選擇性必修Book3Unit4AdversityAndCourage（A卷·知識(shí)通關(guān)練）重點(diǎn)單詞和短語（一）詞性轉(zhuǎn)換bitter（形容詞）bitterly________（副詞）bitterness_________（名詞）qualify（動(dòng)詞）qualified_________（形容詞）enthusiastic（形容詞）enthusiasm_________（名詞）enthusiastically_________（副詞）assign（動(dòng)詞）assignment________（名詞）envy（動(dòng)詞）envious_________（形容詞）abandon（動(dòng)詞）abandoned_________（形容詞）belong（動(dòng)詞）belonging_________（名詞）selfish（形容詞）selfishness_________（名詞）genuine（形容詞）genuinely_________（副詞）persevere（動(dòng)詞）perseverance_________（名詞）resolve（動(dòng)詞）resolution_________（名詞）cruel（形容詞）cruelty________（名詞）cruelly_________（副詞）thorough（形容詞）thoroughly________（副詞）fortune（名詞）fortunate_________（形容詞）fortunately___________（副詞）advertise（動(dòng)詞）advertisement_________（名詞）rough（形容詞）roughly_________（副詞）loyal（形容詞）loyalty________（名詞）loyally_________（副詞）commit（動(dòng)詞）commitment________（名詞）discover（動(dòng)詞）discovery________（名詞）amaze（動(dòng)詞）amazing/amazed__________（形容詞）amazement__________（名詞）calm（形容詞）calmness_________（名詞）calmly_________（副詞）person（名詞）personal__________（形容詞）personally__________（副詞）manage（動(dòng)詞）management__________（名詞）crowd（名詞）crowded__________（形容詞）imagine（動(dòng)詞）imagination_________（名詞）desperate（形容詞）desperately__________（副詞）energy（名詞）energetic__________（形容詞）celebrate（動(dòng)詞）celebration_________（名詞）positive（形容詞）positively__________（副詞）warm（形容詞）warmth_________（名詞）warmly_________（副詞）（二）重點(diǎn)短語___________拒絕___________放出（熱、光、氣味或氣體）___________生火___________被打斷___________堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)，不掛斷電話___________對充滿熱情___________被困在___________有資格做某事___________充滿熱情___________妒忌某人做某事___________放棄做某事___________對忠誠___________做出承諾___________忠于（做）某事___________報(bào)答，報(bào)復(fù)，償還（欠款）【答案】1.turndown2.giveoff3.makefire4.beinterruptedby5.holdon6.beenthusiasticabout7.bestuckin8.bequalifiedtodosth.9.fullofenthusiasm10.envysb.doingsth.11.abandondoingsth.12.beloyalto13.makeacommitment14.becommittedto(doing)sth.15.payback二、詞匯運(yùn)用（一）單詞拼寫1.Thecrewformedanoceanexpedition.Theywere_______（合格的）explorers.2.Allthe_______（財(cái)物）onboard，suchasfurniture，cupboards，stoves，blanketsmustbeabandoned.3.HenryClayFrickdiedin1919，leavinghishouse，_______（家具）andartcollectiontotheAmericanpeople.4.Hernamehasbeenmentionedasafavouredleadership______（候選人）.5.Theguidewasso_______（熱情的）thatsheofferedmeablanketwhensensingIwasverycold.6.Duringthevoyage，theship______（下沉）intothesea，killingthecrew.7.______（不幸的是），hisapplicationfortheexpeditionwasturneddown.8.Althoughexhausting，itgavemeenergy，_______（熱情）andhappiness.9.They’vepaid6months’rentinadvancefora2-roomapartmentandwillgiveita_______（徹底的）cleaningbeforemovingin.10.InBritain，ifyoutreatanimals_______（殘酷），youwillbetakentothecourt.【答案】1.qualified2.belongings3.furniture4.candidate5.enthusiastic6.sank7.Unfortunately8.enthusiasm9.thorough10.cruelly【解析】考查形容詞作定語。句意：船員們組成了一支遠(yuǎn)洋探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)。他們是合格的探險(xiǎn)家?？崭窈骵xplorers是名詞，由形容詞修飾；“合格的”翻譯為“qualified”，是形容詞。故答案為qualified?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。句意：船上的所有物品，如家具、碗柜、火爐、毛毯等必須棄置。“財(cái)物”翻譯為belonging，再根據(jù)修飾詞all可知，此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，且在句中作主語。故答案為belongings?？疾椴豢蓴?shù)名詞。句意：亨利·克萊·弗里克于1919年去世，他把自己的房子、家具和藝術(shù)收藏都留給了美國人民。“家具”翻譯為furniture，是不可數(shù)名詞，無復(fù)數(shù)形式，與hishouse和artcollection構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。故答案為furniture?？疾槊~單數(shù)。句意：她的名字被認(rèn)為是有利的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)候選人?！