PAGE1專題05形容詞、副詞、介詞、情態(tài)動詞內容導航考點聚焦：核心考點+高考考點，有的放矢重點速記：知識點和關鍵點梳理，查漏補缺難點強化：難點內容標注與講解，能力提升復習提升：真題感知+提升專練，全面突破核心考點聚焦考點一形容詞考點一形容詞、副詞一.形容詞副詞的轉化1.在形容詞后加-ly。quick→quicklycalm→calmlybrave→bravelyclear→clearly2.以-y結尾的形容詞，先將y變?yōu)?i，再加-ly。easy→easilyheavy→heavilybusy→busilyhappy→happily3.以-le結尾的形容詞，去-加-y。gentle→gentlyterrible→terriblycomfortable→comfortably注意：有些詞后加ly構成形容詞。如:friendly(友好的),lively(活躍熱情的),lovely(可愛的),lonely(孤獨的)。二.形容詞、副詞的基本用法形容詞作狀語表示伴隨或結果，并不表達動作的方式。Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemwentbackhome,hungryandtired.經過長時間旅行后，他們三個回到家，又餓又累。2.有些副詞還可以作連詞，作副詞時常放在句末。如：though,(ever)since,incase等。Heisold.Heworkshard,though.＝Thoughheisold,heworkshard.雖然他年事已高，但他工作還是很努力。3.有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評注性狀語。如：obviously,naturally,surprisingly等。Fortunately,hewasnotdrownedandwassavedbythePLA.幸運的是，他沒被淹死，被解放軍給救了。Happilyforher,herstepmotherwaskindtoher.高興的是，她的繼母對她很好。4.cannot/never與enough或too連用表示：無論怎樣都不過分；越……越好?！狪wasridingaloneinthestreetandallofasudden,acarcutinandknockedmedown.——我正在大街上獨自一人騎自行車，突然一輛小汽車強行超車把我撞倒了?！猋oucanneverbetoocarefulinthestreet.——在大街上你越小心越好。三.形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級(一)比較級和最高級規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化(1)規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)詞及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞詞尾情況詞尾加法例詞一般情況直接加-er,-estyoung--younger--youngestfas--faster--fastest以不發(fā)音的字母-e結尾的詞在詞尾加-r,-stlarge--larger--largest以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的詞，且詞尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-er,-estfat--fatter--fattestbig--bigger--biggest以輔音字母+y結尾的詞將-y變?yōu)?i,再加-er,-esteasy--easier--easiestdirty--dirtier--dirtiest其他雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞在詞前加more,mostdelicious--moredelicious--mostdelicious(2)不規(guī)則變化形容詞原級副詞原級比較級最高級good(好的),well(健康的)well(好)betterbestbad,illbadlyworseworstmany,muchmuchmoremostlittle(小的,不嚴重的)little(少許,一點)lessleastfarfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest(二)形容詞、副詞的比較等級的句型平級比較1.＂as＋形容詞＋(a/an)＋名詞＋as＂表示同級比較，注意中間的形容詞和名詞并列時各自所在的位置。Teachingisasmuchanartasitisascience.教學是一門科學，同時也是一門藝術。2.＂as＋形容詞/副詞的原級＋as＂與＂notas/so＋形容詞/副詞的原級＋as＂表示同級比較，即兩個或兩部分人或物在性質上或程度上相同(不同)。Thetaskisnotas/sodifficultasyouimagine.這項任務不是像你想像得那么難。比較級1.比較級的修飾語有:rather,much，still,any(否定句、疑問句中),even,far,alot，abit,alittle,agreatdeal等。HeismuchtallerthanYaoMing.他比姚明高多了。Thebookisbetterbyfarthanthatone.這本書比那本書要好得多。2.比較級的常見結構：(1)＂比較級+than＂結構可以表達一方超過或低于另一方的情況。YoulookmuchyoungerthanIdo.你看上去比我年輕多了。Shedoesn’tworkharderthanyou.她工作不如你努力。(2)由more,fewer,less+名詞構成的比較級①more＂比……多＂，后接復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞Ihavemorenewsbooksthanmycousin.我的新聞書比我表弟的多。②less＂比……少＂，后接不可數(shù)名詞Hehaslesswaterthanme.他的水比我的少。