高中英語語法精講精練（2）—定語從句TOC\o"13"\h\u一、高考考查與學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn) 2（一）考查方式 2（二）學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn) 2二、定語從句的定義 2核心概念： 2三要素： 2三、引導(dǎo)詞及用法規(guī)則 3（一）關(guān)系代詞 3（二）關(guān)系副詞 3（三）as的用法 4四、定語從句分類及區(qū)別 6（一）限制性和非限制性定語從句 6（二）as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)分 8五、重點(diǎn)規(guī)則 9（一）that/which/who的特殊用法 9（二）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu) 10（三）特殊先行詞 15六、主謂一致 17（一）基礎(chǔ)用法及例句解析 17（二）特殊情形及易混點(diǎn) 17（三）主謂一致配套練習(xí)題 18七、基礎(chǔ)練習(xí) 19（一）填空題（根據(jù)句意填入合適的關(guān)系詞） 19（二）句子分析題（指出句中定語從句的先行詞、關(guān)系詞及關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分，劃出從句部分） 19（三）句子轉(zhuǎn)換題（用定語從句合并句子） 19八、提升練習(xí)（近五年真題+改編題+模擬題） 19（一）2025年真題 19（二）2024年真題 20（三）2023年真題 20（四）2022年真題改編 20（五）2021年真題改編 20（六）模擬題 21

一、高考考查與學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)（一）考查方式語法填空：重點(diǎn)考查關(guān)系詞的選擇，需根據(jù)先行詞性質(zhì)和從句成分判斷。如2024年全國甲卷語法填空中，通過語境判斷出修飾先行詞“treatment”且在從句中作賓語，需填入that。閱讀理解：作為長難句的重要組成部分，用于修飾名詞或代詞，需準(zhǔn)確拆分從句與主句關(guān)系以理解文意。如2023年新高考2卷閱讀中，含定語從句的句子通過修飾先行詞“situations”，明確具體場景的特征。書面表達(dá)：恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用可豐富句式結(jié)構(gòu)，提升表達(dá)檔次。如2024年全國甲卷書面表達(dá)中，描述“交通發(fā)展”時(shí)，可用定語從句修飾“highspeedtrain”等先行詞，增強(qiáng)語言邏輯性。（二）學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)精準(zhǔn)分析先行詞在從句中的成分（主語、賓語、狀語等），以此確定關(guān)系詞類型（關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞）。牢記特殊用法規(guī)則，如that與which的選用差異、as的固定搭配、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的確定等。結(jié)合近五年真題實(shí)例（如20232024年全國卷、新高考卷、北京卷、浙江卷），歸納高頻考點(diǎn)和命題規(guī)律。針對性練習(xí)寫作中定語從句的運(yùn)用，避免出現(xiàn)關(guān)系詞冗余、成分殘缺等錯(cuò)誤。二、定語從句的定義核心概念：修飾名詞或代詞的從句，相當(dāng)于形容詞。三要素：先行詞：被修飾的名詞/代詞關(guān)系詞：連接主句和從句（that/which/who等）功能：在從句中作主語、賓語、狀語等真題例句（2024年全國甲卷語法填空）：Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmentthattheywant.（先行詞：thetreatment；關(guān)系詞：that；從句修飾“治療方式”，說明是“他們想要的治療”）三、引導(dǎo)詞及用法規(guī)則（一）關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞指代對象從句中成分真題例句（2023年新高考2卷）who人主語/賓語（不作介賓）Thegirlwhoistalkingtotheteacherismysister.whom人賓語Theman(whom)youmetyesterdayisadoctor.which物主語/賓語ThecarwhichisredbelongstoTom.that人/物主語/賓語Thisisthemuseumthatwevisitedlastweek.whose人/物定語Thehousewhosewindowsareopenismine.應(yīng)用練習(xí)Thewoman______issittingunderthetreeismyaunt.Thestudent______theteacherpraisedyesterdayisveryhardworking.Thisisthebook______Iborrowedfromthelibrarylastweek.Thegirl______motherisadoctorstudiesverywell.Theflowers______areinthevasewereboughtthismorning.（二）關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞指代對象從句中成分真題例句（2024年全國甲卷）where地點(diǎn)名詞地點(diǎn)狀語ThisistheschoolwhereIstudied.when時(shí)間名詞時(shí)間狀語Irememberthedaywhenwefirstmet.why原因名詞（reason）原因狀語Thereasonwhyhewaslateisclear.應(yīng)用練習(xí)Istillrememberthecity______Iwasborn.Doyouknowtheyear______thePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded?Thereason______hewasabsentfromthemeetingisunknown.Thisisthepark______weoftenhaveapicniconweekends.Ican'tforgetthetime______wespenttogetherinthecountryside.