昂蜻x人”翻譯為candidate，是可數(shù)名詞，再根據(jù)前面的不定冠詞a，可知，此處用單數(shù)名詞。故答案為candidate?？疾樾稳菰~作表語。句意：導(dǎo)游非常熱情，當(dāng)她感覺到我很冷時(shí)，她給了我一條毯子?！盁崆榈摹狈g為enthusiastic，在be動(dòng)詞was后面作表語。故答案為enthusiastic。考查一般過去時(shí)。句意：在航行中，船沉入海中，船員全部遇難。根據(jù)Duringthevoyage可知，句子在描述過去發(fā)生的事情，所以句子用一般過去時(shí)；“下沉”翻譯為sink，其過去式是sank。故答案為sank。考查副詞。句意：不幸的是，他的探險(xiǎn)申請被拒絕了。“不幸的是”翻譯為unfortunately，是副詞修飾整個(gè)句子，且位于句子開頭，首字母用大寫開頭。故答案為Unfortunately?？疾槊~作賓語。句意：雖然很累，但它給了我能量、熱情和快樂?！盁崆椤狈g為enthusiasm，是不可數(shù)名詞，在句中與energy和happiness構(gòu)成并列賓語。故答案為enthusiasm。考查形容詞作定語。句意：他們已經(jīng)預(yù)付了6個(gè)月的房租，租了一套兩居室的公寓，在搬進(jìn)去之前會(huì)把房子徹底打掃一下?！皬氐椎摹狈g為thorough，是形容詞，在句中作定語修飾名詞。故答案為thorough?？疾楦痹~。句意：在英國，如果你虐待動(dòng)物，你會(huì)被告上法庭。“殘酷”翻譯為cruelly，是副詞，在句中修飾動(dòng)詞treat。故答案為cruelly。（二）單句語法填空1.Hehas_______（submit）necessarycertificatestoprovethatheisacompletelyqualifiedteacher.2.Dozensofpeoplestillfeelthattheyaresafewhen_______（belong）toaunion.3.Asthesayinggoes，_____（bark）dogsdon’tbite.4.Themanagerwassurprisedtofindhisroom______（thorough）cleanedandeverythingarrangedinperfectorder.5.Lastnightahugebombexplosion_______（panic）scoresofpeople.6.Onreceivingthe______（assign），wesetouttoworkatonce.7.Tenminuteslater，theyarrivedatthat______（abandon）station.8.Inmyopinion，you’dbetterputthebook______itbelongs.9.Wemustfindaway______（resolve）theseproblemsbeforeit’stoolate.10.______（guide）bythelocalfarmer，wefoundtheoldhouseeasily.【答案】1.submitted2.belonging3.barking4.thoroughly5.panicked6.assignment7.abandoned8.where9.toresolve10.Guided【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：他提交了必要的證書，證明他是一名完全合格的教師。結(jié)合句意，該句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞has已經(jīng)給出，動(dòng)詞submit的過去分詞是submitted。故答案為submitted?？疾楝F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。句意：許多人仍然覺得加入工會(huì)是安全的?！癰elongto”意為“屬于”，無被動(dòng)語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；句子主語people和belongto之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，是現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語，也是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的省略。故答案為belonging?？疾楝F(xiàn)在分詞作定語。句意：俗話說，會(huì)叫的狗不咬人。bark是動(dòng)詞，意為“大聲嚷，吼叫”，其現(xiàn)在分詞barking作定語修飾名詞dogs。故答案為barking。考查副詞。句意：經(jīng)理驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)他的房間被徹底打掃了，一切都安排得井井有條。cleaned的是過去分詞，由副詞修飾，所給詞thorough是形容詞，其副詞是thoroughly。故答案為thoroughly?？疾橐话氵^去時(shí)。句意：昨晚一枚巨大的炸彈爆炸使許多人驚慌失措。根據(jù)Lastnight可知，句子用一般過去時(shí)，panic的過去式是panicked。故答案為panicked?？疾槊~。句意：一接到任務(wù)，我們就立即開始工作。根據(jù)空格前的the可知，此處用名詞形式，所給詞assign是動(dòng)詞，其名詞是assignment，意為“任務(wù)”。故答案為assignment?？疾檫^去分詞作前置定語。句意：十分鐘后，他們到達(dá)了那個(gè)廢棄的車站。所給詞abandon是動(dòng)詞，和station/之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，是過去分詞作前置定語；其實(shí)abandoned也可以作形容詞，意為“被拋棄的”，作定語修飾后面的名詞。故答案為abandoned?？疾榈攸c(diǎn)狀語從句。句意：在我看來，你最好把書放到該放的地方去。此處是where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句。故答案為where。考查不定式作后置定語。句意：我們必須在為時(shí)未晚之前找到解決這些問題的辦法。way后面用不定式作后置定語。故答案為toresolve?？疾檫^去分詞作狀語。句意：在當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民的引導(dǎo)下，我們很容易就找到了那所老房子。句中found是謂語動(dòng)詞，所以guide是非謂語動(dòng)詞；句子主語we和guide之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，是過去分詞作狀語；位于句首，首字母用大寫。故答案為Guided。重點(diǎn)句型正如一句諺語所說的：“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗?！保P(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句）__________________________，“WheninRome，doastheRomansdo.”你知道，我已經(jīng)找了三個(gè)月的工作了，這是我第一次正式面試。