③fewer＂比……少＂，后接復數(shù)名詞Theyhavefewerflowersthanwe.他們的花比我們的少。3.比較級的特殊結構(1)Themore…,themore…表示＂越……，就越……＂(more代表比較級)Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.你越細心，你犯的錯誤就越少。2.＂比較級+比較級＂和＂moreandmore+多音節(jié)詞原級＂表示＂越來越……＂Ourschooliscleanerandcleaner.我們的校園越來越干凈。Ourcitybecomesmoreandmorebeautiful.我們的城市變得越來越漂亮。3.＂the＋比較級＋ofthetwo＋名詞＂表示＂兩者中較……的那個＂。Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.兩個男孩中較高的那位是我哥哥。4.＂no+比較級+than＂結構表示＂和……一樣不……＂＂not+比較級+than＂結構意為＂不及＂，表示前者不如后者YouarenotallerthanI.你和我一樣矮。Myhandwritingisnotbetterthanyours.我的書法沒有你的好。最高級1.最高級的修飾語常見的有：序數(shù)詞，byfar，nearly，almost，bynomeans，notreally，notquite，nothinglike。ThebridgebeingbuiltnowisbyfarthelongestacrosstheYellowRiver.目前正在建的那座橋是橫跨黃河之上的橋當中最長的橋。2.最高級意義的表達法①the+最高級+比較范圍②never…a(n)+比較級+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)③比較級＋than＋anyother＋單數(shù)名詞比較級＋than＋alltheother＋復數(shù)名詞比較級＋than＋anyoneelse比較級＋than＋anyoftheother＋復數(shù)名詞比較級＋than＋therestof＋復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞eg:朱莉婭是她班上最高的女生。(一句多譯)(1)Juliaistallerthananyothergirlinherclass.(2)Juliaistallerthanalltheothergirlsinherclass.(3)Juliaistallerthananyoftheothergirlsinherclass.(4)Juliaistallerthantherestofgirlsinherclass.(5)Juliaisthetallestgirlinherclass.④否定詞＋比較級＝最高級。Thereisnogreaterlovethanthatofamanwholaysdownhislifeforhisfriends.為朋友而放棄生命的人的愛是最偉大的愛。四倍數(shù)表示法(1)Ais＋倍數(shù)＋比較級＋than＋B(2)Ais＋倍數(shù)＋as＋原級＋as＋B(3)Ais＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size，length，height等)＋of＋B(4)Ais＋倍數(shù)＋that＋of＋B(5)Ais＋倍數(shù)＋what引導的名詞性從句①Thisbuildingisthreetimeshigherthanthatone.Thisbuildingisthreetimesashighasthatone.Thisbuildingisthreetimestheheightofthatone.這個建筑物是那個建筑物的3倍高。②Theoutputofthisyearis3timesthatof2008.＝Theoutputofthisyearis3timeswhatitwasin2008.今年的產量是2008年的三倍。③Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced，thefactoryproducedtwiceasmanycarsin2008astheyearbefore.自從新技術被引進以后，這家工廠2008年生產的小汽車是上一年的兩倍?？键c二介詞考點二介詞一.介詞的固定搭配介詞往往同其他詞類形成了固定搭配關系。記住這種固定搭配關系，才能正確使用介詞。1.介詞與動詞的搭配listento,laughat,getto,lookfor,waitfor,hearfrom,turnon,turnoff,worryabout,thinkof,lookafter,spend...on...等。2.介與名詞的搭配ontime,intime,bybus,onfoot,withpleasure,onone’swayto,introuble,atbreakfast,attheendof,intheend等。介詞與形容詞的搭配belatefor,beafraidof,begoodat,beinterestedin,beangrywith,befullof,besorryfor等。二.介詞的省略1.當表示時間的詞前有this,that,next,last,every,each,some,any,all等時，介詞常省略。Pleasecomeherenextweek.ThisweekhewillvisithisuncleinShanghai.表示時間的名詞前有不定冠詞，且不定冠詞作“每一……”解時，前面不用介詞。Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway習慣搭配中介詞的省略一些常和動詞、名詞或形容詞搭配的介詞常省略，常見的此類搭配有:spendmoney/time(in)doingsth,wastemoney/time(in)doingsthhavedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth,bebusydoingsthstop/preventsb(from)doingsth等。三常用介詞易混辨析1.