第五講續(xù)寫語言提升由讀后續(xù)寫評分原則可知，讀后續(xù)寫作文對詞匯應(yīng)用的豐富性、準(zhǔn)確性都做出了明確的要求。文中除了要準(zhǔn)確使用詞匯外，也要注意所用詞匯的豐富性：減少基礎(chǔ)詞匯(如籠統(tǒng)詞、低年級常用詞等)的使用，培養(yǎng)使用復(fù)雜詞匯(如具體詞、派生詞、短語等)的習(xí)慣，從而使文章內(nèi)容更加生動、豐富，提升文章檔次。第一節(jié)詞匯升級常用詞匯升級方法如下：基礎(chǔ)用法高級用法低年級學(xué)習(xí)的詞語高年級學(xué)習(xí)的詞語籠統(tǒng)的詞語(如walk)具體的詞語(如tiptoe，wander等)單詞(如visit)短語(如payavisitto)單詞原形(如happy)單詞的派生詞(如happily,happiness等)就讀后續(xù)寫來說，最主要的升級方法是籠統(tǒng)詞變具體詞和單詞變短語。類型1籠統(tǒng)詞變具體詞籠統(tǒng)詞指一些描述范圍較大、指向信息不明確的詞語，而具體詞往往是這類詞語的具體描述?；\統(tǒng)詞變具體詞可以使敘述的內(nèi)容更加準(zhǔn)確，行文更加生動。Assoonasthepuppyheardhisfootsteps,itrantowardshim.一聽到他的腳步聲，波比就朝他跑了過來。如果將句中的ran改為darted(飛奔，像飛鏢一樣射出去)，可以更準(zhǔn)確地表現(xiàn)出小狗激動的情緒，使讀者產(chǎn)生更直接的觀感，這是籠統(tǒng)詞變具體詞的一大好處。但是在使用的時候也需要注意用詞是否符合語境，如上句中，若將run改為sprint(沖刺)，則無法展現(xiàn)小狗對主人的友好，不符合句子的語境。按照詞性進(jìn)行劃分，常用的籠統(tǒng)詞變具體詞示例如下：名詞籠統(tǒng)詞具體詞thingbusiness(事情),issue(問題),affair(事件),matter(事態(tài)),event(大事),trifle(瑣事)advantagevirtue(優(yōu)點；長處),merit(優(yōu)點；價值),benefit(優(yōu)勢；益處)disadvantageshortcoming(缺點；短處),drawback(缺點；不利條件),demerit(短處)topclimax(極點；頂點),peak(頂峰),summit(最高點；頂點)waymethod(方法；辦法),approach(方式；方法),avenue(途徑；手段)形容詞和副詞籠統(tǒng)詞具體詞beautifulhandsome(英俊的),attractive(吸引人的),graceful(優(yōu)雅的),fine(精美的)gladexcited(興奮的),pleasant(愉快的),joyful(歡喜的)importantvital(至關(guān)重要的),critical(決定性的),significant(意義重大的),primary(首要的),profound(深刻的)badmean(刻薄),evil(邪惡的),selfish(自私的),disgusting(令人厭惡的)goodexcellent(優(yōu)秀的),awesome(令人驚嘆的),outstanding(杰出的)poorimpoverished(赤貧的),needy(貧困的),poverty-stricken(一貧如洗的)veryterribly(極度地),extremely(極其),highly(非常),greatly(大大地)allcompletely(徹底地),absolutely(絕對地),fully(充分地)onlymerely(只不過),solely(單獨地；唯一地)即時演練1結(jié)合語境，將句中籠統(tǒng)詞替換成具體詞以優(yōu)化表達(dá)1．IdecidedthatIamverybad.I'vebeenmainlyconcernedwithmyself.→IdecidedthatIamveryselfish.I'vebeenmainlyconcernedwithmyself.2．Itwasonlyaflickeroflightinthedistance,yetitfilledthemwithhope.→Itwasmerelyaflickeroflightinthedistance,yetitfilledthemwithhope.3．Feelingtiredandhelpless,Mauroleftagoodbyenotetohiswifeonthewallofthetombandpreparedtomeethisuntimelyend.→Feelingexhaustedanddesperate,Mauroleftagoodbyenotetohiswifeonthewallofthetombandpreparedtomeethisuntimelyend.4．Seeingthis,theguyquicklyletgoofKimandbrokeintoarun.→Seeingthis,theguyhurriedlyletgoofKimandbrokeintoarun.5．Throughthisunforgettableandremarkablething,iteventuallydawnedonmethatnothingisdifficultwithawillingheart.→Throughthisunforgettableandremarkableevent/experience,iteventuallydawnedonmethatnothingisdifficultwithawillingheart.類型2單詞變短語用意思相同或相近的短語替換單詞，可以達(dá)到優(yōu)化表達(dá)的效果。較為常見的是將動詞替換成動詞短語，也有一些將副詞替換成副詞短語、介詞替換成介詞短語的情況，將形容詞替換成“of＋名詞”的情況也比較常見，例如：valuable→ofgreatvalue?，F(xiàn)將一些高頻的單詞替換成短語的情況歸納如下：單詞短語likehaveapassionforbegingetdowntousemakeuseofdesirelongfordecidemakeupone'smind,bedeterminedtocryburstintotearsmeetcomeacrossthink(認(rèn)為)holdtheviewbearputupwithaffecthaveaneffect/influenceonrememberbear...inmindownbeinpossessionofbelievebeconvincedoftiredwornoutstresslayemphasisonsolveworkout,figureoutreplacetaketheplaceofseecatchsightofsuitbesuitableforrefuseturndownattractappealtousuallymoreoftenthannotaboutwithregardtofinallyintheend,atlengthimportantofimportance即時演練2結(jié)合語境，將單詞替換成短語以優(yōu)化表達(dá)1．Usually,hewouldwalkalonebythelakeinadaze.Moreoftenthannot2．Ithasgivenusaricherunderstandingofcertainlearningmechanisms,particularlyaboutnon-humans.withregardto3．TheminuteIheardthefirstnoteofhervoice，Icried.burstintotears4．Rememberthattheruleswe'retalkingaboutherearenotrulesyouexplicitlyknow.Bearinmind5．Keepaneyeoutforthebeautiful,observetheunusual,andseethesurprising.catchsightof6．Itisimportanttokeepcalminsuchanemergenc