高一英語必修二Unit4同步測試(ReadingandThinking)基礎知識練一、詞性轉化puzzlevt.迷惑；使困惑→n.謎；疑問→adj.令人困惑的→adj.困惑的，糊涂的legaladj.法律的；合法的→adv.合法地→adj.非法的→adv.違法地；非法地surroundvt.圍繞；包圍→adj.周圍的→n.環(huán)境achievementn.成就；成績；達到→vt.完成；達到locationn.地方；地點；位置→adj.位于→vt.使坐落于vi.定位；定居evidencen.證據(jù)；證明→adj.明顯的eageradj.熱切的；渴望的→adv.熱切地；渴望地→n.渴望；熱心；熱切crowdn.人群；一群人；民眾vt.擠滿；使……擁擠→adj.擁擠的【答案】puzzlepuzzlingpuzzledlegallyillegalillegallysurroundingsurroundingsachievelocatedlocateevidenteagerlyeagernesscrowded二、單詞拼寫Thereisno(證據(jù))thatheisthemantoblame.Itisdifficultforateachertogive(個別的)attentiontochildreninalargeclass.Forexample,England,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationand(法律的，adj.)systems.The(主要的)problemwehaveintheareanowisthespreadofdisease.Therewereanumberof(地方)wherethekingsofEgyptbuiltpyramids.You’llneedsomecashinlocal(貨幣)butyoucanalsouseyourcreditcard.Icanfindnothingtosayin(防衛(wèi))ofhisaction.Heisanexcellentlawyerwithagoodbrain,whohasmadegreataallhislife.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)Mr.Smithlikesto(圍繞)himselfwithstudentsaskinghimquestions.Thebombinghasbeenfarmorewidespreadthanthe(軍隊)willadmit.【答案】evidence/proof2.individual3.legal4.chief/main/major5.locationscurrency7.defence8.achievements/chievements9.surround10.military三、短語填空Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIreland(脫離)theUK,whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Themindneedsexercise(同……一樣)thebody.Theancientvase(屬于)theQingDynastywillbealsoonexhibition.Hereisalistofsome(有毒的蘑菇).Theycanlookdifferentdependingonthe(地點和氣候).【答案】brokeawayfromaswellasbelongingtopoisonousmushroomslocationandclimate四、課文填空What’sInaName?（課文P40-41）TheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,Britain,England--manypeopleare_1_______(confuse)bywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.Sowhatisthe_2_________(different)betweenthem,ifany?_3_______(get)toknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle.Inthe16thcentury,thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoined_4_____theKingdomofEngland.Later,inthe18thcentury,thecountryScotlandwasjoined_5_______(create)theKingdomofGreatBritain.Inthe19thcentury,theKingdomofIrelandwasaddedtocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland._6_______(final),inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIreland_7_____(break)awayfromtheUK,whichresulted_8______thefullnamewehavetoday:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname:“theUnitedKingdom”or“theUK”.PeoplefromtheUKarecalled“British”,_9_____meanstheUKisalsooften_10______(refer)toasBritainorGreatBritain.Thefourcountries_11_______belongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.Theyuse_12_____sameflag,known_13______theUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitary_14_______(defend).However,theyalsohavesomedifferences._15______example,England,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferent_16_________(educate)systemsandlegalsystems.Theyalsohavetheirown_17________(tradition),liketheirownnationaldaysandnationaldishes.Andtheyevenhavetheirownfootballteams_18______competitionsliketheWorldCup!TheUnitedKingdomhas_19_______longandinterestinghistorytoexplore,_20_____canhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbe_21________(surround)byevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeople_22_____tookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.Thefirstgroup,theRomans,_23_____(come)inthefirstcentury.Someoftheirgreatachievementsincluded_24_____(build)townsandroads.Next,theAnglo-Saxonsarrivedinthefifthcentury.Theyintroducedthe_25______(begin)oftheEnglishlanguage,andchangedtheway_26______peoplebuilthouses.TheVikingscameintheeighthcentury,leftbehindlotsofnewvocabulary,andalsothenamesofmany_27________(location)acrosstheUK.ThelastgroupweretheNormans.They_28____________(conquer)Englandafterthewell-knownBattleofHastingsinthe11thcentury.Theyhadcastles_29_______(build)allaroundEngland,andmadechanges_30____thelegalsystem.TheNormanswereFrench,_31____manyFrenchwordsslowlyenteredintotheEnglishlanguage.Thereissomuchmore_32______(learn)abouttheinterestinghistoryandcultureoftheUnitedKingdom.Studying_33_______historyofthecountrywillmakeyourvisitmuchmore_34_______(enjoy).ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart,asitis_35_____ancientportcitythathasahistory_36_______(date)allthewaybacktoRomantimes.Therearecountlesshistoricsitestoexplore,andlotsofmuseums_37_____ancientrelicsfromallovertheUK.TheUKisa_38_______(fascinate)mixofhistoryandmodernculture,withbothnew_39________oldtraditions.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,youwillbesurprised_40_________(find)thatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.【答案】1.confused2.difference3.Getting4.to5.tocreate6.Finally7.broke8.in9.which10.referred11.that/which12.the13.as14.defence15.For16.education17.traditions18.for19.a20.which21.surrounded22.who/that23.came24.building25.beginnings26.that/inwhich27.locations28.conquered29.built30.to31.so32.tolearn33.the34.enjoyable35.an36.dating37.with38.fascinating39.and40.tofind能力提升練五、改寫句子AsTeachers’Dayisapproaching,classmatesdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantday.（句型轉換）→,classmatesdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantday.(with復合結構)→,classmatesdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantday.(介詞短語)【答案】WithTeachers’DayapproachingWiththeapproachofTeachers’Day【解析】考查with復合結構和介詞短語。句意：隨著教師節(jié)的臨近，同學們決定舉辦一個聚會來慶祝這個重要的日子?！皐ith+賓語+賓補”結構可以用來作狀語，Teachers’Day和approach之間是主謂關系，且這里表示正在進行，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。另外，介詞with可以表示“隨著”，所以這里也可用“with+賓語”的介賓結構，“教師節(jié)的臨近”可表示為theapproachofTeachers’Day，approach作名詞時意為“臨近，靠近”。故答案為WithTeachers’Dayapproaching；WiththeapproachofTeachers’Day。Thisprojectwasdesignedtohelpthestudentsinneed.Butitjustdidn’tworkoutasplanned.(同義句轉換)Thisprojectjustdidn’tworkoutasplanned.(過去分詞短語作定語)Thisprojectjustdidn’tworkoutasplanned.(定語從句)【答案】designedtohelpthestudentsinneedwhich/thatwasdesignedtohelpthestudentsinneed【解析】考查句子結構。句意：這個項目是為了幫助有需要的學生而設計的。但事情并沒有按計劃進行。根據(jù)句型轉換要求可知，Thisproject用過去分詞短語作定語，它和design之間是被動關系，用過去分詞作定語，因此第一空填designedtohelpthestudentsinneed；Thisproject后也可以加定語從句，先行詞為Theproject，從句缺少主語，可用which/that引導從句，故填whichwasdesignedtohelpthestudentsinneed。故填designedtohelpthestudentsinneed；which/thatwasdesignedtohelpthestudentsinneed。Youcanhavemuchincommonwiththem．Itcanhelpyougetalongwellwiththem（用非限制性定語從句合并句子）→Youcanhavemuchincommonwiththem，．【答案】whichcanhelpyougetalongwellwiththem【解析】考查非限定性定語從句。句意：你可以和他們有很多共同之處，這樣可以幫你和他們相處得好。根據(jù)提示可知，用Itcanhelpyougetalongwellwiththem修飾前面的句子，即句子作為先行詞，用關系代詞which，句中it指代前面整個句子，故用which替換it，故本句改寫為：whichcanhelpyougetalongwellwiththem。TongXinisaniceandbeautifulgirl．Sheis17yearsold．Shehasbigeyesandlonghair．（合并為一句）→TongXin，，isaniceandbeautifulgirl．【答案】aged17/whois17yearsoldwithbigeyesandlonghair【解析】考查定語。