Book1Unit4NaturalDisastersSectionIIReadingandThinking同步測試(解析版)【大單元教學(xué)】2023-2024學(xué)年高一英語同步備課系列（人教版2019必修第一冊）一、完形填空A57-year-oldTongamansurvivedanightintheoceanafteratsunami(海嘯)waveswepthimouttosealastSaturday.LisalaFolauwaspaintinghishouselastSaturday,1hisbrothertoldhimatsunamiwasmovingtowardthesmallislandofAtata.Theislandhasapopulationofabout60.Folauis2andhasdifficultywalking.Heclimbedatreeto3thefirstwavebutwhenhegotdown,anotherbigwave4himaway.Folauwassweptouttoseaatabout7p.m.localtime.Then,he5orswamanothereighthourstoasecond6withnoonelivingonitbeforefinallyswimmingagaintothemainislandofTongatapu.The7lastedmorethan27hoursand87.5kilometres.Folausaidthathewent9ninetimes.Theninthtinehewentunderandcameupand10alog.Andthat’swhatkepthim11.Tonganofficialssaidtheylearnedamanwas12fromAtataislandandtheyweren’tvery13aboutit.TherewasevenavideorecordedbyFolau’sson,whowent14forhisfather.Thevideoshows,thatalmost15wasleftstandingontheislandotherthanachurch,wheremanyofthevillagerstookad16.“It’soneofthese17thathappens,”saidanofficial.ThestoryofFolau’s18wentviralamongTongangroupsonsocialmedia.“ReallifeAquaman,”saidonepost,19thecomicbookandmoviecharacter.When20ifheknewwhoAquamanwas,Folausaidhedidnot.1．A．before B．since C．while D．when2．A．disabled B．depressed C．a(chǎn)stonished D．a(chǎn)nnoyed3．A．observe B．escape C．dismiss D．spy4．A．wore B．put C．swept D．blew5．A．struggled B．dived C．sank D．drifted6．A．church B．island C．log D．distance7．A．experience B．a(chǎn)ccident C．exploration D．challenge8．A．contained B．continued C．spread D．covered9．A．straight B．free C．underwater D．forward10．A．grabbed B．threw C．struck D．chased11．A．waiting B．standing C．resting D．going12．A．injured B．missing C．dangerous D．ridiculous13．A．optimistic B．concerned C．curious D．certain14．A．praising B．a(chǎn)pplying C．searching D．praying15．A．everything B．a(chǎn)nything C．something D．nothing16．A．charge B．shelter C．a(chǎn)ction D．effect17．A．migrations B．mistakes C．miracles D．participants18．A．video B．fiction C．a(chǎn)dventure D．survival19．A．referringto B．leadingto C．takingto D．contributingto20．A．a(chǎn)ccused B．a(chǎn)sked C．doubted D．introduced一、完形填空答案1．D2．A3．B4．C5．D6．B7．A8．D9．C10．A11．D12．B13．A14．C15．D16．B17．C18．D19．A20．B【導(dǎo)語】文章是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了海嘯將一名57歲的湯加男子沖入海中，他在海里度過了一個夜晚后獲救。【解析】1．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：LisalaFolau上周六正在粉刷他的房子，這時他的哥哥告訴他海嘯正在向阿塔塔小島移動。A.before之前；B.since自從，因為；C.while當(dāng)……時候；D.when當(dāng)……時候。此處when為并列連詞，意為“正在這時，突然”。常用于bedoing...when...的句型。故選D項?！窘馕觥?．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：福勞殘疾，行走困難。A.disabled殘疾的；B.depressed抑郁的，沮喪的；C.astonished吃驚的；D.annoyed懊惱的，生氣的。根據(jù)后文“hasdifficultywalking”，故可判斷此處為福勞殘疾，行走困難。故選A項?！窘馕觥?．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他爬上樹躲避第一波浪，但當(dāng)他下來時，另一個大浪把他卷走了。A.observe觀察；B.escape逃脫；C.dismiss開除，解雇；D.spy突然看見，認(rèn)出。根據(jù)常識和上文語境“atsunamiwasmovingtowardthesmallisland”海嘯正在移動到來，可知他爬樹躲避第一波波浪。故選B項。【解析】4．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他爬上樹躲避第一波浪，但當(dāng)他下來時，另一個大浪把他卷走了。A.wore穿；B.put放，安置；C.swept掃除；D.blew吹。根據(jù)下文“Folauwassweptouttoseaatabout7p.m.localtime.”在7點(diǎn)左右被卷入大海，可知，此處為sweepaway意為“卷走”。故選C項。【解析】5．