（三）as的用法用法場景真題示例（2023年全國乙卷）same...assuch...assame...as,such...as）Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.非限制性定語從句（表“正如”）Asweallknow,theearthisround.1.限制性定語從句中as的用法as在限制性定語從句中，主要用于一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)as既可以指人，也可以指物，在從句中可作主語、賓語或表語。1.1thesame...as結(jié)構(gòu)該結(jié)構(gòu)中，as指代先行詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)“與……同樣的”，而非“同一個(gè)”。例句：ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.（這支筆和我昨天丟的那支一樣，并非同一支，as在從句中作賓語）真題拓展：Heboughtthesamecarashisbrotherhad.（他買了一輛和他哥哥一樣的車）1.2such...as結(jié)構(gòu)此結(jié)構(gòu)中，such修飾先行詞，as引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代先行詞，在從句中可作成分。真題示例（2023年全國乙卷）：Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.（as在從句中作賓語，指代acleverboy）例句：Weneedsuchmaterialsascanstandhightemperature.（我們需要能耐高溫的這種材料，as在從句中作主語）1.3as...as結(jié)構(gòu)用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中，第二個(gè)as引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代先行詞。例句：Sheisaskindagirlasyoucanwishtomeet.（她是你能希望遇到的那種善良的女孩，as在從句中作賓語）2.非限制性定語從句中as的用法as在非限制性定語從句中，指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，在從句中可作主語、賓語或表語，意為“正如、正像”，常與一些固定短語搭配，且位置靈活，可位于句首、句中或句末。2.1常見固定搭配固定搭配例句as在從句中所作成分asweknow（正如我們所知）Asweknow,Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.賓語asisknowntoall（眾所周知）Asisknowntoall,thesunrisesintheeast.主語asoftenhappens（正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣）Hewaslateforschool,asoftenhappens.主語asweexpected（正如我們所預(yù)料的）Hepassedtheexam,asweexpected.賓語ashasbeenmentioned（正如已提及的）Ashasbeenmentioned,safetyisthemostimportant.主語asmaybeimagined（正如可以想象的那樣）Thejourneywaslong,asmaybeimagined.主語asweallcansee（正如我們都能看到的）Asweallcansee,theenvironmentisgettingbetter.賓語asisoftenthecase（情況常常是這樣）Hewasabsent,asisoftenthecase.主語2.2位置特點(diǎn)位于句首：Ashasbeensaidbefore,practicemakesperfect.（正如之前所說，熟能生巧）位于句中：Theexperiment,aswehadhoped,wasasuccess.（正如我們所希望的，這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)成功了）位于句末：Hewasnotagainsttheplan,asIcouldseefromhisexpression.（他不反對這個(gè)計(jì)劃，這從我能從他的表情看出來，as在從句中作賓語）3.針對性練習(xí)Thisissuchadifficultproblem______noonecansolve.______isreportedinthenewspaper,anewschoolwillbebuilthere.Heworethesamehat______hehadonyesterday.Sheisakindgirl,______everyonelikes.______oftenhappens,peoplewithgoodintentionsmaydobadthings.______hasbeenmentioned,weneedtoworktogether.Thetaskwasdifficult,______maybeimagined.四、定語從句分類及區(qū)別（一）限制性和非限制性定語從句區(qū)別維度限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句意義對先行詞起限定作用，不可或缺，去掉后句意不完整對先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作用，去掉后句意仍完整位置與逗號緊跟先行詞，無逗號分隔與先行詞之間有逗號分隔，可置于句中或句末先行詞多為名詞或代詞（具體人/物）可指名詞、代詞，或整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容可修飾對象僅修飾先行詞（單個(gè)名詞/代詞）可修飾先行詞或整個(gè)主句引導(dǎo)詞可用that和why，關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可省略不可用that和why(但可用forwhich)，關(guān)系詞不可省略真題例句2023新高考2卷：Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyremembered.2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷：TheSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhouse,whichguidesvisitorsthroughtwelveregions,offersover300plantspecies.1.