（現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）Youknow，I_______________________ajobforthreemonths，andthisismyfirstformalinterview.無論遇到什么困難，他都決心保住這份工作。（whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句）Hehasdeterminedtoholdonthisjob____________hemightruninto.該團(tuán)隊(duì)由12名頂級(jí)醫(yī)學(xué)專家組成，將與當(dāng)?shù)匦l(wèi)生專家分享抗擊COVID-19的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。（which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；動(dòng)詞短語consistof的用法）Theteam，__________________12topmedicalexperts，willshareknowledgeandexperienceonfightingCOVID-19withlocalhealthexperts.假如沒有植物，也就不會(huì)有動(dòng)物，人也就沒有肉吃了。（if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣）If____________plants，wewouldhavenoanimalsandnomeat.【答案】1.Asasayinggoes2.havebeenlookingfor3.whateverdifficulties4.whichconsistsof5.thereweren’t【解析】考查關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句?！罢缫痪渲V語所說的”翻譯為asasayinggoes，此處as是關(guān)系代詞，意為“正如，就像一樣”，在描述一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故答案為Asasayinggoes?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。該句在描述過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，句子用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；“我已經(jīng)找了三個(gè)月的工作了”翻譯為Ihavebeenlookingforajobforthreemonths.考查讓步狀語從句?！盁o論遇到什么困難”翻譯為whateverdifficultieshemightruninto，其中whatever相當(dāng)于nomatterwhat引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。故答案為whateverdifficulties?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句和動(dòng)詞短語?！坝山M成”翻譯為consistof，無被動(dòng)語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；Theteam作先行詞，指物，后面的非限制性定語從句由關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)，在從句中作主語，且該句在描述一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，Theteam是第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故答案為whichconsistsof?？疾樘摂M語氣。該句是if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣，與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，主句用would/could...+動(dòng)詞原形，從句用一般過去時(shí)?！凹偃鐩]有植物”翻譯為ifthereweren’t，與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反。故答案為thereweren’t。四、語法精練（一）單句語法填空1.Thepollutedair_______（give）offbycarswilldogreatharmtoourhealth.2.Ithappened______theharvestwasbadthatyear.3.Thereisevidence______（suggest）thatthetrendisgrowing.4.Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening，we______（try）tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.5.Withouthisgenerousguidance，I______（gain）suchadecentjobinthisinternationalfirm.6.Myoffertogoonavoyageinthesummerholidaygotturned____，whichfrustratedme.7._______（advertise）areagoodwaytosellproductsorservices.8.Themonitorassignedus_____（make）preparationsforthepartythenextweek.9.Oncehehasmadea_____（resolve）todoit，youwon’tgethertochangehismind.10.Hurryup!Weneedtogettothetopofthemountainbeforethesun____（sink）inthewest.【答案】1.given2.that3.suggesting4.havebeentrying5.wouldn’thavegained6.down7.Advertisements8.tomake9.resolution10.sinks【解析】考查過去分詞作后置定語。句意：汽車排放的污染空氣對我們的健康有很大的危害。willdo是謂語部分，所以設(shè)空處用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且句子主語Thepollutedair和give之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，是過去分詞作后置定語。故答案為given?？疾楣潭ň湫?。句意：那年碰巧收成不好。固定句型：Ithappenedthat...，其中it是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)主語從句作真正的主語。故答案為that?？疾楝F(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。句意：有證據(jù)表明，這一趨勢正在增長。該句是therebe句型，所以設(shè)空處用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且句子主語evidence和suggest“表明”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，是現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。故答案為suggesting?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意：自從人類開始園藝以來，我們一直在努力使我們的環(huán)境更美麗。句中since的意思是“自從以來”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，且現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更符合句意。故答案為havebeentrying。考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果沒有他的慷慨指導(dǎo)，我不可能在這家國際公司得到這么體面的工作。根據(jù)Withouthisgenerousguidance可知，此處與過去的事實(shí)相反，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該是if條件句的主句部分，用wouldhavedone結(jié)構(gòu)形式。故答案為wouldn’thavegained?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語。句意：我暑假去航海的提議被拒絕了，這使我很沮喪。動(dòng)詞短語：turndown“拒絕”；get+過去分詞，意為“變得被”。故答案為down?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)，句意：廣告是銷售產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的好方法。句子缺少主語，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該用名詞；所給詞advertise“為做廣告”是動(dòng)詞，其名詞是advertisement；該根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞are可知，用名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語，位于句子開頭首字母用大寫。故答案為Advertisements?？疾閯?dòng)詞不定式作賓語。句意：班長指派我們?yōu)橄轮艿木蹠?huì)做準(zhǔn)備。固定搭配：assignsb.todosth.“指派某人做某事”，其中不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故答案為tomake?？疾槊~作賓語。句意：一旦他下定決心要做這件事，你就無法讓她改變他的主意。根據(jù)空格前的a可知，設(shè)空處用單數(shù)名詞，所給詞resolve是動(dòng)詞，其名詞是resolution。故答案為resolution?？疾橐话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)和主謂一致。句意：快點(diǎn)!我們需要在太陽西沉之前到達(dá)山頂。該句是復(fù)合句，含before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示將來，則從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且從句主語是第三人稱單數(shù)形式thesun.故答案為sinks。（二）單句寫作眾所周知，中國是屬于第三世界的國家。（主語從句；表語從句；定語從句）_______________________________________________________________________不管發(fā)生什么，都不要放棄，總會(huì)有意想不到的風(fēng)景。（讓步狀語從句；并列句）_______________________________________________________________________他很累，因?yàn)樗麄€(gè)上午都在打掃房子。（for連接的并列句；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）_______________________________________________________________________只要我們持之以恒，我們追求的東西都會(huì)一個(gè)接一個(gè)地到來。（aslongas引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；what引導(dǎo)的主語從句）______________________________________________________________________我堅(jiān)信我能勝任報(bào)紙上刊登的這份工作。（同位語從句；過去分詞作后置定語）______________________________________________________________________【答案】1.WhatisknowntousisthatChinaisacountrywhichbelongstotheThirdWorld.2.Nomatterwhathappens，don’tgiveup，andtherewillbeunexpectedscenery.3.He’sverytiredforhehasbeencleaningthehouseallthemorning.4.Aslongaswepersevere，whatwepursuewillcomeonebyone.5.IholdthestrongbeliefthatIamqualifiedforthepositionadvertisedinthenewspaper.【解析】1.考查名詞性從句和定語從句。“眾所周知，中國是屬于第三世界的國家?！狈g為“WhatisknowntousisthatChinaisacountrywhichbelongstotheThirdWorld.”，其中what在句中引導(dǎo)主語從句，又作主語從句的主語；that引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中只起引導(dǎo)作用；表語從句中acountry是先行詞，后面是which/that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句；該句在描述客觀事實(shí)，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故答案為WhatisknowntousisthatChinaisacountrywhichbelongstotheThirdWorld.2.考查讓步狀語從句?！安还馨l(fā)生什么，都不要放棄”翻譯為Nomatterwhathappens，don’tgiveup，其中nomatterwhat/whatever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句；“總會(huì)有意想不到的風(fēng)景”翻譯為therewillbeunexpectedscenery.是therebe句型；并列連詞and將含讓步狀語從句的復(fù)合句和therebe句型連接在一起，構(gòu)成并列句。故答案為Nomatterwhathappens，don’tgiveup，andtherewillbeunexpectedscenery.3.考查并列句和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。