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，他又漂流或游泳了8個小時，來到了第二個無人居住的島嶼，最后又游到了湯加塔普主島。A.struggled斗爭；B.dived潛水；C.sank下沉；D.drifted漂流。根據(jù)語境和下文“orswamanothereighthours”可知，被卷入大海，他又漂流或游泳了8個小時，來到了第二個無人居住的島嶼。故選D項?！窘馕觥?．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，他又漂流或游泳了8個小時，來到了第二個無人居住的島嶼，最后又游到了湯加塔普主島。A.church教堂；B.island島嶼；C.log日志；D.distance距離。根據(jù)前文和“beforefinallyswimmingagaintothemainislandofTongatapu”可知他先游到了一個無人居住的島上。故選B項?！窘馕觥?．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這次體驗持續(xù)了27個多小時，行程7.5公里。A.experience經(jīng)歷；【解析】B.accident事故；C.exploration探索；D.challenge挑戰(zhàn)。由上下文句意可知，此處指前文所述的“經(jīng)歷”。故選A項?！窘馕觥?．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這次體驗持續(xù)了27個多小時，行程7.5公里。A.contained包含；B.continued繼續(xù)；C.spread傳播；D.covered行走。由下文“7.5kilometres”可知，此處cover意為“行走(一段路程)”為7.5公里。故選D項?！窘馕觥?．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：福勞說他下過九次水。A.straight直線地；B.free自由地；C.underwater在水下；D.forward向前。根據(jù)后文“Theninthtimehewentunderandcameup”可知，福勞浮上海面，說明他下過九次水。故選C項?！窘馕觥?0．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：第九次，他鉆到下面，又浮上來，抓住了一根木頭。A.grabbed抓??；B.threw扔；C.struck碰撞；D.chased追趕。由句意以及上文“cameup浮上來”可知，浮上海面后，他抓住了一根木頭。故選A項?！窘馕觥?1．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這就是他繼續(xù)前行的原因。A.waiting等待；B.standing站立；C.resting休息；D.going行走。根據(jù)前文他鉆到水下，又浮上來，抓住了一根木頭可知，由于這根木頭，行動不便的他得以繼續(xù)前行。故選D項?！窘馕觥?2．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：湯加官員表示，他們得知一名男子在阿塔塔島失蹤，他們對此不太樂觀。A.injured受傷的；B.missing失蹤的；C.dangerous危險的；D.ridiculous荒唐的。根據(jù)上文“Theislandhasapopulationofabout60.”可知島上人口極少，福勞被卷入大海，人們很容易知道他失蹤了。故選B項。【解析】13．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：湯加官員表示，他們得知一名男子在阿塔塔島失蹤，他們對此不太樂觀。A.optimistic樂觀的；B.concerned擔(dān)心的；C.curious好奇的；D.certain確定的。根據(jù)上文語境可知，官員們了解到一個人在海嘯后失蹤，他們對其幸存不抱有樂觀態(tài)度。故選A項?！窘馕觥?4．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：福勞的兒子甚至還錄下了一段尋找父親的視頻。A.praising贊揚(yáng)；B.applying申請；C.searching搜尋；D.praying祈禱。由福勞的失蹤不見，可知，此處為福勞的兒子甚至還錄下了一段尋找父親的視頻。searchfor意為“搜尋”。故選C項?！窘馕觥?5．考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：視頻顯示，島上除了一座教堂，幾乎什么都沒有了，許多村民都在那里避難。A.everything一切，所有；B.anything任何東西；C.something一些事情；D.nothing什么都沒有。根據(jù)下文“wasleftstandingontheislandotherthanachurch”可知，海嘯后，除了一座教堂，島上幾乎蕩然無存。故選D項?！窘馕觥?6．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：視頻顯示，島上除了一座教堂，幾乎什么都沒有了，許多村民都在那里避難。A.charge要價，充電，指控；B.shelter避難所；C.action行為；D.effect影響。根據(jù)上文語境可知，海嘯后，除了一座教堂，島上幾乎蕩然無存，島民應(yīng)該是在教堂里避難，此處為takeshelter意為“尋求庇護(hù)；存身；避難”，滿足句意要求。故選B項。【解析】17．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一位官員說：“這是奇跡之一?！盇.migrations遷移；B.mistakes錯誤；C.miracles奇跡；D.participants參與者。根據(jù)首尾兩段以及文章所述過程可知，被卷入大海的福勞獲救，這是一個“奇跡”。故選C項?！窘馕觥?8．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：福勞幸存的故事在社交媒體上迅速在湯加人群體中傳播開來。A.video視頻；B.fiction小說；C.adventure冒險；D.survival幸存。根據(jù)第一段“A57-year-oldTongamansurvivedanightintheoceanafteratsunami

