B

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theelephantsmoveinandbitethetrees,removing

muchofthearea'scover.Thatupsetsthelocallions,whichoftenusethiscovertohidewhenhunting

zebra.Tocompensate,thelionsswitchtohuntingbuffalo”可知，當大頭蟻取代了本地螞蟻后，它

們無法像本地螞蟻那樣有效地驅趕大象。因此，大象開始破壞樹木，減少了獅子用來埋伏捕

獵的掩護物。由于獅子需要樹木掩護來捕獵斑馬，而水牛不如斑馬跑得快，所以獅子轉而捕

獵水牛。因此，獅子改變攻擊目標是因為更高的能見度使得捕獵斑馬變得困難。故選B。

8.Whichofthefollowingisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Howantsandbuffalodefeatedlions

B-Howelephantslandedzebraintrouble

C.Howtreeschangedlions*dinnermenu

D.Howantspersuadedlionstoeatbuffalo

答案：D

解析：標題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)最后一段最后一句并分析全文描述的自然現(xiàn)象

可知，入侵螞蟻改變了食物鏈中的相互作用，導致獅子改變了它們的捕食對象。因此，D項

“Howantspersuadedlionstoeatbuffalo^^準確地概括了文章的主要內容，適合作為文章的最佳

標題。故選D。

n.讀后續(xù)寫（滿分25分）

（2025?安徽江南十校高三聯(lián)考）

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。

InaverycoldJanuary,apuppywanderedaroundMr.Lacey'shouse,whereMr.Laceylived

withhiswifeMamieandtheirdaughterDoris.Icicles（冰錐）hungthreefeetormorefromtheroofs

ofhousesandsnowswallowedupcars.

Thepuppyhadbeenabandoned,andi