“他很累”翻譯為He’sverytired；“他整個(gè)上午都在打掃房子”翻譯為Hehasbeencleaningthehouseallthemorning.其中句子用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去開始一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，這里在解釋“累的”原因，所以用并列連詞for構(gòu)成并列句。故答案為He’sverytiredforhehasbeencleaningthehouseallthemorning.4.考查aslongas引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和what引導(dǎo)的主語從句?！爸灰覀兂种院恪狈g為aslongaswepersevere，aslongas引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)；“我們追求的東西都會(huì)一個(gè)接一個(gè)地到來”翻譯為whatwepursuewillcomeonebyone.其中what引導(dǎo)主語從句作主語，主句用一般將來時(shí)。故答案為Aslongaswepersevere，whatwepursuewillcomeonebyone.5.考查同位語從句和過去分詞作后置定語。“我堅(jiān)信我能勝任報(bào)紙上刊登的這份工作”翻譯為IholdthestrongbeliefthatIamqualifiedforthepositionadvertisedinthenewspaper.其中名詞belief后面是that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，說明名詞belief的具體內(nèi)容；position和advertise之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，是過去分詞作后置定語。故答案為IholdthestrongbeliefthatIamqualifiedforthepositionadvertisedinthenewspaper.五、課內(nèi)語法填空Anexpedition___1___theSouthPoleistheadventure____2___PerceBlackborowhasbeendreamedof.However，whenheappliedtojointheexpedition，hewasturneddown.Althoughnot_____3___（allow）tojointheexpeditiontotheSouthPole，hemanagedtogoaboardtheEnduranceandworkedasastewardthere.Theirjourneydidn’tgo____4___（smooth）andtheshipwasstuckintheice.Beforetheshipwascrushed____5___sankintothesea，Shackletongavetheordertoabandontheshipwiththemostessentialsupplies.Thecrewhadtocamponice，butwithspringcoming，itwasdangeroustostaythere.TheythensailedtoElephantIsland.Thingswenteven___6___（bad）.Soonaftertheirarrival，ShackletonsetoffforSouthGeorgiaIslandtoseekforhelp.Theywerecoldandhungry.__7__（keep）uphisspirits，Percetriedtothinkofhappierthings.However，thesehappy___8___（memory）wereinterruptedbyasuddencoldrushofair.Percelosthispatiencegraduallybutsoon____9___（realize）hismistakethankstoFrank’sconcern.HethoughtheshouldbegratefultoFrankandShackleton.Withouttheirconcernandperseverance，hewouldhavedied.Itwastheirresolve____10___filledhimwithhope.Maybetheytheycouldreturnhome.【答案】1.to2.that/which3.allowed4.smoothly5.and6.worse7.Tokeep8.memories9.realized10.that【解析】考查介詞。句意：去南極探險(xiǎn)是珀西·布萊克博羅夢寐以求的冒險(xiǎn)。anexpeditionto...，意為“去的一次探險(xiǎn)”，其中to是介詞。故答案為to?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意：去南極探險(xiǎn)是珀西·布萊克博羅夢寐以求的冒險(xiǎn)。theadventure是先行詞，指物，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞，且在定語從句中作賓語。故答案為that/which。考查過去分詞作狀語。句意：盡管不被允許參加南極探險(xiǎn)，他還是設(shè)法登上了“耐力號(hào)”，并在那里做了一名乘務(wù)員。此處是Although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的省略，省略了相同的主語和be動(dòng)詞，句子主語he和allow之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，是過去分詞作狀語。故答案為allowed?？疾楦痹~。句意：他們的旅程并不順利，船被困在冰中。句中g(shù)o是動(dòng)詞，由副詞修飾，所給詞smooth是形容詞，其副詞是smoothly。故答案為smoothly?？疾椴⒘羞B詞。句意：在船被壓碎并沉入大海之前，沙克爾頓下令放棄這艘船，并帶走了最重要的物資。此處是并列的謂語動(dòng)詞作before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語，由并列連詞and連接。故答案為and?？疾楸容^級(jí)。句意：事情變得更糟了。even修飾比較級(jí)，加強(qiáng)語氣；bad的比較級(jí)是worse。故答案為worse。考查動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。句意：為了振作精神，珀西試著去想一些更快樂的事情。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，句首字母用大寫開頭。故答案為Tokeep?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。句意：然而，這些快樂的回憶被一陣突如其來的冷風(fēng)打斷了。根據(jù)these可知，后面用名詞復(fù)數(shù)；memory的復(fù)數(shù)形式是memories。故答案為memories。考查一般過去時(shí)。