意義及句意完整性解析限制性定語從句：例句：ThestudentswhoarefromClass1willtakepartinthepetition.解析：從句“whoarefromClass1”限定先行詞“thestudents”，明確是“一班的學(xué)生”，若去掉從句，“Thestudentswilltakepartinthepetition”句意不明確，不知道是哪些學(xué)生，因此該從句不可或缺。非限制性定語從句：例句：Mybrother,whoisadoctor,worksinBeijing.解析：從句“whoisadoctor”補(bǔ)充說明先行詞“mybrother”的職業(yè)，去掉從句后，“MybrotherworksinBeijing”句意仍完整，不影響基本意思表達(dá)。2.位置與逗號解析限制性定語從句：例句：ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtenyearsago.解析：從句緊跟先行詞“thehouse”，兩者之間無逗號分隔，緊密相連，體現(xiàn)限定關(guān)系。非限制性定語從句：例句：WevisitedtheGreatWall,whichisoneofthewondersoftheworld.解析：從句與先行詞“TheGreatWall”之間有逗號分隔，從句位于句末，對先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。3.先行詞及修飾對象解析限制性定語從句：例句：IlikebooksthatarewrittenbyMoYan.解析：先行詞是“books”（具體事物），從句僅修飾“books”，限定是“莫言寫的書”。非限制性定語從句：例句：Hefailedtheexam,whichmadehisparentsangry.解析：先行詞是前面整個(gè)主句“Hefailedtheexam”，從句修飾整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，說明這件事帶來的結(jié)果。4.引導(dǎo)詞解析限制性定語從句：例1：Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslateisthathemissedthebus.（可用why或者forwhich）例2：Thisisthepen(that)Iboughtyesterday.（關(guān)系代詞作賓語可省略）非限制性定語從句：例1：Thereason,forwhichhewaslate,isnotclear.（不可用why，需用forwhich）例2：Shehasanewcar,whichisveryexpensive.（關(guān)系詞which不可省略）5.針對性練習(xí)Thegirl______iswearingareddressismysister.（限制性，用適當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞）Myhometown,______isinthesouthofChina,isverybeautiful.（非限制性，用適當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞）Thisisthebestfilm______Ihaveeverseen.（限制性，用適當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞）Hepassedtheexam,______surprisedallofus.（非限制性，用適當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞）Iknowtheboy______youaretalkingabout.（限制性，用適當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞，可省略）Thebook,______Iborrowedfromthelibrary,isveryinteresting.（非限制性，用適當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞）（二）as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)分1.核心區(qū)別對比表區(qū)分維度as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置分布可位于句首、句中、句末僅可位于句中、句末（不可位于句首）指代內(nèi)容指代整個(gè)主句，表“正如、正像”，多為已知/預(yù)料中的情況可指代整個(gè)主句或主句部分內(nèi)容，表“這/這件事”，多為偶然/意外情況固定搭配常與see/know/expect等動詞搭配（如asweknow）無固定搭配，需根據(jù)句意判斷語義傾向強(qiáng)調(diào)“符合預(yù)期”，多含正向暗示強(qiáng)調(diào)“客觀事實(shí)”，可表正向或負(fù)向含義2.不同情形例句2.1位置差異句首：Asisreported,theprojectwillbepletednextyear.（正確，as可位于句首）句首：Whichisreported,theprojectwillbepletednextyear.（錯(cuò)誤，which不可位于句首）句末：Hepassedtheexam,asweexpected.（正確，as可位于句末）句末：Hepassedtheexam,whichsurprisedus.（正確，which可位于句末）2.2指代內(nèi)容差異as指代整體（預(yù)料中）：Shewontheprize,asweallthought.（正如我們所想，她獲獎了）which指代整體（意外）：Shewontheprize,whichnooneexpected.（她獲獎了，沒人預(yù)料到）which指代部分：Heboughtanewcar,whichcost300,000yuan.（which指代anewcar）2.3搭配差異as固定搭配：Ashasbeenmentionedabove,safetyisthefirstpriority.（正如上文所述）which無搭配：Themeetingwascancelled,whichmadeeveryoneupset.（會議取消了，這讓大家很沮喪）3.針對性練習(xí)______isoftensaid,practicemakesperfect.Hewaslateagain,______madehisteacherangry.Thenovel,______Ifinishedlastweek,isveryinteresting.______wehadfeared,thestormcausedgreatdamage.ShespeaksfluentEnglish,______isobviousfromherspeech.五、重點(diǎn)規(guī)則（一）that/which/who的特殊用法1.只能用that的情況用法場景例句先行詞為不定代詞（all,everything等）Allthatweneedistime.（2023全國甲卷）先行詞被序數(shù)詞、最高級修飾ThisisthebestfilmthatI’veeverseen.（2023全國甲卷）先行詞既有人又有物Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyremembered.（2023新高考2卷）先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾ThisistheonlybookthatIneed.（模擬）主句以who/which開頭的疑問句Whoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?（模擬）2.只能用which的情況用法場景例句引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句Sheboughtanewbike,whichcost2000yuan.（2023浙江1月卷改編）介詞后指物ThisisthehouseinwhichIlived.（模擬）先行詞是thatWhat’sthatwhichyouhaveinyourhand?（模擬）3.只能用who的情況用法場景例句先行詞為指人的不定代詞（someone,those等）Thosewhobreakthelawmustbepunished.therebe句型中先行詞指人Thereisaboywhowantstojoinourclub.非限制性定語從句中指人作主語LiMing,whoismyfriend,willstudyabroad.4.練習(xí)All______weneedistime.（2023全國甲卷）Sheboughtanewbike,______cost2000yuan.（2023浙江1月卷改編）Those______wanttogopleasesignhere.（模擬）Thisisthebestfilm______I’veeverseen.（2023全國甲卷）Everything______hesaidatthemeetingwastrue.Thefirstthing______weshoulddoistoprotecttheenvironment.Myfatherandhisfactory______youvisitedlastweekareveryfamous.Thisistheverybook______Ihavebeenlookingfor.Whichisthecar______wasmadeinGermany?Thenovel,______ispopularamongteenagers,waswrittenbyayoungwriter.Isthereanyone______knowstheanswertothisquestion?Thereisastudent______wantstoseeyou.ZhangWei,______isourmonitor,willtakepartinthepetition.What’sthat______isflyinginthesky?（二）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)1.核心構(gòu)成與適用對象“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)由“介詞+whom/which/whose”構(gòu)成，用于引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作狀語。具體適用對象如下：指人：使用“介詞+whom”指物：使用“介詞+which”表所屬關(guān)系（人/物）：使用“介詞+whose”（可轉(zhuǎn)換為“the+名詞+of+whom/which”）2介詞選擇的依據(jù)2.1根據(jù)定語從句中動詞的固定搭配介詞需與從句中的謂語動詞構(gòu)成固定短語，常見搭配如talkwith、dependon、referto等。真題例句（2023年1月浙江卷）：ThemanwithwhomItalkedismyteacher.（talkwithsb.搭配）模擬例句：Thisisthestudenttowhomtheteacherreferredyesterday.（referto搭配）2.2根據(jù)先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配介詞需符合先行詞的常用介詞搭配，如onthefarm、inthehouse、atthetime等。模擬例句：Thefarmonwhichtheyworkedtenyearsagohaschangedalot.（onthefarm搭配）真題例句（改編）：Doyourememberthedayonwhichwevisitedthemuseum?（ontheday搭配）2.3根據(jù)句子的具體語義介詞需根據(jù)句意表達(dá)的邏輯關(guān)系選擇，如with（用）、through（通過）、without（沒有）等。模擬例句：Thepenwithwhichheiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.（with表示“使用工具”）真題例句（改編）：Hemadeaholeinthewall,throughwhichhecouldseeoutside.