大學英語四級考試2024年6月真題(第三套)Directions:Supposeyouruniversityisseekingstudents'opinionsonwhetheruniversitycanteensshouldbeopentothepublic.Youarenowtowriteanessaytoexpressyourview.Youwillhave30minutesforthetask.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.談辰教育特別說明：由于多題多卷，官方第三套真題的聽力試題與第二套真題的一致，只是選項順序不同，因此，本套試卷不再提供聽力部分。SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Overthecomingdecades,millionsofjobswillbethreatenedbyroboticsandartificialintelligence.Despiteintensiveacademic26_onthesedevelopments,therehasbeenlittlestudyonhowworkers27_tobeingreplacedthroughtechnologyTofindout,businessresearchersatTUMandErasmusUniversityRotterdamconducted11studiesandsurveyswithover2,000personsfromseveralcountries.Thefindingsshow:Inprinciple,mostpeopleviewitmore28whenworkersarereplacedbyotherpeoplethanbyrobotsorintelligentsoftware.Thispreference29_,however,whenitreferstopeople'sownjobsWhenthatisthecase,themajorityofworkersfinditlessupsettingtoseetheirownjobsgotorobotsthantootheremployees.Inthelongterm,however,thesamepeopleseemachinesasmorethreateningtotheirfutureroleintheworkforce.Theseeffectscanalsobeobservedamongpeoplewhohaverecentlybecomeunemployed.Theresearcherswereabletoidentifythecausesbehindthese30paradoxicaresults,too:Peopletendto31_themselveslesswithmachinesthanwithotherpeople.Consequently,beingreplacedbyarobotorsoftware32lessofathreattotheirfeelingofself-worth.Thisreducedself-threatcouldevenbeobservedwhenparticipantsassumedthattheywerebeingreplacedbyotheremployeeswhoreliedontechnologicalabilitiessuchasartificialintelligenceintheirwork.“Evenwhenunemploymentresultsfromthe33ofnewtechnologies,peoplestilljudgeitinasocialcontext,”saysChristophFuchs,oneoftheauthorsofthestudy.“Itisimportanttounderstandthese34effectswhentryingtomanagethemassivechangesintheworkingworldtominimize35insociety.”A)compareB)contradictsC)conventionalD)debateE)disruptionsF)drasticallyG)favorablyH)guaranteeI)introductionJ)modificationsK)posesL)psychologicalM)reactN)reversesO)seeminglySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Noescapeas'snowday'becomesfe-learningday’A)Certaininstitutions,suchasschools,arelikelytoclosewhenbadweather,suchassnow,floodingorextremeheatorcold,causestraveldifficulties,poweroutages(斷供),orotherwiseendangerspublicsafety.WhensnowyweatherarrivesintheUS,itmeansthechanceofschoolchildrenbenefitingfromthelong-standingtraditionofthe“snowday”,whenschoolsareforcedtocloseandstudentsgetanunexpecteddayoff.B)Thecriterionforasnowdayisprimarilytheinabilityofschoolbusestooperatesafelyontheirroutesanddangertochildrenwhowalktoschool.Often,theschoolremainsofficiallyopeneventhoughbusesdonotrunandclassesarecanceled.Severeweatherthatcausescancellationordelayismorelikelyinregionsthatarelessabletohandlethesituation.SnowdaysarelesscommoninmorenorthernareasoftheUnitedStatesthatareusedtoheavywintersnowfall,becausemunicipalitiesarewellequippedtoclearroadsandremovesnow.Inareaslessaccustomedtosnowevensmallsnowfallsofaninchortwomayrenderroadsunsafe.C)SnowdaysareafamiliarthemeinAmericanfilmandTVshows,withchildrengettingthegoodnewsandthenrunningoutsideforsomeseasonalsnowman-buildingandsnowballthrowing,againstabackgroundofjoyfulpopmusic.ButthetraditionisnowoverforpupilsinseveralUSstatessuchasSouthCarolina,Nevada,GeorgiaandIndiana.Thisacademicyear,manyschoolboardshaveintroducedpolicieswhichrequirestudentstoworkfromhomeiftheschoolisshutbysnoworextremeweather.Theyareknownas“e-learningdays”,whichcertainlysoundslessfunthanasnowday.D)Teachersarealsolosingtheirsnowdaysandinsteadwillbeexpectedtobeonhandtotakeavirtualregisterandanswerstudents'questionsonline.ApilotprogrammeinaschooldistrictinAndersonCounty,SouthCarolina,hassuppliedstudentswithelectronictabletsloadedwithassignmentstocompleteintheeventofaschoolclosure.Ifitissuccessful,itcouldberolledoutacrossthestate.E)ButsomeparentsobjecttothenewpolicyifthevigorousdebateontheFacebookpageofAndersonCountyschooldistrictisanythingtogoby.“Whenitsnows,letthekidsenjoyit,”saidonecommenter.Anothersaidthedecisionwould“ruinschoolevenmore”,andsomeoneelsecalledsnowdays“afunpartofchildhood”.Butsupportersofthepolicysayitmeanschildrenwillmissfewerdaysofschool.ItwillalsobringtoanendalesspopularUShighschooltradition:the“make-upday”,whichrequiresstudentsinmanystatestomakeupthetimelostduetoweatherbyworkingduringschoolholidays.F)StudentsinNorthCarolinaalreadyhaveseveralmake-updaysscheduledbecauseofschoolclosuresduringHurricaneFlorence,whichstruckinSeptember.TomWilson,thesuperintendent(主管)ofAndersonCountyschooldistrict,saidthechangeawayfromsnowdaysmakespracticalandfinancialsense.Hesaidtechnologyhaschangedeveryprofession,soitmakessensetouseitto“eliminate”make-updays.AdamBakeroftheDepartmentofEducationinIndianasaide-learningdayswereprovinga“greatsuccess”.HesaidmostIndianaschoolsalreadyusedigitaldevicesduringlessons,soitwasan“easydecision”toextendthistodayswhenschoolsareclosed.Hedeniesthedecisionisdeprivingchildrenofthechancetoenjoythesnow.“Studentsarestillabletoenjoysnowdaysandoutsidetime,”hesaid.“ManyhavePEandscienceassignmentsthathavethemoutenjoyingtheweather.”ButlocalschoolsuperintendentsinOhioareresistingproposalstoadopte-learningdays.Theyfearthatstudentswithoutinternetaccessathomewillbedisadvantagedbythepolicy,andsuperintendentTomRothisconcernedthate-learningdayswillofferalowerqualityofeducation.G)Therearealsoso-called“blizzardbags”,withassignmentsthatchildrentakehomeaheadofanexpectedsnowclosure.ButMrRothsaysitisnotsufficientasareplacement.“Ithinkwestillneedtheclasstimetogiveourkidstheeducationthattheydeserve,”hesaid.“Youcan'tgetthatwithablizzardbagordoingtheworkfromhomelikethat.It'snotgoingtobeaseffective.”H)Thereisalong-runningdebateonwhethermissingdaysofschoolaffectsattainment.InEngland,therehasbeenafocusontacklingabsenteeism(曠課)fromschool.TheDepartmentforEducation(DFE)publishedresearchin2016arguingthatmissinganydaysatschoolcouldhaveanegativeimpactonresults.Evenafewdayslostinayearcouldbeenoughtomissoutongettingagoodexamgrade,theDFE'sresearchconcluded.ThisdifferedfromthefindingsofastudyfromHarvardUniversityintheUS,whichconcludedthatmissingafewoccasionaldaysbecauseoftheweatherdidnotdamagelearning.I)TheHarvardstudyexaminedsevenyearsofschoolresultsdataandcouldnotfindanyimpactfromsnowclosures.Whatcausedmoredisruptionwaswhenschoolstriedtostayopeninbadweather,eventhoughmanystaffandpupilswereabsent.Butweathercanmakeadifferencetoschoolresults,accordingtoanotherpieceofHarvardresearchpublishedlastsummer.It'shotweatherthathasthenegativeimpact.Theresultsof10millionschoolstudentswereexaminedover13yearsandresearchersfounda“significant”linkbetweenyearswithextremelyhotweatherandlowerresults.J)It'sobviousthatstudentsshouldgotoschooleverydaytogetthemostoutofeducation.Incasesofextremeweatherstudentsdon'talwayshavethatoption.However,researchshowsthatauthorisedabsencesfromschoolsuchasduringextremeweatherarelessproblematicforstudentsthanabsencesthatarenotauthorised.Thisisbecauseunauthorisedabsencestendtoreflectpatternsandbehavioursofstudentdisengagement,orthepossiblenegativeattitudesofparentstowardseducationthatstudentsadoptandcarrywiththemthroughschooling.Thelevelofimpactonstudents'educationalperformanceisalltodowiththelengthoftimethatastudentisabsentfromschoolandhowregularlythisoccurs.36.Thereisoppositiontothepracticeofgivingchildrenassignmentstotakehomebeforeextremeweatherforcesaschoolclosure.37.NewpoliciesadoptedbymanyUSschoolsrequirestudentstodoonlinelearningathomeincaseofaschoolclosure38.Accordingtosomeresearch,extremehotweathernegativelyaffectsstudents'performance.39.Thereisatime-honouredtraditionintheUSforschoolkidstostayathomeon“snowdays”.40.Debatesonsocialmediashowsomeparentsareopposedtoendingthe“snowday”tradition.41.InmorenorthernregionsoftheUS,schoolislesslikelytobeaffectedbysnowyweather.42.Researchindicatesabsencesfromschoolwithpermissiondonotcauseasmanyproblemsasthosewithoutpermission.43.Thereisobjectiontoe-learningdaysowingtofearthatstudentswithnoaccesstotheInternetathomewillsuffer44.Inapilotprogramme,studentsaregivenelectronicdevicestodoassignmentswhenschoolsareclosed.45.Along-standingdebateisgoingonovertheimpactofschoolabsencesonstudents'academicperformance.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itmaysoundsurprising,butyoudon'thavetobeinterestedinfashion,oreveninhistory,toenjoyDressCodes:HowtheLawsofFashionMadeHistory.Ihappentobeinterestedinboth,andendedupenjoyingthebookforcompletelydifferentreasons.RichardThompsonFordisalawprofessor,andyouprobablywon'tforgetthatforevenonepage.Hiscarefullyreasonedarguments,packedwithexamples,soundalmostlikereadingacourtopinion,onlymaybewordier.Youwillprobablyneverthinkoffashionasatrifleagain.Ford'sthesisisthatthebestwaytounderstandwhatparticularfashionsmeantinanygiveneraistolookattherestrictionsplacedonthem.Throughthislens,heshowsusthatthefirstlawspassedinthe1200stoensurethatonlythenobilitywereallowedtowearcertainfabrics,colorsandornamentsreflectedtheriseofthemiddleclass,whowerenowabletoimitatesomeofthesefashions.Thestatusoftheupperclasseswasthreatened;fashionwasatooltopreserveit.Fordtakesthereaderthroughtheevolutionoffashionwhileexaminingtheunderlyingmotivationsofstatussex,power,andpersonality,which,heassumes,influencedallinnovationsinfashioninthepastandwhichcontinuetoinfluenceustoday.Hiswritingismorethanalittledense—densewithresearch,clauses,andpreciseadjectivesandnouns.Butthere'salsohumorandenoughinterestingepisodestomakethewritingappealing.Nooneissparedhissharpanalysis:nottheeasytargetsof19thcenturywomen'scrippling(傷害身體的)fashionsnorthemodernuniformsofSiliconValleyT-shirts.Butthegreateststrengthofthisbook(onfashion!)isitsintellectualprofoundness.Fordasksustoquestionunconsciousbeliefs,torealizethatwealmostneverdoso,tounderstandthatthesimplestchoicesarechargedwithmeaning,andyetthatmeaningcananddoeschangeallthetime.Considerthefactthata1918cataloginsistedthatboysandgirlsbedressedintheappropriatecolor.Webelieveourthinkingtodayisevolved;Fordshowsusit'snot.46.