waveswepthimouttosealastSaturday.”可知，被卷入大海的福勞獲救，此處goviral意為“走紅”。指他的幸免于難在媒體上火了。故選D項?！窘馕觥?9．考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：“現(xiàn)實生活中的海王，”一個帖子說，指的是漫畫和電影中的角色。A.referringto指的是；B.leadingto引導(dǎo)，通往；C.takingto喜歡，開始從事；D.contributingto致力于。根據(jù)上文“Aquaman”和下文“thecomicbookandmoviecharacter”可知，Aquaman(海王)指的是漫畫和電影中的角色。故選A項?！窘馕觥?0．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)被問及他是否知道海王是誰時，福勞說他不知道。A.accused指控；B.asked問；C.doubted懷疑；D.introduced介紹。根據(jù)上文“福勞被稱為現(xiàn)實生活中的海王”和下文“Folausaidhedidnot”可知，此處為當(dāng)被問及他是否知道海王是誰時，福勞說他不知道。故選B項。二、閱讀理解PassageAOnFridayJanuary14,2022,blastwasheard2,000kmawayinNewZealandand3,300kmawayinAustralia.BoatscrashedintoaquietharborinSouthernCalifornia,aremoteislandwasbatteredinJapanby4footwavesandtwowomenwereswepttotheirdeathsonabeachinPerusome6,000milesfromanunderseavolcaniceruptionsopowerfulthatthetsunamiwhichitsetoffstirredoceanwatershalfwayacrosstheglobe.ButonSunday,asreportsofthevolcano’seffectcrowdedinfromfar-flungcountries,therewaslittlewordfromTonga,theislandnationjust40milesfromthesiteoftheextraordinaryexplosion.Asconcernsfromallovertheworldgrew,thenationofabout100,000peopleremainedlargelycutofffromtherestoftheworld,itsunderseainternetcablesknockedoutofcommissionbythevolcano.InTongaonSunday,manyresidentslostnotonlycommunicationchannelsbutelectricpower.Upto80,000peopletherecouldbeaffected,theInternationalFederationofRedCrossandRedCrescentSocietiestoldtheBBC．NewZealandandothernationsintheregionpledgedtogiveTongaaidtorecover.Butwithheavyconcentrationsofairborneashmakingflightsimpossible,justliketheIcelandvolcanoeruptionin2021,itwasdifficulteventoknowwhatwasneeded.Ardern,theNewZealandprimeminister,saidflightsoverTongawereplannedforMondayorTuesday,dependingonashconditions.Tongahasexperiencedasuccessionofnaturaldisastersinrecentyears.In2018,morethan170homesweredestroyedandtwopeoplekilledbyCycloneGita,aCategory5tropicalstorm.In2020,CycloneHaroldcausedabout$111millionindamage.21．Howmuchareaoftheseawaterdidthevolcanostir?A．20%. B．30%. C．50%. D．70%.22．Whichphrasecanreplacetheunderlinedwords“outofcommission”?A．outofaction B．outofrange C．outofexistence D．outofaccount23．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．NewZealandaswellasothernationsintheregiongaveTongaaidtimely.B．TheIcelandvolcanoeruptionin2021madenearbyflightsdelayed.C．FlightscouldreachTongatwodaysaftertheeruption.D．TheunderseavolcaniceruptioncausedsevererdamagetoTongathaneverbefore.24．Whatsectionofanewspapermaythispassagebetakenfrom?A．Homenews. B．Businessnews.C．Travelnews. D．Internationalnews.PassageA答案：CABD【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了湯加受到火山噴發(fā)的影響而與世界其他地區(qū)基本隔絕?！窘馕觥?1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“anunderseavolcaniceruptionsopowerfulthatthetsunamiwhichitsetoffstirredoceanwatershalfwayacrosstheglobe(海底火山爆發(fā)的威力如此之大，以至于它引發(fā)的海嘯攪動了半個地球的海水)”可知，火山攪動了約50%的海水，故選C?！窘馕觥?2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“thenationofabout100,000peopleremainedlargelycutofffromtherestoftheworld(這個約有10萬人口的國家在很大程度上仍然與世界其他地區(qū)隔絕)”以及下文“bythevolcano(被火山)”可推知，此處指這個國家與世界其他地區(qū)基本隔絕了，所以其海底互聯(lián)網(wǎng)電纜因火山爆發(fā)而中斷，因此劃線的短語“outofcommission”意思是“不能使用的”，A項“outofaction(不能工作、無法運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn))”與畫線短語意思相近。故選A。【解析】23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的“Butwithheavyconcentrationsofairborneashmakingflightsimpossible,justliketheIcelandvolcanoeruptionin2021,itwasdifficulteventoknowwhatwasneeded.