PeriodThreeDiscoveringUsefulStructures—Pastparticiples(1)astheattributeandtheobjectplement感知以下句子，完成方框下的小題1．Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname：“theUnitedKingdom”or“theUK”．2．Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.3．TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland，andmadechangestothelegalsystem.4．Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.5．JudyandIhadourcarparkedinanundergroundcarparknearTrafalgarSquare，wherewecouldgetourcarbatterycharged.6．Whenwefinallyreachedtheservicedesktoaskforaudioguides，wehearditannouncedthattherewerenoaudioguidesleft.1．句1和2中加黑詞匯在句中作定語(yǔ)。句1中為前置定語(yǔ)，句2中為后置定語(yǔ)。2．句3、4、5和6中加黑詞匯在句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。3．過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)與賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。一、過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1．過(guò)去分詞用在表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞keep，leave等詞的后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice，leavingthebreakfastuntouched.他起床晚了，沒(méi)吃早飯就匆忙去上班了。2．過(guò)去分詞用在使役動(dòng)詞have/get和make的后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。(1)“have/get＋賓語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去分詞”可以表示兩種含義：“讓別人做某事”或“遭遇到某種不幸”。Clairehadherluggagecheckedanhourbeforeherplaneleft.在飛機(jī)起飛前一個(gè)小時(shí)克萊兒對(duì)行李進(jìn)行了安檢。Whiletheywereonholiday，theyhadtheircarbrokeninto.他們?cè)诙燃贂r(shí)，汽車(chē)被撬開(kāi)了。(2)在“make＋賓語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去分詞”這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞表示結(jié)果。TheymanagedtomakethemselvesunderstoodbyusingverysimpleEnglish.他們用很淺易的英語(yǔ)來(lái)設(shè)法使自己被理解。3．感官動(dòng)詞see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后，可用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Whenwesawtheroadblockedwithsnow，wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.當(dāng)我們看到道路被雪封住后，我們決定在家過(guò)假期。Thenextmorningpeoplefoundtheworldoutsidetheirhousespletelychanged.第二天早上，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們房子外面的世界全變了樣。4．表示“意愿；命令”的動(dòng)詞，如like，want，wish，expect，order等可用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Themanagerorderedtheworkfinishedattheendofthisweek.經(jīng)理要求在本周末完成這項(xiàng)工作。5．過(guò)去分詞用在“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy，withadiningtablealreadylaidforamealtobecooked.客廳既干凈又整潔，已擺好了餐桌準(zhǔn)備盛放待煮的飯菜。Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner，andwithhisworkfinished，hegladlyacceptedit.約翰收到一份宴請(qǐng)函而且他的工作也做完了，他就欣然接受了邀請(qǐng)。6．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1)感官動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))see，watch，observe，lookat，notice，hear，listento，feel等的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主要有三種形式，試比較(以hear為例)：hear＋賓語(yǔ)＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(doingsth.聽(tīng)到……正在做……主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行,dosth.聽(tīng)到……做了……主動(dòng)、完成,done聽(tīng)到……被做被動(dòng)、完成或無(wú)時(shí)間性))IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.昨天經(jīng)過(guò)她房間時(shí)，我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她正在唱英文歌。(主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行)IheardhersinganEnglishsongjustnow.剛才我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她唱了一首英文歌。(主動(dòng)、完成)TolearnEnglishwell，weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglishspokenasmuchaspossible.為了學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，我們應(yīng)該盡可能多地聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)。(被動(dòng)、無(wú)時(shí)間性)(2)使役動(dòng)詞make，have，get，keep后加復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的比較make＋賓語(yǔ)＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth.讓……做某事主動(dòng),done讓……被做被動(dòng)))Theshockingnewsmademerealizewhatterribleproblemswewouldface.這令人震驚的消息使我意識(shí)到我們將面臨多么可怕的問(wèn)題。Imademyselfknowntothemfirstandthenwetalkedaboutourhobbies.我先向他們作了自我介紹，然后我們談?wù)摿俗约旱膼?ài)好。have＋賓語(yǔ)＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth.使……做某事主動(dòng),doingsth.使……持續(xù)做某事主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行,done使……被做被動(dòng)))Motherhadmegototheshopandbuysomesalt.媽媽讓我去商店買(mǎi)些食鹽。Hehaduslaughingallthroughthemeal.整頓飯下來(lái)他讓我們笑個(gè)不停。Myeldersisterhadherwalletstolenonabuslastmonth.上個(gè)月，我姐姐的錢(qián)包在公共汽車(chē)上被偷了。get＋賓語(yǔ)＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.使……做某事主動(dòng),doingsth.使……開(kāi)始做某事主動(dòng),done使……被做被動(dòng)))Hegotmetoposttheletterforhim.他讓我替他寄信。Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開(kāi)始朝前線(xiàn)行進(jìn)。I’llgetmycellphonerepairedtomorrow.我明天要(請(qǐng)人)修一下我的。keep＋賓語(yǔ)＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(doingsth.使……一直做某事主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行,done使……被做被動(dòng)))I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。Shekepthereyesshutandstayedwhereshewas.她緊閉雙眼，待在原地未動(dòng)。(3)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的比較with＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb.