（through表示“通過”）2.4介詞選擇的依據(jù)練習(xí)題Thescientist______whomweoftenturnforhelpisverykind.Thisisthefactory______whichmyfatherhasworkedfor20years.Iwillneverforgettheday______whichIjoinedtheParty.Thehouse______whichthewindowsfacesouthismine.Heistheboy______whomIlentmybikeyesterday.Thereare50studentsinourclass,twothirds______whomaregirls.Thetool______whichheisworkingiscalledahammer.Thereason______whichhewaslatewasthathemissedthebus.Thebook______whichIgotalotofinformationwaswrittenbyafamouswriter.Theman______whomtheteacheristalkingisourmonitor'sfather.與關(guān)系副詞的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則3.1核心轉(zhuǎn)換邏輯關(guān)系副詞本質(zhì)上是“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的簡化形式，二者在從句中均作狀語，可根據(jù)先行詞性質(zhì)和語境相互替換。轉(zhuǎn)換公式為：關(guān)系副詞=介詞+which（where/when/why分別對應(yīng)不同介詞）。3.2分類型轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則及例句where與“介詞+which”的轉(zhuǎn)換適用先行詞：表示具體地點(diǎn)的名詞（school,city,house等）或抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞（situation,case,point等）。介詞選擇：根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，常用in/on/at/under等。真題例句（2023年新高考1卷）：原句：ThisistheschoolwhereIstudied.轉(zhuǎn)換句：ThisistheschoolinwhichIstudied.（in與school搭配）模擬例句（抽象地點(diǎn)）：原句：Wereachedapointwherewehadtomakeadecision.轉(zhuǎn)換句：Wereachedapointatwhichwehadtomakeadecision.（at與point搭配）模擬例句（具體地點(diǎn)）：原句：Thetablewhereweputthebooksisnew.轉(zhuǎn)換句：Thetableonwhichweputthebooksisnew.（on與table搭配）when與“介詞+which”的轉(zhuǎn)換適用先行詞：表示時(shí)間的名詞（day,year,moment,period等）。介詞選擇：根據(jù)時(shí)間表達(dá)的習(xí)慣搭配，常用in/on/at/during等。時(shí)間表達(dá)的介詞差異時(shí)間類型常用介詞例句（轉(zhuǎn)換形式）具體日期（day）onthedayonwhichwemet（我們相遇的那天）月份/年份intheyearinwhichhewasborn（他出生的年份）時(shí)刻（moment）atthemomentatwhichthebellrang（鈴聲響起的時(shí)刻）時(shí)間段（period）duringtheperiodduringwhichweworked（我們工作的那段時(shí)間）真題例句（2023年全國甲卷改編）：原句：Irememberthedaywhenwefirstmet.轉(zhuǎn)換句：Irememberthedayonwhichwefirstmet.（on與具體日期day搭配）模擬例句（時(shí)間段）：原句：Theyearwhenhewasbornwas1990.轉(zhuǎn)換句：Theyearinwhichhewasbornwas1990.（in與年份year搭配）模擬例句（時(shí)間點(diǎn)）：原句：Themomentwhenthebellrangmadeusexcited.轉(zhuǎn)換句：Themomentatwhichthebellrangmadeusexcited.（at與moment搭配）why與“介詞+which”的轉(zhuǎn)換適用先行詞：僅用于表示原因的名詞reason。介詞固定搭配：只能用for，構(gòu)成“forwhich”。真題例句（2023年北京卷改編）：原句：Thereasonwhyhewaslateisclear.轉(zhuǎn)換句：Thereasonforwhichhewaslateisclear.（for與reason固定搭配）模擬例句：原句：Doyouknowthereasonwhysherefusedtheinvitation?轉(zhuǎn)換句：Doyouknowthereasonforwhichsherefusedtheinvitation?4.關(guān)系副詞與“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”轉(zhuǎn)換配套練習(xí)題Thisisthecity______Iwasborn.I’llneverforgetthemonth______wetraveledtoParis.Isthereanyreason______youchangedyourmind?Thepark______weoftenplaybasketballisnearourschool.Doyourememberthemoment______wefirstsaweachother?Heexplainedthecase______hehadtoleaveearly.Theperiod______weworkedtogetherwasveryhappy.Thisisthehouse______LuXunoncelived.Thereason______hegaveuptheplanisstillunknown.Thepoint______wedisagreedwasaboutthebudget.4.