(但由于空氣中火山灰濃度很高，飛行變得不可能，就像2021年冰島火山爆發(fā)一樣，甚至很難知道需要什么)”可推知，2021年冰島火山爆發(fā)導(dǎo)致了附近航班延誤。故選B?！窘馕觥?4．推理判斷題。通讀全文，再根據(jù)文章第一段“OnFridayJanuary14,2022,blastwasheard2,000kmawayinNewZealandand3,300kmawayinAustralia.(2022年1月14日星期五，2000公里外的新西蘭和3300公里外的澳大利亞都聽到了爆炸聲)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“NewZealandandothernationsintheregionpledgedtogiveTongaaidtorecover.(新西蘭和該地區(qū)其他國家承諾向湯加提供恢復(fù)援助)”可推知，本文主要報道了湯加受到火山噴發(fā)的影響而與世界其他地區(qū)基本隔絕，所以最有可能摘自報紙的國際新聞版面。故選D。閱讀理解PassageBThereisalwayssomethingthathappensintheworldthateveryonefearswillhappentotheirtown,cityorcountry:naturaldisasters.Thescariestpartofitisthatnoonewilleverseeitcoming.Thoughtechnologyhelpsusprepare,butitneveractuallytellsthepeoplewhattimeit’sgoingtohit,Itisalwaysestimated,buttheresultisnever100%accurate.However,thatisnotthepointofthisarticle.Twodifferentnaturaldisastersintwodifferentpartsoftheworldhavehappenedinthepastfewweeks.OneisamajorfloodthathashitLouisianaintheUnitedStates.TheotherwasanearthquakethathitAmatrice,Italy.However.thereisamajordifferenceinthenewscoverage(新聞報道)ofthetwotragedies.AsforthefloodinginLouisiana,itisreportedthatthisdisasteristheworsttohittheUnitedStatessincesuper-stormSandyandit’llcostatleast$30million.Inonlythefirstcoupleofweeks,13peoplehaddied.However,likeme,manypeopledidnothearaboutthistragicevent.Ididnotlearnaboutituntilaboutthreeweeksafterithappened.InItaly,however,itcoveredallmediainstantly.TheearthquakeinItalyhappenedonTuesdaymorning.Thatsameday,IwasonTwitterandthatwasallthatwasoverthenewsfeed.Everyotherpostwasabouttheearthquake.SomewouldhavetheopinionthatAmatrice,Italywasoneofthemostbeautifultownsinthatcountry.Igotindeepsorrowbecausethereweremorepeoplekilledinthisquakethantheflooding.Sofar,theyhaveatotalof73deadandoverone-hundredmissing.IunderstandthattechnicallytheearthquakeinItalywasworsethanthefloodsinLouisiana.However,Ibelievethatifanaturaldisasterhappens,theyallshouldbeequallycoveredandtakenequallyasserious.Weareoneworldunitedandshouldbethereforallofthepeopleouttherewhoareinneedofhelp.Wemaynotbeabletoaccuratelypredictdisasters,butwecansurelylendahandoutfortheneedy.25．Whatreallyconcernstheauthoraboutthetwonaturaldisasters?A．Thedeathandtheinjured. B．Themediareport.C．Thegovernment’sresponsibility. D．Theireconomicloss.26．Whydidtheauthorlearnaboutthefloodsolate?A．Hedidn'tcareabouttheflood. B．Hefeltnervousaboutthenews.C．Themediadidn'tcoveritintime. D．Thefloodfrightenedtheauthoralot.27．HowdoestheauthorfeelabouttheearthquakeinItaly?A．Proud. B．Critical. C．Pitiful. D．Sad.28．Whatdoestheauthorreallywanttosayinthetext?A．Italyisn’tgoodatpredictingthenaturaldisasters.B．Allnaturaldisastersshouldbecoveredequally.C．Theworldshouldbeunitedintooneinstantly.D．AmericashouldhelpItalypredictnaturaldisasters.PassageB答案：BCDB【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇議論文。文章通過比較美國的路易斯安那州的洪水的報道和意大利的阿馬特里切的地震的報道，作者認(rèn)為自然災(zāi)害無大小，新聞媒體都應(yīng)該及時報導(dǎo)，應(yīng)該同樣地嚴(yán)肅對待，應(yīng)該讓人們及時知曉，這樣人們可以向受害者伸出援助之手。【解析】25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“However,thereisamajordifferenceinthenewscoverageofthetwotragedies.(然而，對這兩起悲劇的新聞報道有一個很大的不同)”，第三段的最后兩句“However,likeme,manypeopledidnothearaboutthistragicevent.Ididnotlearnaboutituntilaboutthreeweeksafterithappened.