/sth.

doing主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行,sth.

done被動(dòng)、完成,sth.

todo表示將來(lái)))WeChatislikeapublicnetwork，withpeoplesharinginformationpublicly；whatevertheysayorpublishcanbeseenbyeverybody.微信像是一個(gè)公開(kāi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，人們公開(kāi)分享信息，不管他們說(shuō)什么、發(fā)布什么，大家都可以看到。Withagreatweighttakenoffhermind，shepassedallthetestssuccessfully.由于放下了極大的思想包袱，她成功地通過(guò)了所有考試。Withalotofworktodo，shewasn’tallowedtoleaveheroffice.由于有許多工作要做，她不被允許離開(kāi)辦公室。二、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)1．過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的位置(1)前置定語(yǔ)一般情況下，單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作前置定語(yǔ)，即放在所修飾詞之前。Thepollutedwaterwastoblameforthespreadofcholera.被污染的水造成了霍亂的傳播。Thecuredanimalswillbereleasedsoon.痊愈的動(dòng)物會(huì)很快被釋放。[名師點(diǎn)津]①有些過(guò)去分詞表示特定含義時(shí)，單獨(dú)作定語(yǔ)放在所修飾的名詞之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所給的)，concerned(有關(guān)的)等。Therearefewtigersleft.Itistimeforthedepartmentsconcernedtotakemeasurestoprotectthemfromdyingout.剩余的老虎不多了，是相關(guān)當(dāng)局采取措施保護(hù)它們免遭滅絕的時(shí)候了。②如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no與thing/body/one所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞或指示代詞those等，單個(gè)分詞放在被修飾詞的后面。Isthereanythingunsolved?還有什么沒(méi)解決的嗎？(2)后置定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)往往作后置定語(yǔ)，即放在所修飾詞之后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。LastTuesdayinamountainousarea，therewereatotalof173sheepkilledalmostimmediately(＝whichwerekilledalmostimmediately)whenlightningstruck.上周二在一個(gè)山區(qū)，當(dāng)雷擊發(fā)生時(shí)有173只羊即刻被雷電擊死。2．過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的意義(1)及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，在語(yǔ)態(tài)上表示被動(dòng)；在時(shí)間上，常表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，有時(shí)也不表示時(shí)間性。Trucksandbusesweredrivenongascarriedinlargebagsontheroof.(表示被動(dòng))卡車(chē)與公共汽車(chē)皆燒煤氣，煤氣裝在車(chē)頂上的大袋中。Theplanputforwardatthemeetingwillbecarriedoutsoon.(表示被動(dòng)和完成)會(huì)上提出的計(jì)劃將很快被執(zhí)行。(2)不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，它不表示被動(dòng)意義，只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成。Ourretiredsoccercoachwenttowatchusplayagamelastweek.上周我們已退休的足球教練去看我們打了一場(chǎng)比賽。Therisensunisshiningbrightlyinthemorning.早上已升起的太陽(yáng)正明亮地閃耀。3．過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別意義形式語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)完成現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)進(jìn)行Asweallknow，Chinaisadevelopingcountry.眾所周知，中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家。Thevisitorcamefromadevelopedcountry.這位游客來(lái)自一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。4．過(guò)去分詞(done)、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(beingdone)與動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(tobedone)作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別意義形式語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)done被動(dòng)完成beingdone被動(dòng)進(jìn)行tobedone被動(dòng)尚未發(fā)生Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourclassroombuilding.去年建造的樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourclassroombuilding.現(xiàn)在正在建造的樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthisourclassroombuilding.下個(gè)月將要建造的樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespeciallydesigned(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.(2019·天津)2．Hewalkedintotheroomquietlyinordernottomakehimselfnoticed(notice)．3．China’simageisimprovingsteadily，withmorecountriesrecognizingitsroleininternationalaffairs.(2019·江蘇)4．OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents’gradesimproved(improve)alittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.(2019·浙江)5．Thevillagerssawthefireburningbrightlyinthedistance.Whentheyhurriedthere，theyfoundsomehousesburned/burnttothegroundalready.(burn)6．Onthebankoftheriver，wefoundhimlying(lie)onabench，withhiseyesfixed(fix)onakiteinthesky.7．Datacollected(collect)fromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped，withverylowerrorrates.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ)8．Therearestillmanyproblemsto