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthebookDressCodes:HowtheLawsofFashionMadeHistory?A)ItisreadbypeopleforentirelydifferentreasonsB)Itismeantforthoseinterestedinfashionhistory2222C)Itmakesenjoyableaswellasinformativereading.D)Itconvertsfashionintosomethingfordeliberation.47.Howcanpeoplebestunderstandaparticularfashioninanera,accordingtoFord?A)Byexaminingtherestraintsimposedonit.C)Byglancingatitsfabrics,colorsandornaments.B)Bylookingatwhatthenobilitywerewearing.D)Bydoingasurveyoftheupperandmiddleclasses.48.Whatwastheaimofthefirstlawspassedregardingfashioninthe1200s?A)TofacilitatetheriseofthemiddleclassC)Tohelpinitiatesomenovelfashions.B)Toloosenrestrictionsondresscodes.D)Topreservethestatusofthenobles.49.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofFord'swriting?A)ItusescomparisonandcontrastindescribingfashionsofdifferenterasB)ItmakesheavyreadingbutisnotlackinginhumororappealC)Itisfilledwithinterestingepisodestosparereadersintolerableboredom.D)Itischaracteristicofacademicsinpresentingarguments.50.WhatdoestheauthorsayisthegreateststrengthofFord'sbook?A)Plentifulinformation.C)EvolvedthinkingB)Meaningfulchoices.D)IntellectualdepthPassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theartofpersuasionmeansconvincingotherstoagreewithyourpointofviewortofollowyourcourseofaction.Forsomeofus,persuasionisaninstinctivequalityandthepowerofinfluencingcomesnaturally.Fortherestofus,persuasionskillscanbelearnedanddevelopedovertime.Employersplaceagreatvalueonemployeeswithpersuasionskillsbecausetheycanimpactseveralaspectsofjobperformance.Besides,teamworkandleadershiprelyheavilyonthepowerofpersuasiontogetthingsdone.Withoutpersuasionskills,employeesmaynotbeascommittedtoorconvincedoftheimportanceofanorganization'svisionandlong-termmission.Effectiveuseofpersuasionskillswillnotonlyhelpgetyourcoworkersexcitedaboutyourideas,it'llalsohelpyoumotivatethemtoachieveacommongoal.Inordertolearntheartofpersuasionattheworkplace,youneedtounderstandhowtohandleconflictsandreachagreements.Goodcommunicationisthefirststepineffectivepersuasion,butlogicandreasoningarejustasimportant.Beforeyoucangetsomebodyon-boardwithyourgoal,youshouldhelpthemunderstandwhytheyshouldpursueit.Usingvisualaidstobackupyourideascanhelpcommunicateyourideasbetterandmakecompellingargumentssoyourlistenerswillcometoalogicalchoiceandbecomefullycommittedtoyourideasandplans.Successfulpersuasionskillsarebasedonyourabilitytohavepositiveinteractionsandmaintainmeaningfulrelationshipswithpeople.Inordertosustainthoserelationships,youmustbeabletoworkintheirbestinterestsaswell.Yourcoworkersaremorelikelytoagreewithyouwhentheysucceedalongsideyou.Themoretheyachieveandthegreaterprogresstheymake,themoretheytrustyourjudgementandstrength.Wepersuadeandgetpersuadedeveryday—we'reeitherconvincingorbeingconvinced.Avastmajorityofpeopleprefercollaborationandteamworkovertraditionalorganizationalstructures;noonelikestobetoldwhattodoortobepushedaround.Therefore,organizationsandleadersshouldadoptpowerfulpersuasionskillstobringaboutnecessarychanges.51.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheabilitytobepersuasiveinthefirstparagraph?A)Peoplemayeitherbebornwithitorbeabletocul