(然而，像我一樣，許多人并沒有聽說這個悲慘的事件。我直到三周后才知道這件事)”,以及第四段“InItaly,however,itcoveredallmediainstantly.TheearthquakeinItalyhappenedonTuesdaymorning.Thatsameday,IwasonTwitterandthatwasallthatwasoverthenewsfeed.(然而，在意大利，它立即覆蓋了所有媒體。意大利的地震發(fā)生在周二上午。就在同一天，我在推特上，這就是新聞動態(tài)的全部內(nèi)容)”可知，同樣是災(zāi)難，美國媒體對洪災(zāi)報道很少并且不及時，而意大利地震發(fā)生后，其消息瞬間出現(xiàn)在意大利的各媒體頭條。由此可知，對于這兩個自然災(zāi)害，作者關(guān)注的是媒體的報導(dǎo)。故選B項?！窘馕觥?6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句“However,likeme,manypeopledidnothearaboutthistragicevent.Ididnotlearnaboutituntilaboutthreeweeksafterithappened.(然而，像我一樣，許多人并沒有聽說這個悲慘的事件。我直到三周后才知道這件事)”可知，因為媒體的報導(dǎo)不及時，很多人不知道路易斯安那州發(fā)生的洪災(zāi)，包括作者。故選C項?！窘馕觥?7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Igotindeepsorrowbecausethereweremorepeoplekilledinthisquakethantheflooding.(我陷入深深的悲傷中，因為在這次地震中喪生的人比洪水還多)”可知，意大利的地震造成更多的人員傷亡，這讓作者陷入深深的悲傷之中。故選D項?！窘馕觥?8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“However,Ibelievethatifanaturaldisasterhappens,theyallshouldbeequallycoveredandtakenequallyasserious.(然而，我認(rèn)為，如果發(fā)生自然災(zāi)害，應(yīng)該同等報道，同等重視)”可知，作者認(rèn)為，不管什么樣的自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生之后，新聞媒體都應(yīng)該及時報導(dǎo)，應(yīng)該嚴(yán)肅對待。故選B項。二、閱讀理解PassageCTheGreatSaltLake,America’slargestnaturallakewestoftheMississippiRiver,hasreacheditslowestlevelsinrecordedhistory.OfficialsinUtahsaythestateneedstotakeseriousmeasurestopreventfurtherdropsinlakelevels.ThecurrentstateoftheGreatSaltLakefollowsseriousdryconditionsaffectingUtahandotherwesternstates.WaterhasalsobeentakenfromthelaketosupplyhomesandcropsinUtah,oneofthenation’sfastestgrowingstates.UtahisalsooneofthedriestAmericanstates,buthashighwaterusagerates.Theseriousdropinlakelevelshasraisedconcernsinthestateaboutharmfuldust,environmentaldamageandeconomicproblems.Furtherwaterlossisexpectedtopresentseriousriskstomillionsofmigrating(遷徙)birds.Itcouldalsohurtalake-basedeconomyexpectedtobeworth$1.3billion.Economicactivitiesincludetheproductionofmineralsandbrineshrimp(蝦)andtourism.Healthexpertsalsofearthatadrylakebedcouldsendpoisonousdustintotheairthatmillionsofpeoplebreathe.Oneproposalwouldseektolimitwateruseinhomesandbusinesses.Anotherwouldpayfarmersforsharingtheirwater.Athirdwoulddirectmoneyfrommineralproductionactivitiestoprogramsaimedatimprovingthelake.ZachFrankelisdirectorofthenonprofitUtahRiversCouncil.HesayshethinksmajoractionisneededinordertosavetheGreatSaltLake.“It’snotgoingtodoitwithbabysteps.Thesearetinybabystepsthatshouldhavebeentaken20yearsago,”Frankelsaid.Ifthewaterlevelscontinuetodrop,thelakecouldgettoosaltyforthemicroorganismstosurvive.Thishasalreadyhappenedinthebrightpinkwatersofthelake’snorthernarm.VandenBergisstillhopefulaboutthesouthernarm,whereapartofthemicroorganismsdidsurvivelastyear’slakedrop.”It’sbadbutnothopelessyet,”hesaid,“Thereisstilltimetofixandimprovethesituation.”29．WhatdoesZachFrankelmeanbyhiswordsaboutlakeprotection?A．Itistoolatetoprotectthelake.B．Smallactionsarenotenough.C．Actionshouldbetakenbitbybit.D．Thegovernmenthasn’trealizeditsimportance.30．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeVandenBeg’sopinion?A．Betterlatethannever. B．AllroadsleadtoRome.C．