be

solved(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.9．EarthDay，marked(mark)on22April，isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.(2019·北京)10．Eventhoughitisstillinsummer，therearemanyfallen(fall)leavesontheground.Ⅱ.完成句子11．Theplayersselected

from

the

whole

countryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.人們期待這些選拔于全國(guó)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員在夏季比賽中能給我們帶來(lái)榮耀。12．Asforthephenomenonmentioned

above，somepeoplesupportitwhileothersdonot.關(guān)于上文提到的現(xiàn)象，有些人支持，而有些人反對(duì)。13．Nowadays，moreandmorepeopleliketohuntforwhattheywantattaobaoandhave

them

deliveredbytheexpresspany.現(xiàn)在，越來(lái)越多的人喜歡在淘寶網(wǎng)上“淘”東西，然后讓快遞公司郵寄。14．Ifyouwanttomake

yourself

respected，youareabovealltorespectyourself.如果你想讓自己被尊重，你必須首先尊重自己。15．Whenhewokeup，hefound

himself

surrounded

by

a

group

of

children.當(dāng)他醒來(lái)時(shí)，他發(fā)覺(jué)一群孩子圍著他?；A(chǔ)鞏固Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproductsdeveloped(develop)aftergreateffort.2．Beforetheshow，hundredsofexcited(excite)visitorswaitedintheirseatseagerly.3．Inthejobinterviews，someapplicantsoftenfindthemselvesasked(ask)unexpectedquestions，someverydifficulttoanswer.4．—Doyouthinkyoucouldgetthispackagemailed(mail)forme，please?—Noproblem!5．Withtheworkfinished(finish)，theywenttotheseasideforaholiday.6．Thepolicepromisedthattheywouldkeeptherelativesofthevictiminformed(inform)ofeverythingabouttheinvestigation.7．Thegirlansweredthequestioninsuchalowvoicethatshecouldn’tmakeherselfheard(hear)byothers.8．Wefoundourselvesshocked(shock)bythelargenumberofvisitors.Ⅱ.單句寫(xiě)作9．我對(duì)金庸寫(xiě)的小說(shuō)很感興趣。I

am

very

interested

in

novels

written

by

Jin

Yong.10．在回家的路上她發(fā)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)鏈不見(jiàn)了。She

found

her

necklace

gone

on

her

way

home.11．當(dāng)他醒來(lái)時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一群孩子圍著。(find)When

he

woke

up，he

found

himself

surrounded

by

a

group

of

children.12．那是些歷史遺留問(wèn)題。These

are

problems

left

over

by

history.13．解決這一問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵就是滿(mǎn)足顧客提出的要求。They

key

to

solving

the

problem

is

to

meet

the

demands

made

by

the

customers.能力提升Ⅲ.閱讀理解A(2019·黑龍江鶴崗高一下期末)Livinginaforeignculturecanbeexciting，butitcanalsobeconfusing(令人迷惑的)．AgroupofAmericanswhotaughtEnglishinothercountriesrecentlydiscussedtheirexperiences.Theyfoundthatmismunicationwasalwayspossible，evenoversomethingassimpleas“yes”and“no”．OnherfirstdayinMicronesia，anislandinthePacific，Lisathoughtpeopleweren’tpayinganyattentiontoher.Thedaywashot.Shewentintoastoreandasked，“Doyouhavecolddrinks？”Thewomantheredidn’tsayanything.Lisarepeatedthequestion.Stillthewomansaidnothing.Shelaterlearnedthatthewomanhadansweredher.Shehadraisedhereyebrows(眉毛)，whichinMicronesiameans“yes”．JanrememberedanexperienceshehadinBulgaria，acountryinEurope.Shewenttoarestaurantthatwasfamousforitscabbage.Sheaskedthewaiter，“Doyouhavecabbagetoday？”Henoddedhishead.Janwaited，butthecabbagenevercame.Inthatcountry，anodmeans“no”．TomhadasimilarproblemwhenhearrivedinIndia.Afterexplainingsomethinginclass，heaskedhisstudentsiftheyunderstood.Theyansweredwithmanydifferentnodsandshakesofthehead.Hethoughtsomepeoplehadnotunderstood，soheexplainedagain.Whenheaskedagain，theydidthesamething.Hesoonfoundoutthathisstudentsdidunderstand.InIndia，peoplenodandshaketheirheadsindifferentwaysdependingonwheretheyefrom.Youhavetoknowwhereapersonisfromtounderstandwhethertheymean“yes”or“no”．語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了不同文化下的人們表達(dá)“是”或“不是”的方式也不同。14．TheAmericansteachingEnglishinothercountriesfoundthatthey

.A．hadproblemswithmunicationB．neededtolearnforeignlanguagesC．shouldoftendiscusstheirexperiencesD．shouldgoabroadforvacations答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theyfoundthatmismunicationwasalwayspossible，evenoversomethingassimpleas‘yes’and‘no’．”可知，在外國(guó)教英語(yǔ)的美國(guó)人發(fā)現(xiàn)像“是”和“不是”這樣簡(jiǎn)單的溝通失誤時(shí)有發(fā)生，也就是他們發(fā)現(xiàn)溝通有問(wèn)題，故選A項(xiàng)。15．PeopleinMicronesiashow“yes”by

.A．noddingheadsB．raisingeyebrowsC．shakingheadsD．saying“no”答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Shehadraisedhereyebrows(眉毛)，whichinMicronesiameans‘yes’．”可知，密克羅尼西亞人用抬眉毛表示“是”，故B項(xiàng)正確。16．Tommisunderstoodhisclassatfirstbecause

.A．hedidn’tknowwherethestudentscamefromB．hedidn’texplaineverythingclearlyenoughC．somestudentsdidn’tunderstandhisquestionsD．hedidnotknowmuchaboutIndianculture答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“InIndia，peoplenodandshaketheirheadsindifferentwaysdependingonwheretheyefrom.Youhavetoknowwhereapersonisfromtounderstandwhethertheymean‘yes’or‘no’．”可知，Tom最初誤解了學(xué)生們的意思是因?yàn)樗涣私庥《鹊奈幕?，故D項(xiàng)正確。17．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothispassage?A．InBulgaria，noddingheadsmeans“no”．B．JantaughtEnglishonaPacificisland.C．Lisawastryingtobuysomecabbage.D．InIndia，onlyshakingheadsmeans“yes”．答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inthatcountry，anodmeans‘no’”可知，在保加利亞，點(diǎn)頭意味著“不是”，故A項(xiàng)正確。BAsnowboarderwasfeelingluckytobealiveyesterdayafterahelicopterrescue(直升機(jī)營(yíng)救)．BenAkintola,30，wassnowboardingintheFrenchAlpsunderaclearblueskyintheafternoonwhenalargeamountofsnowfelldownthesideofthemountain.Hedidn’thavetimetoescape(逃脫)andithithimwithfullforceandknockedhimsenseless.Hewokeinthemiddleofthenightintotaldarkness.Hewaslyingonanicyrock.Amazingly，hestillhadamobilephonesignal(信號(hào))，sohecalledafriendathousandkilometersawayinBritain.HisfriendcalledtheFrenchrescueservices.“Iwaswaitingforwhatseemedlikehoursonthatrock.IwasbeginningtogiveuphopewhenIheardthesoundofahelicopter.Itwascirclingaroundinthedarkness，lookingforme.Iwastryingmybesttowavemymobilearound.Fortunatelythehelicopterpilotsawthelight.”“Iwasoverjoyedwhenthehelicopterheadedmyway.Itstayedabovemeandbeganloweringarope.”Benwasinhospitallastnightbuthewasnotbeingtreatedforanyseriousinjuries.He’slookingforwardtogoinghometoday.TheFrenchrescueservicessaid：“WewereverypleasedthatwewereabletosaveBen.Theriskofsnowslideoff-piste(非滑雪場(chǎng)地的)ismuchhigheratthistimeofyear.Allsnowboardersandskiersshouldstayontheskirunsandnotgooff-piste.Benwasverylucky.”語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了一名滑雪者在阿爾卑斯山遭遇雪崩后被營(yíng)救的故事。18．WhathappenedtoBen?A．HegotlostintheFrenchAlps.B．Hehadasnowboardingaccident.C．Hewasseparatedfromhisfriends.D．Hewasknockeddownbyfallingrocks.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Hedidn’thavetimetoescape(逃脫)andithithimwithfullforceandknockedhimsenseless.”以及文章接下來(lái)描述的內(nèi)容可知，Ben在阿爾卑斯山的法國(guó)區(qū)域出了事故。19．TheFrenchrescueserviceslearnedaboutBen’sdifficulty

.A．fromhisfriendB．intheearlyafternoonC．a(chǎn)fterreceivinghiscallD．whenseeinghismobile答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段末句“HisfriendcalledtheFrenchrescueservices.”可知答案。20．HowdidBenfeelaboutthewait?A．Itmadehimstronginthedarkness.B．Itcausedhimtohopeforthebest.C．Itwasshorterthanheexpected.D．Itwasalittlediscouraging.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Iwaswaitingforwhatseemedlikehoursonthatrock.Iwasbeginningtogiveuphope...”可知，Ben在漫長(zhǎng)的等待過(guò)程中開(kāi)始有點(diǎn)灰心和失望。21．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．ALuckyEscapeB．ARockyMountainC．RisksofSnowboardingD．FrenchRescueServices答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。文章首段“Asnowboarderwasfeelingluckytobealiveyesterdayafterahelicopterrescue(直升機(jī)營(yíng)救)．”為全文的中心思想，下文圍繞此話(huà)題展開(kāi)敘述。由此可知，A項(xiàng)作標(biāo)題合適。Ⅳ.七選五Rugby(英式橄欖球)lookslikeamixtureofsoccerandAmericanfootball.Inrugby，playerscarrytheball，kicktheballandtackle(攔截)oneanother.Men，womenandchildrenplayitinmorethan120countries.

22

Oneoftheschool’sstudents，ayoungmannamedWillianWebbEllis，wasplayinginasoccermatch.Buthegotboredwithjustkickingtheball，sohepickeditupandranwithit.

23

Whentheschool’sstudents