表時間的介詞(1)at,in,onat表示時間點用at。例如:atsixo’clock，atnoon，atmidnight。In表示在某個世紀某年，某月，某個季節(jié)以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上時，用in。如:inthenineteenthcentury,in2002,inmay,inwinter,inthemorning,intheafternoon等。與將來時態(tài)連用時，表示“過多長時間以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段時間的詞語。on表示具體的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上時，用on。如:onMonday，onJulvIst，onSundaymorning等。(2)since,aftersincesince詞組表示的時段一直延續(xù)到說話的時刻，因而往往要與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。Ihaven'theardfromhimsincelastsummer.afterafter詞組所表示的時段純系過去，因而要與一般過去時連用after與將來時態(tài)連用時，后面只能跟表示時間點的詞語。after與過去時態(tài)連用時，后面才能跟表示一段時間的詞語。Afterfivedaystheboycameback.Hewillarriveafterfouro’clockHereturnedafteramonth.表示地點的介詞at，in，onat一般指小地方;TheyarrivedatasmallvillagebeforedarkIn一般指大地方或某個范圍之內HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.on往往表示“在某個物體的表面”Theteacherputupapictureonthewallover，above，onoverover表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反義詞是under。aboveabove也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反義詞是below。onon指兩個物體表面接觸，一個在另一的上面。(3)across，throughacrossacross的含義與on有關，表示動作在某一物體的表面進行throughthrough的含義與in有關，表示動作是在三維空間進行。across和through均可表示“從這一邊到另一邊”，但用法不同。。如:(4)infrontofinthefrontof如:Infrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某個范圍以外;TherearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuildingInthefrontof表示“在……的前部”，在某個范圍以內?！heteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom3.表示“除了”的介詞:except，exceptfor,exceptthat,besides,butexcept“除……之外”，指“不包括……”，后面常接名詞、代詞(人稱代詞常用賓格)，還可接介詞短語、副詞和動詞不定式，此時相當于but，但不定式常不帶to。如果在區(qū)別前后有同類的詞語時，就用exceptexceptfor“除了，只有”，意思和except一樣，主要指說明基本情況后，而在細節(jié)上加以修正，后面常接名詞性短語。如果在區(qū)別前后是不同類的詞語時，就用exceptforexceptthat“除了，只是"，意思和exeept，exceptfor一樣。但在用法上，其后常接名詞性從句，也可接when，where等詞引導的其他從句。besides表示“除……外還有”，所排除的事物常包括在所述范圍之內。另外，besides可用作副詞，相當于also，有“而且，加之，何況”之意。4.表示“用”的介詞in，with，byIn指“用”語言、字體、墨水、體裁、風格、方式、現(xiàn)金、順序等。With通常指“用”具體的或有形的工具、器官等，有時也表示“用”某種手段、音調等。by作介詞表示“用”時，一般指“用”方式、手段等。后面常接動名詞或名詞，后面接名詞時，該名詞前面一般不加修飾語。四、常見的介詞短語1.at+名詞:表示狀態(tài)atwork在工作 atpeace處于和平狀態(tài) atwar處于戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài) 2.at開頭的介詞短語atthebeginningof...在……開頭 atthesametime與此同時 atthecostof..以……為代價3.on+名詞:表示狀態(tài)onfire onshow onbusiness onholiday onvacation onleave ontheway 4.其他的以on開頭的介詞短語onthetopof在上面/頂端 onbehalfof代表 5.by+名詞表示方式byair=byplane byship-bysca bycar bytrain byhand手工 bymistake錯誤地6.以in開頭的介詞短語innotime立即 inplaceof代替 inadditionto另外 inchargeof掌管 inreturn作為回報 inspiteof盡管 7.of+名詞表示特征(等于相應的形容詞)ofhelp=helpful ofimportance=important ofuse=useful ofvalue=valuable有價值的 8.outof+名詞表示狀態(tài)outofdate過期 outofcontrol失控 outofbreath上氣不接下氣 outofwork失業(yè) outofsight看不見 9.with+名詞表示方式withjoy高興地 withdifficulty困難地 withease輕而易舉地 withfear害怕地 考點三情態(tài)動詞考點三情態(tài)動詞1.can/could①can表示能力，意為“能夠”。