Nopain,nogain. D．Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.31．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．DroughtHasReducedLakeWaterintheU.S.B．ClimateChangeAffectsPeopleLivingRoundLakesC．ProtectingtheGreatSaltLakeIsNecessaryforNeighborhoodD．OfficialsConsiderMeasurestoSavetheGreatSaltLakePassageC答案：BAD【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文講述美國密西西比河以西最大的天然湖泊大鹽湖已經(jīng)達(dá)到了有記錄以來的最低水位。以及該州需要采取嚴(yán)肅措施，防止湖泊水位進(jìn)一步下降?！窘馕觥?9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“HesayshethinksmajoractionisneededinordertosavetheGreatSaltLake.“It’snotgoingtodoitwithbabysteps.Thesearetinybabystepsthatshouldhavebeentaken20yearsago,”Frankelsaid.(他說，他認(rèn)為需要采取重大行動來拯救大鹽湖。弗蘭克爾說：“這不是嬰兒步。這些是20年前應(yīng)該采取的嬰兒步?！薄?”可知，ZachFrankel認(rèn)為需要采取重大行動來拯救大鹽湖。這不是一小步一小步就能做到的。即小的行動不足以拯救大鹽湖。故選B項?！窘馕觥?0．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“‘It’sbadbutnothopelessyet,’hesaid.‘Thereisstilltimetofixandimprovethesituation.’(“情況很糟糕，但還沒有絕望，”他說還有時間來解決和改善這種情況?！?”可知，情況很糟糕，但還不是沒有希望，即亡羊補(bǔ)牢為時未晚（遲做總比不做好）。故選A項。【解析】31．主旨大意題。由文章第一段“TheGreatSaltLake,America’slargestnaturallakewestoftheMississippiRiver,hasreacheditslowestlevelsinrecordedhistory.OfficialsinUtahsaythestateneedstotakeseriousmeasurestopreventfurtherdropsinlakelevels.(大鹽湖是美國密西西比河以西最大的天然湖泊，已達(dá)到有記錄以來的最低水平。猶他州官員表示，該州需要采取認(rèn)真措施，防止湖面水位進(jìn)一步下降。)”以及下文可知，本文主要講大鹽湖已達(dá)到有記錄以來的最低水平。猶他州的官員說該州需要采取嚴(yán)厲措施，防止湖泊水位進(jìn)一步下降。故選D項。二、閱讀理解PassageDInanaturaldisaster—ahurricane,flood,volcaniceruption,orothercatastrophes(災(zāi)難)—minutesandevensecondsofwarningcanmakethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.Becauseofthis,scientistsareworkingtousethelatesttechnologicaladvancestopredictwhenandwheredisasterswillhappen.Theyarealsostudyinghowtoanalyseandcommunicatethisinformationinthebestwayonceitisobtained.OnSeptember29,1998.HurricaneGeorgesmadelandfall(登陸)Biloxi,Mississippi,afterdamagingseveralislandsoftheCaribbeanbadlywithrainsandwindsupto160kmperhour.FewpeoplelosttheirlivesalongtheGulfCoastoftheUnitedStates.Thiswasaverydifferentoutcome(結(jié)果)from1900,whenapowerfulGulfCoasthurricanehadmadeanunexpecteddirecthitonGalveston,Texas,killingatleast6,000people.Vastlyimprovedhurricanewarningsexplainthedifferentcircumstances(狀況)ateitherendofthe20thcentury—residentsofGalvestonhadnoadvancewarningthatastormwasapproaching,whileresidentsofBiloxihadbeenwarneddaysinadvance,allowingforsafetyprecautions(預(yù)防措施).WhilepeopleinBiloxiwerethankfulfortheadvancewarning,someresidentsofNewOrleans,Louisianawerelesssatisfied.AdaybeforeHurricaneGeorgesmadelandfall,forecasterswerepredictingthatthehurricanehadagoodchanceofstrikingNewOrleans.BecausemuchofNewOrleansliesbelowsealevel,thecityisatriskfromflooding.Emergencymanagementofficialsmustbeginevacuations(疏散)wellbeforeastormstrikes.Butevacuationcostsmoney:Businessesclose,touristsleave,andcitizenstakeprecautionarymeasures.ThemayorofNewOrleansestimatedthathiscity’spreparationforGeorgescostmorethan50million.AfterGeorgesmissedNewOrleans,someresidentsquestionedthevalueofthehurricaneforecastsinthefaceofsuchhighcosts.ThedifferentviewsontheearlywarningsforHurricaneGeorgesshowsomeofthecomplexitiesrelatedtopredictingdisasters.Disasterpredictionisaprocessofprovidingscientificinformationtothegovernmentofficialsandotherdecisionmakerswhomustrespondtothosepredictions.32．Whatisthepurposeofdisasterpredictionaccordingtothepassage?A．Toidentifythecauseofdisasters.B．Tosavepeople’slivesandproperty.C．Topreventnaturaldisastershappening.D．Toapplytechnologytodisasterprediction.33．Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?A．HurricaneGeorgeshitBiloxiunexpectedlyin1998.B．SeveredamagewascausedinHurricaneGeorgesin1998.C．FewpeoplelosttheirlivesintheGulfCoasthurricanein1900.D．AdvancewarningmadeadifferencetothepeopleinBiloxiin1998.34．TheresidentsofNewOrleanswerelesssatisfiedbecause________.A．thehurricanedidnothitthecityB．theirpreparationsweremadeinvainC．thehurricanewarningarrivedratherlateD．theysufferedfromaheavyhurricaneattack35．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Thedifferentwaysofdisasterprediction.B．Technologicaladvancesindisasterprediction.C．Thebenefitsandpreparationsofdisasterprediction.D．Theimportanceanduncertaintyofdisasterprediction.PassageD答案：BDBD【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講災(zāi)害預(yù)測的重要性和不確定性，它是為了挽救人民的生命財產(chǎn)，但目前技術(shù)還有限?！窘馕觥?2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Inanaturaldisaster—ahurricane,flood,volcaniceruption,orothercatastrophes(災(zāi)難)—minutesandevensecondsofwarningcanmakethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.(在自然災(zāi)害中——颶風(fēng)、洪水、火山爆發(fā)或其他災(zāi)難——幾分鐘甚至幾秒鐘的警告可以決定生死)”可知，災(zāi)難預(yù)測的目的是為了挽救人民的生命和減少財產(chǎn)損失。故選B項。【解析】33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段“OnSeptember29,1998.HurricaneGeorgesmadelandfall(登陸)Biloxi,Mississippi,afterdamagingseveralislandsoftheCaribbeanbadlywithrainsandwindsupto160kmperhour.FewpeoplelosttheirlivesalongtheGulfCoastoftheUnitedStates.(1998年9月29日。颶風(fēng)喬治登陸密西西比州的比洛克西。此前，加勒比海的幾個島嶼遭到嚴(yán)重破壞，降雨和風(fēng)速高達(dá)每小時160公里。很少有人在美國海灣沿岸喪生)”，第四段中的“residentsofGalvestonhadnoadvancewarningthatastormwasapproaching,whileresidentsofBiloxihadbeenwarneddaysinadvance,allowingforsafetyprecautions(預(yù)防措施).(加爾維斯頓的居民沒有收到風(fēng)暴即將來臨的預(yù)先警告，而比洛克西的居民則提前幾天收到警告，以便采取安全預(yù)防措施)”和第五段中的“WhilepeopleinBiloxiwerethankfulfortheadvancewarning,someresidentsofNewOrleans,Louisianawerelesssatisfied.(雖然比洛克西的人們對事先發(fā)出的警告表示感謝，但路易斯安那州新奧爾良的一些居民卻不那么滿意)”可知，因為比洛克西的居民提前幾天收到風(fēng)暴即將來臨的預(yù)先警告，采取了安全預(yù)防措施，所以很少有人在美國海灣沿岸喪生，說明“1998年，提前警告對比洛克西的人民產(chǎn)生了影響”正確。故選D項?！窘馕觥?4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段中的“AdaybeforeHurricaneGeorgesmadelandfall,forecasterswerepredictingthatthehurricanehadagoodchanceofstrikingNewOrleans.(在颶風(fēng)“喬治”登陸的前一天，氣象預(yù)報員預(yù)測颶風(fēng)很有可能襲擊新奧爾良)”和倒數(shù)第二段中的“AfterGeorgesmissedNewOrleans,someresidentsquestionedthevalueofthehurricaneforecastsinthefaceofsuchhighcosts.(颶風(fēng)“喬治”錯過新奧爾良后，面對如此高昂的成本，一些居民質(zhì)疑颶風(fēng)預(yù)報的價值)”可知，預(yù)測說颶風(fēng)“喬治”會襲擊新奧爾良，新奧爾良花費(fèi)高昂成本進(jìn)行了疏散工作，但最后颶風(fēng)“喬治”沒有襲擊新奧爾良，新奧爾良的城市居民不滿意是因為他們的準(zhǔn)備是徒勞的。故選B項。【解析】35．主旨大意題。第一段講“災(zāi)難預(yù)測的重要性和意義”，第二三段講“颶風(fēng)“喬治”對美洲多地造成的危害”，第四段講“提前警告對比洛克西的人民產(chǎn)生了好的影響”，第五六七段通過“新奧爾良的城市居民在災(zāi)害來臨前做了充足的準(zhǔn)備，但災(zāi)害卻繞過了新奧爾良”講“災(zāi)害的復(fù)雜性和不確定性”。由此可知，文章主要講災(zāi)害預(yù)測的重要性和不確定性，它是為了挽救人民的生命財產(chǎn)，但目前技術(shù)還有限，D項“災(zāi)害預(yù)測的重要性和不確定性”符合文意。故選D項。二、PassageE閱讀理解七選五Thethoughtofanaturaldisastercanbefrightening,butyoucanprepareyourselfandyourfamilywithanemergencykit.Thoughyoumaynotknowwhatkindofdisasterwillstrikeorwhen,36.●Packa3-daysupplyoffoodandwater.Choosefooditemswithalongshelflife,whichdon’trequirerefrigerationorlittlecooking,suchascannedgoodsandpackageditems,incaseyoudon’thavepowerduetoadisaster.Besides,Store1gallon(3.8L)ofwaterperperson(andperpet)perday.37,sobesuretoincludeplentyofpurified(凈化的)waterinbottles.●38.Packemergencyblankets.sleepingbags,andatentortwoincaseyoucan’tstayinyourhome.Amultipurposetoollikeaknifeandawhistlewouldalsobehandytohaveinyourkit.●Packelectronicsandbatteries.Intheeventofabigdisaster,besuretohaveseveralflashlights,anAM/FMradio,andextrabatteries,39.●Includemedicineandafirstaidkit.Prescriptionandover-the-countermedicinesshouldbeincludedinyourkit.40.Packextraglassesandanyothermedicalsuppliesthatmaybeneeded,likehearingaidswithextrabatteries.A．herearesometipsforyouB．AddshelterandsafetysuppliesC．It’sbesttostoreenoughwaterfor2weeksD．TapwatermaybeunsafetodrinkintheeventofadisasterE．you’llbereadyforanemergencyifyoutakethetimetogetwellpreparedF．Addabasicfirstaidkitcontaininginstanticepacks,bandages,scissorsandsoonG．becauseyourlandline,cellphonewillprobablynotworkduringanaturaldisasterPassageE答案：EDBGF【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了應(yīng)對自然災(zāi)害，你可以為自己和家人準(zhǔn)備一個應(yīng)急包，并介紹了應(yīng)急包中應(yīng)該備有什么物品?！窘馕觥?6．根據(jù)上文“Thethoughtofanaturaldisastercanbefrightening,butyoucanprepareyourselfandyourfamilywithanemergencykit.(想到自然災(zāi)害可能會令人恐懼，但你可以為自己和家人準(zhǔn)備一個應(yīng)急包。)”可知，你可以準(zhǔn)備一個應(yīng)急包；而空前“Thoughyoumaynotknowwhatkindofdisasterwillstrikeorwhen,(雖然你可能不知道什么樣的災(zāi)難會在什么時候發(fā)生，)”的逗號暗示，所選選項的首字母不需要大寫；并且空處再次說明做好準(zhǔn)備的必要性。選項E“you’llbereadyforanemergencyifyoutakethetimetogetwellprepared(如果你花時間做好充分準(zhǔn)備，你就能應(yīng)對緊急情況)”首字母沒有大寫，且內(nèi)容上承上啟下。故選E。【解析】37．根據(jù)上文“Besides,Store1gallon(3.8L)ofwaterperperson(andperpet)perday.(此外，每人(每只寵物)每天需儲存1加侖(3.8升)的水。)”下文“sobesuretoincludeplentyofpurified(凈化的)waterinbottles.(所以一定要在瓶子里放足夠的純凈水。)”可知，一定要準(zhǔn)備足夠的水，并保證水的安全性。選項D“Tapwatermaybeunsafetodrinkintheeventofadisaster(如果發(fā)生災(zāi)難，自來水可能不安全，不能飲用)”符合上下文內(nèi)容。故選D?！窘馕觥?8．空處為段首句，為本段主要內(nèi)容。根據(jù)下文“Packemergencyblankets.sleepingbags,andatentortwoincaseyoucan’tstayinyourhome.Amultipurposetoollikeaknifeandawhistlewouldalsobehandytohaveinyourkit.(裝上緊急毯子，睡袋和一兩個帳篷，以防你不能呆在家里。像刀和哨子這樣的多功能工具放在你的工具箱里也很方便。)”可知，本段講的是帶上安全用品。選項B“Addshelterandsafetysupplies(帶上遮蔽物以及安全用品)”與本段大意一致。故選B。【解析】39．根據(jù)段首句“Packelectronicsandbatteries.(封裝電子產(chǎn)品和電池。)”可知，本段和電子產(chǎn)品相關(guān)；以及空前“Intheeventofabigdisaster,besuretohaveseveralflashlights,anAM/FMradio,andextrabatteries,(在發(fā)生大災(zāi)難的時候，一定要有幾個手電筒，一個AM/FM收音機(jī)，和額外的電池，)”中的逗號可知，空處單詞首字母無需大寫。選項G“becauseyourlandline,cellphonewillprobablynotworkduringanaturaldisaster(因為你的座機(jī)、手機(jī)在自然災(zāi)害中可能無法工作。)”解釋了帶電池、手電筒和收音機(jī)的原因。故選G?！窘馕觥?0．根據(jù)段首句“Includemedicineandafirstaidkit.(包括藥品和急救箱。)”可知，本段與急救相關(guān)；空前“Prescriptionandover-the-countermedicinesshouldbeincludedinyourkit.(你的藥箱中應(yīng)該包括處方藥和非處方藥。)”建議讀者備上藥；而空后“Packextraglassesandanyothermedical