句意：童欣是一個善良漂亮的女孩。她17歲。她有大大的眼睛和長頭發(fā)。根據(jù)提示可知，本句將“17歲”作為“TongXin”的定語，“有大眼睛和長頭發(fā)”作為“girl”的定語；“17歲的”aged17/whois17yearsold，“有大眼睛和長頭發(fā)的”withbigeyesandlonghair，故本句可改寫為：aged17/whois17yearsold；withbigeyesandlonghair。Sheiseasy-goingandwarm-heartedSheisalwaysreadytohelpothers．（用形容詞作狀語改寫句子，并合為一句）→，sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers．【答案】Easy-goingandwarm-hearted【解析】考查形容詞作狀語。句意：她很隨和而且熱心。她總是時刻準備好幫助他人。根據(jù)提示可知，此處考查形容詞狀語，修飾主語she,“隨和且熱心的”easy-goingandwarm-hearted，故本句改寫為：Easy-goingandwarm-hearted。Pleasewriteletterstoourrelativesandfriendsbyhand．Don’tsende-mails．Itisagoodidea．（用it作形式主語改寫句子，并用ratherthan合并為一句）→toourrelativesandfriendsbyhand．【答案】Itisagoodideatowritelettersratherthansende-mails【解析】考查it作形式主語。句意：請用手給你的朋友和親人寫信。不要發(fā)郵件。這是個好主意。根據(jù)提示，本題考查itis+n+todosth做某事是……，“給朋友和親人用手寫信是個好主意”itisagoodideatowriteletterstoyourrelativesandfriends;ratherthan而非/而不是，其后用動詞原形，“而非發(fā)送郵件”ratherthansende-mails,故本句可改寫為:Itisagoodideatowriteletters；ratherthansende-mails。閱讀理解“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,”wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.Well,notanymoreitisnot.Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavouritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notinspiration.FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDeVirisIllustribus(OnFamousMen),highlightingthevirtus(orvirtue)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,hechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.Overtime,theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist’spersonalexperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictorianauthorSamualSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplores.“Thevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepowerofself-help,ifpatientpurpose,resoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,issuingintheformulationoftrulynobleandmanycharacter,exhibit,”wroteSmiles.“whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself.”HisbiographiesofJamesWalt,RichardArkwrightandJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.Thiswasallabitbourgeois(庸俗的)forThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonaparte.Theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.Noteveryonewasconvincedbysuchbombast(浮夸的描寫):“Thehistoryofallexistingsocietyisthehistoryofclassstruggle”wroteMarxandEngelsinTheCommunistManifesto.“Itisman,reallivingman,whodoesallthat.”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthepast.Ittransformedthepublichistory:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricHobsbawm.Wholenewrealmsofunderstanding—fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies—wereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthediversityoflostsocieties.1．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1mean?A．Historyisnomorethanapressingliterarycraze.B．Historyshouldbethestoryofsomeepochalheroes.C．Historyisaguidethroughatoughlifeforworkingmen.D．Historyshouldbeinspirationalratherthanempathetic.2．Accordingtothearticle,______dismissedvirtuesasunnecessaryforsuccessfulrulers.A．Petrarch B．SamuelSmilesC．ThomasCarlyle D．NiccoloMachiavelli3．Accordingtothearticle,MarxandEngels______.A．emphasizedthevirtuesofreallivingmenB．stressedtheuniquenessofpersonalexperiencesC．focusedontheworthylivesoftrulyheroicpeopleD．heldthatitisthepeoplewhomaketheirownhistory4．Whatcanweinferfromthearticle?A．