②can表示請求，could表示委婉語氣。③can表示許可。④can/can’t表推測，意為“可能/不可能”，常用于疑問句或否定句。⑤couldsbhavedone...？意為“某人做過某事嗎？”，couldn’thavedone意為“不可能做過某事”，表示對過去的推測，用于疑問句或否定句。⑥can’t表示客觀條件不允許。⑦can表示客觀上存在這種可能性但不一定發(fā)生。2.may/might①表示請求。②表示許可，不用might。③表示對現(xiàn)在的猜測，might表示語氣更不肯定。④mayaswell“還是……好”。⑤mighthavedone表示對過去的推測，意為“可能做了某事”。mightnothavedone意為“可能沒做某事”，常用于疑問句或否定句。3.must①must表示必須，肯定回答用must。②否定回答用needn’t。③mustbe表示對現(xiàn)在的推測，只用于肯定句，意為“一定”。④must表示“非要，偏偏”。⑤musthavedone表示對過去的推測，只用于肯定句中，意為“一定做過某事”。⑥mustn’t表示禁止，不表示推測。4.should①表示推測，意為“按理說應當”。②shouldhavedone意為“本應做而沒做”，shouldn’thavedone表示“本不應做卻做了”，含有虛擬的意味。③表示“竟然”。④should(not)dosth＝ought(not)todosth(不)應該做某事。5.shall①用于第一人稱，表示將要做某事。②用于第一、三人稱疑問句，表示請求。③用于第三人稱肯定句，表示按照正式的規(guī)定要做的事。④用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人向對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。6.need/dare?dare和need用作情態(tài)動詞時，沒有人稱和時態(tài)的變化，常用于疑問句和否定句。疑問句直接把dare和need提前，否定句直接在其后加not，如用法②和③。?dare和need用作實義動詞時，有人稱和時態(tài)的變化，常用于肯定句中。如果用于疑問句和否定句，需要加助動詞do/does，且其后要加(to)do，如用法①④⑤。?其用法簡單總結為：有助有to，無助無to。7.will/would①表示意愿。②表示事物的屬性。③表示人現(xiàn)在的習慣，意為“常常做某事”。④would/usedto表示過去的習慣。⑤表示意愿，意志。1.用于固定習語中can’t/cannever...too/enough(無論……也不過分；越……越好)2.can與beableto的區(qū)別(1)can只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時；beableto則有更多的時態(tài)。3.must和haveto的區(qū)別must是說話人的主觀看法，而haveto則強調客觀需要。must只有一般現(xiàn)在時，haveto有更多的時態(tài)形式。難點一形容詞1.Soeagerwasshetobeacrewmemberthatsheovercamemanydifficultiesandultimatelybecame________(qualify).難點二副詞Thisisespeciallytrueincountrieswheretraditionalmedicinesare________(wide)used.難點三形容詞和副詞的比較等級She________(far)explainedalthoughthiswomanwasoldandbedridden(臥床不起的),shewasstillalady,andtheolddeservedtobetreatedwithrespect.

難點四倍數(shù)關系句型Duringaninterview,ProfessorHawkingwarnedthatAI(人工智能)wouldsoonreachalevelwhereitwouldbea"newformoflife"thatwouldperform________(well)thanhumans.

難點五介詞和介詞短語Uptonowwehaven’tfoundacure________cancer.難點六情態(tài)動詞1.Ifhecan________(combination)hisnaturalabilityandhardwork,heshouldbeverysuccessful.2.Youcan’timagineawell-behavedman________besorudetoalady.(情態(tài)動詞)3.Wesuggestthedataneed________(update)everymonth.提升專練I.單句語法填空1.Yourjeansarenot________(suit)forsuchaformaloccasion,soyou’dbetterreplaceitwithasuit.2.Itis________(amaze)thatthecrowdsgatheredonthestreettocelebrateChristmas.3.Mylittlebrotherisalwaysso________(energy)thathecanplayfootballforhourswithoutgettingtired.4.Therearecertainproductsandservicesthatarevery________(suit)forsellingonline.5.Aseriesofstudiesshowthatheartrespondswellto________(energy)exercise.6.Heworked________(energetic)alldaylongandfinallyfinishedthedifficulttask.7.Wemustidentifyrealneedsandwork________(flexible)andcooperatively.8.Jimwasbittenbyadoginthepark.________(fortune),heonlygotslightlyinjured.9.________(original),thisnoveldescribedthedevelopmentofhip-popmusic.10.Theteenager________(voluntary)signedupfortheafter-schooltutoringprogramme,eagertohelpyoungerstudentswiththeirstudies.11.Therefore,apart________beingfunandgoodexercise,swimmingisaveryusefulskill.12.Thegovernment’squickresponse________thecrisisearnedpublicpraise.13.According________thereport,atleastsevenoutoftenfactoriesdischargeuntreatedwastewater,________whichalargeamountpollutestheriversseriously.14.MissZhao,afamousexpertinChinesehistory,willbeinvitedtogivealecture________(concern)thehistoryoftheSilkRoad.15.________thefreezingweather,thesoldiersmanagedtoreachthedestinationintime.16.Parentsshould________(equipment)theirchildrenwiththeskillstheyneedtofacefuturechallenges.17.Userscan________(filter)postsbydateorrelevance.18.Ishould________(apology)forfailingtokeepmypromise.19.Youcaneither________(solution)theproblembyyourself,orseekhelpfromyourclassmates.20.Youshould________(apology)toherforwhatyouhavedone.II.閱讀理解(24-25高一下·河北衡水·開學考試)Dogshavebeenhumans’bestfriendsforthousandsofyears,andtheirabilitytounderstandusgoesmorethanjustfollowingorders.Dogsarereallygoodatunderstandinghowhumansfeel.They’velearnedtopickuponwordsandfacialexpressionsfromhumans.Arecentstudyhasshownthatdogscanactuallysmellhumanstressandrespond(反應)toitinwaysthatsuggestacloserelationshipwithushumans.Thisinterestingdiscoverythrowslightonhowdeeplycloseourliveshavebecomewithourdogfriends.So,candogsreallysmellstress?Theanswerisyes!ResearchersattheUniversityofBristoldidastudywheretheyfoundthatdogscansensestressthroughachemicalcalledcortisol(皮質醇)inoursweat.Thisabilityallowsthemtorespondemotionallytohumanstress.Inthestudy,18volunteersandtheirdogstookpart.Thesevolunteerswentthroughpublicspeakingandtooktestsofsolvingdifficultmathproblemswithoutanypreparation.Theirworrymademorecortisolappearintheirsweat.Whenthedogssmelledthisstressedsweat,theyfeltlesscuriousandshowedlessinterestinafoodbowlinanuncertainposition,asiftheythoughttherewasnofoodinthosebowls.Itseemsthatdogscanreallyfeelthestressofhumansandtheirownfeelingscanbeaffected,too.Thisshowsthathumansanddogshaveaverydeepconnection,whereemotionscanspreadbetweenuslikeawave.Thenhowdiddogsdevelopsuchabilitytosensestress?Well,itmightbebecausesensingstresshelpeddogssurviveinthepast.Iftheycouldtellwhenanothermemberoftheirgroupwasworriedandstressed,theyknewtheymightbeatrisk.AsZoeParr-Cortes,leadstudyauthorandaPh.D.studentatBristolVeterinarySchool,said,“Beingabletosensestressfromanothermemberofthepackwaslikelybeneficial.”1.Whydidvolunteersinthestudydopublicspeakingandmathtasks?A.Totesttheirsocialskills. B.Toseehowdogswouldhelpthem.C.Toshowtheirabilitytoreducepressure. D.Toraisetheirstressandcortisollevels.2.Whathappenedwhendogssmelledstressinthestudy?A.Theirresponsewasfaster. B.Theystayedawayfromtheirowners.C.Theyfocusedlessonfood. D.Theybarkedtowarnownersofdanger.3.Whatmightbethereasondogsdevelopedtheabilitytosensestress?A.Toavoiddanger. B.Toprotecttheirfood.C.Tohuntmoreeffectively. D.Tobetterunderstandhumans.4.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Aguidebookfordogtraining. B.Ascientificresearchreport.C.Anewspaperaboutanimaladventures. D.Amagazineaboutwildlifeprotection.III.完形填空(24-25高三下·江蘇南通·開學考試)Onewinterevening,Iwasdrivinghomethroughasnowstorm.Suddenly,Inoticedavehicle1me.Ifounditsomewhatdisturbing,butIdidn’tgiveitmuchthought.Then,withoutwarning,mytyreburstwitha(n)2bang!Iwrestledwiththesteeringwheeltomaintain3andcarefullypulledofftheroad,myheartpounding.I4onmyhazardlights,hopingforassistance.Tomyastonishment,thecarbehindmealso5.Amanswiftlyemergedfromthedriver’sseat.HecameovertomycarandinquiredifIwasunharmed.Stillinastateofshock,Inodded6.Withoutamoment’shesitation,hegotdownto7.Hetookoutaspare8frommytrunkandbeganthetaskofreplacingthe9one.Despitetheterribleweather,heworkedwithremarkableprecisionand10.Oncehehadfinished,he11hishandsonaclothandremarked,“Iwasplanningto12twokilometresback.Butsomethingaboutthattyreseemed13tome.I’mgladIdecidedtofollowyoualongtheway.Youneverknowwhatmighthappenonanightlikethis.”Iwasoverwhelmedwithgratitude.Ithankedhimsincerely,buthejustsmiled14andsaid,“Noproblem.Justbecarefuloutthere.”Hegotbackintohiscaranddroveaway,leavingmewithaprofoundsenseof15forhisselflessness.AsIcontinuedmyjourney,thesnowcontinuedtofall,buttheroadseemedalittlelessdaunting.1.A.stopping B.tailing C.screaming D.dismissing2.A.amazing B.eye-catching C.deafening D.wide-ranging3.A.control B.speed C.energy D.level4.A.leaned B.pointed C.bounced D.switched5.A.pulleddown B.tookover C.pulledover D.gotdown6.A.literally B.weakly C.definitely D.vigorously7.A.business B.chores C.ground D.reality8.A.seat B.wheel C.light D.tyre9.A.flat B.solid C.odd D.repaired10.A.outlook B.fantasy C.efficiency D.vitality11.A.shook B.wiped C.wrapped D.clapped12.A.flee B.exit C.flash D.slide13.A.off B.in C.out D.down14.A.rigidly B.scarcely C.exclusively D.modestly15.A.permission B.anticipation C.competence D.admirationIV.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。(24-25高一下·安徽·開學考試)Myhighschoollifewasaveryfulfillingone.Besidesstudyinginclass,Igotapart-timejobatalocalcoffeeshop1locationwasnotfarfromourschool.Ihopeditwouldbeeasy,andforthemostpart,withoutany2(tense).Iimaginedmyselfpouringcoffeeandbecomingclosefriendswithmycustomers.ButwhatIhadn’texpectedwasthepeoplewithsomanyordersandthemomentswhenIcouldn’tseemtopleaseanyone.Therewasalwaystoomuchsugar,toolittleice,ornotenoughskimmil