句意：Perce漸漸失去了耐心，但由于Frank的關(guān)心，他很快意識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞but連接兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，lost和realize是并列關(guān)系，but前的lost是一般過去時(shí)，所以realize也用一般過去時(shí)。故答案為realized?？疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意：是他們的決心使他充滿了希望。固定句型：Itis/was+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that...，且強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who代替that。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)句子主語theirresolve，指物。故答案為that。書面表達(dá)假定你是高三學(xué)生李華，暑假快到了，你打算和家人下周去杭州旅游，于是你寫信和你的一位美國朋友Paul分享你的行程計(jì)劃。要點(diǎn)如下：1.出游的具體時(shí)間、交通方式；2.詳細(xì)的行程安排；3.此行將會(huì)有何收獲。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適加增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫?！緟⒖挤段摹緿earPaul,Howareyougoing?Nextweek,I'lltraveltoHangzhouandIcan'twaittosharemytravelplanwithyou.Iamflyingtheretogetherwithmyfamily.Ihaveplannedeverythingperfectly.Undoubtedly,WestLakeisamust-godestination.Besides,somemuseums,whichhaveseentheprosperityofthecity,arealsoattractive.Andwe'rescheduledtovisitsomeotherplacesofinterest.I'msurethistripwillbroadenmyviewanddeepenmyunderstandingtothecity.Yours,LiHua七、對接高考1.閱讀理解第一節(jié)2022新高考一卷閱讀理解B篇Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,“foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,”asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth’scoverstory.It’sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway-from“ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”Ifthat’shardtounderstand,let’skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime-butforhim,it’smorelike12boxesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington.D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.Suchmethodsseemobvious,yersooftenwejustdon’tthink.“Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat.”Curtinsays.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetext?Moraldecline.Environmentalharm.Energyshortage.Worldwidestarvation.WhatdoesCurtin’scompanydo?Itproduceskitchenequipment.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?Buyonlywhatisneeded.Reducefoodconsumption.Goshoppingonceaweek.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.【答案】24—27BBDA【解析】B推理判斷題。通過對題目的分析可知，題目以例子為題干的條件，考查例子所證明的觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)題干分析，定位到文章第一段。第一段講述了作者無意中浪費(fèi)了芝麻菜的經(jīng)歷，從中可以得知即使作者和大多數(shù)人一樣會(huì)特別注意浪費(fèi)實(shí)物的問題，但是仍會(huì)無意中出現(xiàn)浪費(fèi)食物的情況，這與第一段第一句對應(yīng)。所以B我們有時(shí)會(huì)無意中浪費(fèi)實(shí)物為正確選項(xiàng)。A我們很少注意到浪費(fèi)實(shí)物的情況；C我們浪費(fèi)蔬菜多于肉類；D我們有充分的理由浪費(fèi)食物。分析例證題時(shí)，一定要明確例證是證明觀點(diǎn)的。觀點(diǎn)句可以從文句去找，或者進(jìn)行概括。

B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第三段第一二句“Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.”可知生產(chǎn)無人食用的食物會(huì)浪費(fèi)水、燃料和其他用于種植的資源。這就使得食物浪費(fèi)成為一個(gè)環(huán)境問題，故B環(huán)境危害為正確選項(xiàng)。A道德淪喪；C能源短缺；D全球饑荒。

D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第四段第三句“CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington.D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.”可知Curtin是華盛頓DCCentralKitchen的首席執(zhí)行官，而DCCentralKitchen是回收食物并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為健康的膳食的一家公司。故D它用不需要的食物做飯為正確選項(xiàng)。A它生產(chǎn)廚房設(shè)備；B它把腐爛的芝麻菜變成清潔能源；C它幫助當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民種植水果。