Howpeopleappreciatethepasthasneverchanged.B．Historyfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.C．Newrealmsofunderstandinggreatmeninhistorywereopenedup.D．ChristopherHill,EPThompson,andEricHobsbawmwereVictoriansages.本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了歷史寫作中偉人歷史的傳統(tǒng)和變化，以及不同時代所強調的價值觀和主題。1.【答案】B【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線句子“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,”wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.(“世界的歷史，人類在這個世界上取得成就的歷史，歸根結底是在這個世界上工作過的偉人的歷史，”維多利亞時代的圣人托馬斯·卡萊爾寫道。)”以及下文“Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavouritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.(突然之間，英國似乎與它最喜歡的歷史形式分道揚鑣了。這可能只是一時的文學熱潮，但它也指出了一個更廣泛的事實，即我們現(xiàn)在如何對待過去：不太關心向祖先學習，而更感興趣的是感受他們的痛苦。)”可推測，劃線句子的意思是歷史應該是一些劃時代英雄的故事。故選B。2.【答案】D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,hechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.(這就是NiccoloMachiavelli顛覆的傳記傳統(tǒng)。在《君主論》中，他推崇狡猾、無情和大膽，而不是美德、仁慈和正義，作為成功領導人的技能。)”可知，NiccoloMachiavelli認為美德對于成功的統(tǒng)治者來說是不必要的。故選D。3.【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段“Noteveryonewasconvincedbysuchbombast(浮夸的描寫):“Thehistoryofallexistingsocietyisthehistoryofclassstruggle”wroteMarxandEngelsinTheCommunistManifesto.“Itisman,reallivingman,whodoesallthat.”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.(并非所有人都為這樣的浮夸所折服：“所有現(xiàn)存社會的歷史都是階級斗爭的歷史，”馬克思和恩格斯在《共產黨宣言》中寫道?！笆腔钌娜藙?chuàng)造了一切?！倍鴼v史應該是大眾的故事，是他們斗爭的記錄。)”可知，馬克思和恩格斯認為歷史是人民的歷史，是人民創(chuàng)造了自己的歷史。故選D。4.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthepast.Ittransformedthepublichistory:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricHobsbawm.Wholenewrealmsofunderstanding—fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies—wereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthediversityoflostsocieties.(這種傳統(tǒng)徹底改變了我們對過去的看法。它改變了公共歷史下層階級變得和上層階級一樣迷人。英國培養(yǎng)了ChristopherHill、EPThompson和EricHobsbawm，取代了ThomasCarlyle。從性別到種族再到文化研究，隨著學者們對失落社會的多樣性的剖析，全新的理解領域被打開了。)”可知，文章認為歷史寫作的傳統(tǒng)是敘述偉人的生平，但歷史也應該是關于大眾的故事，是他們斗爭的記錄，即來自底層的歷史與偉人生平傳記并存。故選B。七、完形填空TheUnitedStatesyoumaynotknowTheUnitedStatesistheonlysuperpowerintheworld,anditisfarmoreadvancedthananyothercountry.However,wecan’tsimplyoweits1andprosperitytoitsluckyescapefromthedestructionofthetwoworldwars.Whatothernationsshould2istheAmericanspiritanditssocialsystem.ThemostobviousfeaturesoftheAmericanspiritare3andpragmatism(務實思想).Nearly70%oftheimportantinventionshavebeenmadeintheUSsincethefirstindustrialrevolution.SincetheUSoccupiessuchanimportantpositioninscienceandtechnology,naturallyithasbecomethefirstsuperpowerintheworld.Americansarealways4withwhattheyhaveachieved,andtheyhaveanappetiteforadventureovertheloveof5.Europeancountrieshavebeenpursuingareformistpolicyof“hightaxandhighwelfare”sincethe1960s,whileonlytheUS6thepolicyof“highriskandhighreturn”.7,theUShasbecometheleaderofthethirdindustrialrevolution(intechnologyofinformation,materialsandbiology).Highsalaryisnottheonly8thatthetalentsfromothercountriesfindintheUnitedStates.SomecharacteristicsofAmericansocietyshouldnotbe9.Familybackgroundsandgreatwisdominbuildingconnectionsandplayinguptotheboss,towhichgreatimportanceisattachedinothercountries,arenotsoimportantto10developmentintheUS.Mostpeopleareonthesamestartingline,andwhetheronecansucceedornotdependsonhisownabilityandhardwork.However,theAmericancharacterisfullofparadoxes(矛盾).TheAmericanpeoplearebothextremelyromanticandpragmatic.TheAmericanisa(n)11people,butineveryfieldthereareworkaholics.TheAmericansareopen-mindedbuttheyareveryconservativeoncertainmatters.SinceChina’sreformandopening-uptotheoutsideworld,manymediainWesterncountrieshavegreatly12theirattitudestowardsChina.However,theAmericanmediaaresingingthesameoldtuneagainstChinaastheywereintheColdWarperiod.TheAmericans13freedom,buttheirgovernmentisveryfondofinterferinginothercountries’internalaffairs.What’smostpuzzlingisthattheAmericans14authority,buttheyhighlyrespectthelawsandregulationsofthesociety.Therefore,insuchanationthatvaluespersonalliberty,thesocietycanstillbekeptingoodorderandoperatewithhigh15.Isitodd?Noonecanprovideasatisfactoryanswer.A．powerfulness B．ability C．energy D．resourceA．reflecton B．dealwith C．agreeto D．carryoutA．preservation B．perseverance C．curiosity D．creativityA．dissatisfied B．concerned C．engaged D．pleasedA．nature B．competition C．ease D．innovationA．goesagainst B．sticksto C．exposesto D．givesupA．Afterall B．Asaresult C．Inotherwords D．AboveallA．potential B．passion C．attraction D．recommendationA．considered B．mentioned C．ignored D．definedA．staff B．assemble C．private D．individualA．pleasure-seeking B．outgoing C．self-disciplined D．well-educatedA．maintained B．changed C．adopted D．comparedA．oppose B．rebel C．care D．valueA．show B．admire C．challenge D．establishA．efficiency B．spirits C．honour D．status本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是一個你可能不知道的美國。1．【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我們不能簡單地把它的強大和繁榮歸功于它幸運地躲過了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的毀滅。A.powerfulness強大，有力；B.ability能力；C.energy精力；D.resource資源。根據(jù)空后的“andprosperitytoitsluckyescapefromthedestructionofthetwoworldwars.”可知，此處與prosperity并列，所以此處應為“強大”符合語境。故選A項。2．【答案】A【解析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：其他國家應該反思的是美國的精神和它的社會制度。A.reflecton反思；B.dealwith處理；C.agreeto同意；D.carryout執(zhí)行。根據(jù)上文中的“wecan’tsimplyoweits____1____andprosperitytoitsluckyescapefromthedestructionofthetwoworldwars.”可知，美國的強大與繁榮不能簡單的歸因于逃離的兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的毀滅，所以，其他國家還需要“反思”美國強大與繁榮的原因還有美國的精神與社會制度。故選A項。3．【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：美國精神最明顯的特征是創(chuàng)造力和務實思想。A.preservation保護；B.perseverance毅力；C.curiosity好奇心；D.creativity創(chuàng)造力。根據(jù)下文中的“Nearly70%oftheimportantinventionshavebeenmadeintheUSsincethefirstindustrialrevolution.”可知，重要發(fā)明的70%都是在美國創(chuàng)造的，所以，此處指的是美國的“創(chuàng)造力”符合語境。故選D項。4．【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：美國人總是不滿足于他們所取得的成就，他們渴望冒險而不是安逸。A.dissatisfied不滿的；B.concerned擔憂的；C.engaged忙于；D.pleased高興的。根據(jù)下文中的“andtheyhaveanappetiteforadventure…”可知，他們渴望冒險，由此可知，此處指的是他們對所取得成就“不滿足”。故選A項。5．【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：美國人總是不滿足于他們所取得的成就，他們渴望冒險而不是安逸。A.nature自然；B.competition比賽；C.ease輕松；D.innovation改革。根據(jù)上文中的“theyhaveanappetiteforadventureover”可知，他們渴望冒險而不是喜歡“安逸”，其中“冒險”與“安逸”相對應。故選C項。6．【答案】B【解析】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：歐洲國家自上世紀60年代以來一直奉行“高稅收、高福利”的改革主義政策，只有美國堅持“高風險、高回報”的政策。A.goesagainst違反；B.sticksto堅持；C.exposesto接觸；D.givesup放棄。根據(jù)上文中的“Europeancountrieshavebeenpursuingareformistpolicyof“hightaxandhighwelfare”sincethe1960s,”可知，歐洲國家奉行“高稅收、高福利”的改革主義政策，while表示對比，所以此處與“改革”相對，所以此處指的是“堅持”符合語境。故選B項。7．【答案】B【解析】考查固定短語詞義辨析。句意：因此，美國成為第三次工業(yè)革命(信息、材料和生物技術)的領導者。A.Afterall畢竟；B.Asaresult因此；C.Inotherwords換句話說；D.Aboveall更重要的是。根據(jù)句意可知，空后“theUShasbecometheleaderofthethirdindustrialrevolution(intechnologyofinformation,materialsandbiology).”與空前的內容之間為因果關系，所以此處表示“因此”。故選B項。8．【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：高薪并不是其他國家的人才在美國發(fā)現(xiàn)的唯一吸引力。A.potential潛力；B.passion激情；C.attraction吸引力；D.recommendation推薦。根據(jù)上文中的“Highsalary”以及下文中的“thatthetalentsfromothercountriesfindintheUnitedStates.”可知，其他國家的人才來美國，高薪不是唯一的“吸引力”。故選C項。9．【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：美國社會的一些特點不應被忽視。A.considered考慮；B.mentioned提到；C.ignored忽略；D.defined定義。根據(jù)上文中的“Highsalaryisnottheonly____8____thatthetalentsfromothercountriesfindintheUnitedStates.”可知，高薪不是唯一其他國家的人才在美國發(fā)現(xiàn)的吸引力，由此可知，在美國還有很多不容“忽視”的特點吸引其他國家的人才來美國。故選C項。10．【答案】D【解析】考查名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在其他國家非常重視的家庭背景，以及在建立關系和討好老板方面的大智慧，在美國對個人發(fā)展并不那么重要。A.staff全體人員；B.assemble聚集；C.private私人的；D.individual個人的。根據(jù)下文中的“whetheronecansucceedornotdependsonhisownabilityandhardwork.”可知，一個人成功與否取決于自己的能力和努力，由此可知，此處指的是對“個人的”發(fā)展并不那么重要。故選D項。11．【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：美國人是一個追求快樂的人，但每個領域都有工作狂。A.pleasure-seeking享樂主義的；B.outgoing外向的；C.self-disciplined自律的；D.well-educated受到良好教育的。根據(jù)下文中的but可知，此空處與下文中的“ineveryfieldthereareworkaholics”為轉折關系，“工作狂”對應的事“尋找快樂”。故選A項。12．【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：自從中國改革開放以來，西方國家的許多媒體對中國的態(tài)度發(fā)生了很大的變化。A.maintained維持；B.changed改變；C.adopted采納；D.compared比較。根據(jù)下文中的“However,theAmericanmediaaresingingthesameoldtuneagainstChina”可知，此處與空處所在的內容為轉折關系，美國的媒體唱著同樣的老調子反對中國，由此可知，此空處指的是許多歐洲國家的媒體對中國的態(tài)度發(fā)生了很大的“改變”。故選B項。13．【答案】D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：美國人崇尚自由，但他們的政府卻很喜歡干涉別國的內政。A.oppose反對；B.rebel造反；C.care關心；D.value重視，崇尚。根據(jù)下文中的“buttheirgovernmentisveryfondofinterferinginothercountries’internalaffairs.”可知，此空處與此處的內容為轉折關系，此處指的是他們喜歡干涉別國內政，由此可知，空處指的是“崇尚”自由，其中的“干預別國內政”與“崇尚自由”相對應。故選D項。14．【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最讓人困惑的是，美國人挑戰(zhàn)權威，卻高度尊重社會的法律法規(guī)。A.show展示；B.admire羨慕；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.establish成立。根據(jù)下文中的“buttheyhighlyrespectthelawsandregulationsofthesociety”可知，此處內容與but前的內容為轉折關系，他們“尊重社會法律法規(guī)”，對應的是他們“挑戰(zhàn)權威”。故選C項。15．【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，在這樣一個重視個人自由的國家，社會仍然可以保持良好的秩序和高效的運行。A.efficiency效率；B.spirits精神；C.honour榮耀；D.status地位。根據(jù)上文中的“thesocietycanstillbekeptingoodorder”可知，社會可以保持良好的秩序，社會也就可以“高效地”運行。故選A項。八、語法填空ThePalaceMuseum’sclockcollection,morethan1,500innumber,isarguablyoneofthemostbreathtakingclockpreservationsworldwide.1(make)betweenthe18thcenturyandthe20thcentury,somewerecraftedinBritain,FranceandSwitzerland,somewerefromtheClockWorshipoftheQingPalace,theotherswere2mixtureofboththeEastandtheWest.The3(major)ofBritishclocksfeaturebronzecasesinlaidwithsplendidlycolorfuljewels.Theyarediverse4form,recreatingallkindsofarchitectureandnaturalsights,andoftenincludeautomatic5(decorate)suchasfountains,movingfigures,boatsandbirds.TheseclocksrepresentthehighestlevelofcraftsmanshipinBritain.MostoftheFrenchclocksherearetheproductsoftheearly20thcentury.Whetherintermsoftheme6decorativestyle,theFrenchclocksinthecollectionhaveastyleof7(they)own,anddeservetheirplaceinhistory.TheSwisstimepieces8(most)comprisesmall,unconventionallyshapeddeskclocksanddelicatepocketwatches.Theywerespeciallymade9(suit)thetastesofChinesecustomers.Clocksmayturnbackintime,buthumansmayneverdreamofdoin