特殊用法4.1“介詞+whose”的轉(zhuǎn)換形式當(dāng)定語從句中需要表達(dá)所屬關(guān)系時(shí)，“whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可與“the+名詞+of+whom/which”進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，兩種形式語義一致，僅結(jié)構(gòu)不同。真題例句（2024年北京卷）：原句：Thebooksonthedesk,whosecoversareshiny,areprizesforus.轉(zhuǎn)換句：Thebooksonthedesk,thecoversofwhichareshiny,areprizesforus.模擬例句（指人）：原句：Theboywhosefatherisadoctorwonthepetition.轉(zhuǎn)換句：Theboythefatherofwhomisadoctorwonthepetition.4.2介詞不可前置的固定短語動詞當(dāng)定語從句中的謂語動詞與介詞構(gòu)成不可分割的固定短語（即短語動詞）時(shí)，介詞不能提前至關(guān)系代詞之前，需保留在動詞之后，此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞可省略（指物用which/that，指人用who/whom/that）。常見短語動詞：lookfor（尋找）、lookafter（照顧）、takecareof（照顧）、belongto（屬于）、dependon（依賴）等。正確例句：Thisisthepatient（whom/who/that）wearelookingafter.錯(cuò)誤例句：Thisisthepatientafterwhomwearelooking.真題拓展：Theoldman（whom）wetakecareoflivesalone.（不可改為Theoldmanofwhomwetakecarelivesalone.）4.3“代詞/數(shù)詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)該結(jié)構(gòu)用于表示“部分與整體”的關(guān)系，其中代詞（some/most/all等）或數(shù)詞（half/onethird等）指代整體中的一部分，關(guān)系代詞指代整體（指人用whom，指物用which）。真題例句（2024年全國二卷改編）：Hewrotemanybooks,nearlyhalfofwhichwerepublishedinthe1990s.（half指代manybooks中的一部分）模擬例句（指人）：Thereare50studentsinourclass,mostofwhomarefromcities.（most指代50students中的大部分）拓展用法：Ihavethreebrothers,noneofwhomisateacher.（none表示“三者及以上都不”）4.4特殊用法配套練習(xí)題Thegirl______motherisadoctorwonthefirstprize.（用“介詞+whose”或轉(zhuǎn)換形式填空）Thisisthebag（______）Iamlookingfor.（填寫關(guān)系代詞，注意介詞是否前置）Hehasmanyhobbies,______readingishisfavorite.（用“代詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”填空）Thepany______myfatherworksisverylarge.（用“介詞+which”填空）Weareinasituation______wehavetoworkhard.（用where或“介詞+which”填空）Theoldman______wetakecareofisover90yearsold.（填寫關(guān)系代詞，注意介詞位置）Ihavetwodictionaries,______oneisEnglishChinese.（用“數(shù)詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”填空）Thebook______coverisblueismine.（用“介詞+whose”或轉(zhuǎn)換形式填空）Thetime______westayedinBeijingwaswonderful.（用“介詞+which”填空）Thereare100workersinthefactory,______40arewomen.（用“數(shù)詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”填空）5.轉(zhuǎn)換注意事項(xiàng)*介詞不可省略在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞是構(gòu)成狀語的必要成分，必須保留，不可遺漏，否則會導(dǎo)致句子成分殘缺。錯(cuò)誤示例：ThisistheuniversitywhichIgraduated.（缺少介詞from）正確示例：ThisistheuniversityfromwhichIgraduated.（graduatefrom為固定搭配）真題驗(yàn)證（2023年浙江1月卷改編）：ThemanwithwhomItalkedismyteacher.（with不可省略，因talkwith為固定搭配）特殊先行詞1.抽象地點(diǎn)的特殊處理當(dāng)先行詞為表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞（如case,situation,point,stage,position、scene、spot、condition、circumstance、state、phase、level等）時(shí)，定語從句需用where或“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)，不可用that/which，此時(shí)where在從句中作抽象意義上的“地點(diǎn)狀語”。例句解析：Wehavereachedastagewhere（atwhich）wemustmakeachoice.（stage為抽象地點(diǎn)，atthestage為固定搭配）Thenoveldescribesascenewhere（inwhich）peoplefoughtforfreedom.（scene表示“情景”，inthescene為搭配）真題示例（2023年全國乙卷）：Weareinasituationwhereweneedtomakeadecisionimmediately.易混對比：Thisisthestagewhich/thatwebuiltlastyear.（此處stage為具體“舞臺”，作從句賓語，可用which/that）Thespotwhich/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamouspark.（spot此處指具體“地點(diǎn)”，作賓語用which/that）2.theway充當(dāng)先行詞作從句的方式狀語當(dāng)先行詞為theway，且在定語從句中作方式狀語時(shí)，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有三種形式：that、inwhich或省略引導(dǎo)詞，三者語義一致，可互換使用。2.1核心用法：①用that引導(dǎo)：Thewaythathesolvedtheproblemisveryclever.②用inwhich引導(dǎo)：ThewayinwhichshespeaksEnglishisbeautiful.③省略引導(dǎo)詞：Thisisthewaywelearngrammar.2.2真題拓展：Theway（that/inwhich）hetreatshisparentsisworthpraising.（2024年某省模擬題改編）2.3易混提示：若theway在從句中作主語或賓語，則需用that/which引導(dǎo)，不可省略。例句：Thewaythat/whichheexplainedyesterdayiswrong.（theway在從句中作賓語）3.特殊先行詞配套練習(xí)題Idon’tliketheway______hetalkstohismother.（用合適的引導(dǎo)詞填空，作方式狀語）Wehaveetoapoint______wemustaccepthisadvice.（抽象地點(diǎn)先行詞）Theway______heproposedatthemeetingwaspractical.（theway作賓語）Thisistheposition______youcangetagoodviewofthecity.（抽象地點(diǎn)先行詞）Shedidn’tunderstandthesituation______wehadtogiveup.（抽象地點(diǎn)先行詞）Thenovelsetsascene______peopleliveinharmonywithnature.（抽象地點(diǎn)先行詞）Weareinacondition______wehavetoworkdayandnight.（抽象地點(diǎn)先行詞）Thephase______childrenlearntowalkisveryimportant.（抽象地點(diǎn)先行詞）六、主謂一致定語從句的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上需與先行詞保持一致，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。（一）基礎(chǔ)用法及例句解析1.核心規(guī)則：無論關(guān)系詞在從句中作何成分，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)均由先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)確定。例句1（先行詞為單數(shù)）：Theboywhoisstandingthereismybrother.（先行詞theboy為單數(shù)，從句謂語用is）例句2（先行詞為復(fù)數(shù)）：Thebookswhichareonthedeskaremine.（先行詞thebooks為復(fù)數(shù)，從句謂語用are）2.真題示例（2024年全國甲卷）：HeisoneofthestudentswhoaregoodatEnglish.（先行詞為students，復(fù)數(shù)，故用are）（二）特殊情形及易混點(diǎn)1.先行詞被“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”修飾此時(shí)先行詞為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，從句謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。例句：ThisisoneofthenovelsthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.（先行詞為novels，復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用were）2.先行詞被“theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”修飾此時(shí)先行詞為theonlyone（單數(shù)），從句謂語用單數(shù)。例句：Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswhohaswontheprize.（先行詞為theonlyone，單數(shù)，謂語用has）3.先行詞為不定代詞（all,everything等）不定代詞作先行詞時(shí)，從句謂語通常用單數(shù)（all指人時(shí)可用復(fù)數(shù)）。例句1：Everythingthatisworthdoingisworthdoingwell.（everything為單數(shù)，謂語用is）例句2：Allwhoarepresentagreewithme.（all指人，復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用are）4.先行詞為集合名詞集合名詞表示整體時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)，表示個(gè)體時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)，定語從句謂語需與之匹配。例句：TheteamwhichisfromBeijingwonthegame.（team表示整體，謂語用is）對比：TheteamwhoarewearingredshirtsarefromShanghai.（team表示隊(duì)員個(gè)體，謂語用are）（三）主謂一致配套練習(xí)題Heisoneoftheteacherswho______(know)French.Thisistheonlyoneoftheroomsthat______(be)freenow.Everythingthat______(happen)intheworldisinteresting.Thefamilywho______(live)nextdoorarefromEngland.Iknowagirlwho______(be)goodatplayingthepiano.Thesearethebookswhich______(belong)toourschoollibrary.Heistheonlystudentwho______(have)passedtheexam.Allthat______(be)neededistime.

七、基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)（一）填空題（根據(jù)句意填入合適的關(guān)系詞）Thisisthepark______wevisitedlastweekend.Thegirl______isstandingatthedoorismycousin.Istillremembertheday______wefirstmet.Thisisthereason______herefusedtoattendthemeeting.Thebook,______coverisblue,belongstomyteacher.Wemetastudent______fatherisafamousscientist.Hetoldusastory______madeeveryonelaugh.Thisisthesamebike______Ilostlastmonth.（二）句子分析題（指出句中定語從句的先行詞、關(guān)系詞及關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分，劃出從句部分）Themanwhoiswearingaredjacketismyuncle.ThisistheschoolwhereIstudiedforsixyears.ShegavemeadictionarywhichIkeeptothisday.Thereasonwhyhewaslateisstillunknown.Mysister,whosehobbyispainting,wonfirstprizeinthepetition.（三）句子轉(zhuǎn)換題（用定語從句合并句子）Shehasafriend.Heisadoctor.Iwillneverforgettheday.Ijoinedtheclubonthatday.Thisisthehouse.LuXunoncelivedinthishouse.

八、提升練習(xí)（近五年真題+改編題+模擬題）I.使用正確的關(guān)系詞填空（一）2025年真題（2025年全國高考一卷）AnexhibitionattheJiushiArtMuseuminShanghaiisfeaturingartworkinspiredbyGo,orweiqiinChinese,______originatedinChinamorethan4,000yearsago.（2025年全國高考二卷）IwasbornandraisedinCleveland,OhiointheUnitedStates.Yetnow,IliveinthecountrysideofZhejiang,ChinawithmyChinesehusbandandhisfamily,______bambooandteabushes(灌木)growwildinthemountains,chickensarealwaysfreerange,andcentralheatingdoesn’texist.（2025年1月浙江首考）Tanyaisalsolookingbeyondspecialoccasiondressestolessformalclothing,______sheplanstopackageascapsulewardrobesandoffertotravellers,suchasthoseheadedtoweddingsabroad,withalongertermrentalperiod.（2025高考北京卷）However,accordingtoareportbytheWorldWildlifeFund,touristsleftover1.3billiontonsoffoodwastelastyear,______accountedforabout8%ofthetotalglobalgasreleasein2024.（2025北京卷）Ilivenextdoortoacouple______childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.（二）2024年真題Theenvironmentisfacingseriousproblems,______affecteveryone’slife.（2024年北京卷）Weliveinaworld______differentculturescoexist.（2024年北京卷）Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastweek.（2024年浙江首考卷）Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfof______werepublishedinthe1990s.（2024年全國二卷改編）______isknowntoall,Englishisimportant.（2024年全國一卷）（三）2023年真題Thereason______hewaslatewasthathemissedthebus.（2023年北京卷改編）Thebooksonthedesk,______coversareshiny,areprizesforus.（2023年全國甲卷）Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings______theyremembered.（2023年新高考2卷）Thisisthebestfilm______I’veeverseen.（2023年全國乙卷）Sheboughtanewbike,______cost2000yuan.（2023年1月