A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章最后一段Curtin所說的話“Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat.”可知他認(rèn)為“每個(gè)人都可以在減少浪費(fèi)方面發(fā)揮作用，無論是在每周購物時(shí)不購買超過必要數(shù)量的食物，還是要求餐廳不要提供你不會(huì)吃的配菜。”可知A選項(xiàng)只購買所需東西為正確選項(xiàng)。B減少食物消耗；C每周去購物一次；D減少在餐館吃飯的次數(shù)。2021新高考一卷閱讀理解B篇Byday,RobertTittertonisalawyer.InhissparetimethoughhegoesonstagebesidepianistMariaRaspopova—notasamusicianbutasherpageturner.“I’mnotatrainedmusician,butI’velearnttoreadmusicsoIcanhelpMariainherperformance.”Mr.TittertonischairmanoftheOmegaEnsemblebuthasbeenthegroup’sofficialpageturnerforthepastfouryears.Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn’thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.Hesaidhebecamejustasnervousasthoseplayinginstrumentsonstage.“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon’tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot.”Mr.Tittertonexplained.Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.Somepiecesofmusiccangofor40minutesandrequiredupto50pageturns,includingbackturnsforrepeatpassages.Silentonstagecommunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopracticewiththeirpageturner.Butlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong.“Iwasturningthepagetogetreadyforthenextpage,butthedraftwindfromtheturncausedthesparepagestofalloffthestand,”Mr.Tittertonsaid,“LuckilyIwasabletocatchthemandputthemback.”Mostpageturnersarepianostudentsorup-and-comingconcertpianists,althoughMr.Raspopovahasonceaskedherhusbandtohelpheroutonstage.“Myhusbandistheworstpageturner,”shelaughed.“He’sinterestedinthemusic,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:‘Turn,turn!’RobertisthebestpageturnerI’vehadinmyentirelife.”【答案】24—27ACBD【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要敘述了RobertTitterton如何成為一名熟練的樂譜翻頁員（pageturner）的故事。24.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中最后一句“I’mnotatrainedmusician,butI’velearnttoreadmusicsoIcanhelpMariainherperformance.”可知，要成為翻頁員，要能夠讀懂樂譜。故選A。其它三項(xiàng)不合題意。25.C概括歸納題。題意是描述Titterton在舞臺(tái)上的工作。根據(jù)第三段“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.”可知，在舞臺(tái)上做樂譜翻頁員，是需要多項(xiàng)技能的，也就是要求高的。故選C。26.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題意為Titterton需要練習(xí)什么。A項(xiàng)意為“數(shù)頁數(shù)”；B項(xiàng)意為“辨識(shí)‘點(diǎn)頭’”；C項(xiàng)意為“抓住下落的物體”；D項(xiàng)意為“以自己的方式行動(dòng)”。根據(jù)第四段中最后一句“Silentonstagecommunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.”可知，只有B項(xiàng)合乎題意。故選B。27.D推理判斷題。題意為“MsRaspopova為何說她的丈夫是不太好的翻頁員”。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“He’sinterestedinthemusic,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:‘Turn,turn!’暗含的意思推斷，由于他的丈夫?qū)σ魳犯信d趣，感受每一個(gè)音符，總是忘記翻頁。故選D。2020年高考英語全國一卷閱讀理解A篇TrainInformationAllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticketinformation，pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled，therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.Lostproperty（失物招領(lǐng)）CallLostPropertyon131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueenslandRailservices.ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocated（位于）atRomaStreetstation.PublicholidaysOnpublicholidays,generallyaSundaytimetableoperates.Oncertainmajoreventdays，i.e.AustraliaDay,AnzacDay,sportingandculturaldays,specialadditionalservicesmayoperate.ChristmasDayservicesoperatetoaChristmasDaytimetable，Beforetravelpleasevisittranslink.com.auorcallTransLinkon131230anytime.CustomersusingmobilitydevicesManystationshavewheelchairaccessfromthecarparkorentrancetothestationplatforms.Forassistance,pleaseQueenslandRailon131617.Guardiantrains(outbound)21.Whatwouldyoudogettickerinformation?A.Call131617B.Visittranslink.com.au.C.Askatthelocalstation.D.Checkthetrainschedule.22.Atwhichstationcanyoufindthelostpropertyoffice?A.Altandi.B.RomaStreet.C.VarsityLakesD.FortitudeValley.23.WhichtrainwouldyoutakeifyougofromCentraltoVarsityLakes?A.6:42pmB.7:29pmC.8:57pm.D.11:02pm.【答案】21—23CBB【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一些火車信息，包括失物招領(lǐng)、公共假期安排以及列車出發(fā)時(shí)間等信息。人與自我，人與社會(huì)社會(huì)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)的主題。三道都為細(xì)節(jié)信息題，考查學(xué)生獲取事實(shí)性信息的能力，適合定位法。21.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Forticketinformation,pleaseaskyourlocalstationorcall131230.”查詢車票信息，請向您當(dāng)?shù)氐能囌驹儐柣驌艽?31230”可知，你可以詢問當(dāng)?shù)剀囌净驌艽?31230來獲得車票信息。故選C。22.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Lostproperty部分中“ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocatedatRomaStreetstation.（失物招領(lǐng)處周一至周五早上7:30到下午5:00營業(yè)，位于羅馬街車站。）”可知，在RomaStreet你可以找到失物招領(lǐng)辦公室。故選B。23.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Guardiantrains部分中信息，從起始地Central出發(fā)，開往目的地VarsityLakes的火車是下午7:29開車。由此可知，如果你要從Central去往VarsityLakes，你應(yīng)當(dāng)乘坐下午7:29的火車。故選B。第二節(jié)七選五2021年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（新高考I卷）MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.____36____Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.Theplacewasn’tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing(水管)worked.____37____Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,“Ouverturedesportes,”inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andit’sashameIdon’thavemuchuseforit.Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.____38____Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.____39____OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecornertothefoodmarkettopickupsomegroceries.Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency.Youcantellthisbycaféslife.Frenchcafésarealwayscrowded.____40____Whendothesepeoplework?TheFrenchtaketheir35-hourworkweekseriously—soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【答案】36—40FCGEA【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要講述了作者夫婦兩人在巴黎居住的感受。首先，作者介紹了她住的房子；其次，說明了巴黎人生活非常精致的原因；最后，說明法國人對待生活的態(tài)度，相較于工作效率他們更看重生活品質(zhì)。36.F上文“MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.(我丈夫和我剛在巴黎待了一周)”說明了背景；下文“Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.(所以我們做的第一件事就是租了一個(gè)非常昂貴公寓，在第六層，只有一個(gè)櫥柜那么大)”是空格處的結(jié)果，因此空格處需要填原因；根據(jù)F項(xiàng)“Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.(我們的目標(biāo)是看看我們是否在某種程度上可以活的像巴黎人。)”可知，作者要在巴黎住下來，所以需要租房子，兩句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。故選F項(xiàng)。37.C上文“Theplacewasn’tentirelyauthentic,though.(不過，這個(gè)地方并不是地道的法國住房)”是段落的中心句，說明第二段主要內(nèi)容是講解公寓的情況。下文提到了樓宇和電梯的情況。C項(xiàng)“Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.(有一個(gè)漂亮的廚房和一張舒適的床)”提到了廚房和床，這些都屬于公寓的配置。故選C項(xiàng)。38.G上文“...theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.(他們吃得很好，而且從不發(fā)胖)”提及了食物。下文“Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.(法國草莓嘗起來不像紙板。相反，它們會(huì)像小炸彈一樣在你嘴里爆炸)”在說明法國的草莓很好吃。上下文結(jié)合可知，因?yàn)榉▏氖澄镔|(zhì)量很高，所以不用吃很多就能很滿足，同時(shí)吃的少也就不會(huì)發(fā)胖了。G項(xiàng)“Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.(食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快樂)”符合語境要求。故選G項(xiàng)。39.E第三段主要描述了作者夫妻去了采購了食物，買了草莓。下文“MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!(我丈夫和我都認(rèn)為這是我們吃過的最好的水果。但它們要18美元!)”說明法國的水果好吃但是也很貴。選項(xiàng)E“That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatl