三模前閱讀理解專題練15

題組一

A

SmartHomeProductsforLivingaConnectedLife

Whatmakessomethingasmarthomeproduct?Generally,it'sdefinedbyitsabilitytoconnecttoaWi-Fi

network,allowinguserstointeractwithitfromtheirsmartphones.We'veroundedupsomecool,diverseofferings

thatyou5!!lovetohaveinyourhome.

NestCamIQ

$299.00

TheNestCamIQisabeautifullydesignedhomesecuritycamerathatcanrecognizefaces.Itcanwamyouif

there'sastrangerinyourhome.Thedevicealsosupportstwo-waycommunicationviabuilt-inmicrophonesanda

powerfulspeaker.

LogitechHarmonyElite

$249.99

TheLogitechHarmonyEliteisoneofthebestuniversalremotecontrolsavailableonthemarket.Itcancontrol

justabouteverypieceofelectronicsyouown(itsupportsover270,000devices!)ineveryroomofyourhouseor

apartment,includingTVs,streamingdevices,andsoundsystems.

AppleHomePod

$349.00

TheAppleHomePodhasbetteraudioqualitythananyothersmartspeakeravailabletoday.Availableinwhite

orspacegray,theSiri-powereddevicealsoallowsyoutocontrolanumberofdeviceswithyourvoice.

AugustSmartLockPro

$279.99

TheAugustSmartLockProiscompatible(兼容的)withmostlocks.Amobileappallowsyoutomanage

accesstothelock,checkitsusagehistory,andgetinformedwhensomeoneopensthedoor.Youcancontrolitand

checkonthestateofyourdoorwithvoicecommands.

【語篇簡析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了智能家居產(chǎn)品，讓生活互聯(lián)，并提供了一些智能家居產(chǎn)品供了

解。

56.WhatcantheNestCamIQhelpyoudo?

A.ProperlyuseyoursmartphonecameraB.Controlelectronicswithyourvoice.

C.Checkthelocksofyourhouse.D.Keepyourhomesafe.

【答案】D

【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段：TheNestCamIQisabeautifullydesignedhomesecurity

camerathatcanrecognizefaces.Itcanwarnyouifthere'sastrangerinyourhome.Thedevicealso

supportstwo-waycommunicationviabuilt-inmicrophonesandapowerfulspeaker.（NestCamIQ是一

款設計精美的家庭安全攝像頭，可以識別人臉。如果家里有陌生人,它會提醒你。該設備還支持通

過內(nèi)置麥克風和強大的揚聲器進行雙向通信。）可知，該設備可保障家居安全。故選D項。

57.Whichdevicecanhelpyouoperatealmostallyourelectronicequipmentremotely?

A.NestCamIQ.B.AppleHomePod.

C.AugustSmartLockPro.D.LogitechHarmonyElite.

【答案】D

【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第三段：Itcancontroljustabouteverypieceofelectronicsyou

own（itsupportsover270,000devices!）ineveryroomofyourhouseorapartment,including

TVs,streamingdevices,andsoundsystems.（它可以控制你家里或公寓每個房間里的幾乎每一件電

子產(chǎn)品（它支持超過27萬臺設備!），包括電視、流媒體設備和音響系統(tǒng)。）可知，可遠程控制家居電

了?設備的是LogitechHarmonyElite。故選D項。

B

Theword“invent"comesfromaLatinwordwhichmeans"tofind.^^GarrettMorgan,anAfrican-American,

wasonesuchinventor.Hisfirstjobwasrepairingmachinesinafactory.Byaccident,hehadinventedthehair

straightener.Hesoldhisproductsandthencontinuedwithhiscareerasaninventor.

Everyday,GarrettMorganwatchedtrafficbecomemoredangerous.Cars,bicyclesandwalkersallcompeted

tocrossthestreet.Policeofficersmadesimple"stop/go"signalsatbusycrossroads,butcars,bicyclesandwalkers

stillrushedintothecrossroadsatdifferentspeedsandmanycrashedintoeachother.Onedayhesawatraffic

accidentbetweenacarandabicycleatabusycrossroads,herealized,theproblemwiththetrafficlight,wasits

poordesign:thetrafficsignallackedatransition（過渡）between"stop"and"go.”

Morganinventedanewtrafficsignalthataddeda“caution（警告）“l(fā)ightthatmadetrafficmovemoresmoothly

andsafely.HistrafficlightstoodonaT-shapedpolewitharmsthatflashedaredlighttostoptrafficinalldirections,

allowingwalkerstocrosssafely.Afterwalkerscrossed,trafficcouldonlygoinonedirection.

Soon,citieseverywherewantedhistrafficlight.In1923,apopularelectriccompanypaidMorgan$40,000to

makeandsellhisinvention.Trafficlightstodayworkinthesamebasicway.

ThetrafficlightisMorgan9smostfamousinvention.In1963,theUnitedStatesgovernmentgaveGarrett

Morgananawardfbrhislife-savingidea.

【語篇簡析】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了交通燈的發(fā)明人GarrettMorgan以及他是如何發(fā)明的交通燈的。

58.WhatcanwelearnaboutGarrettMorganfromParagraph1?

A.Heworkedinafactoryallhislife.B.Heledahardlifeinhisearlyyears.

C.Hemademoneyfromhairstraighteners.D.Hedreamedofbeinganinventorwhenhewasachild.

【答案】C

【解析】推理判斷題。由第?段“Byaccident,hehadinventedthehairstraightener.Hesoldhisproductsand

thencontinuedwithhiscareerasaninventor''可知，偶然間,他發(fā)明了直發(fā)器。他賣掉了自己的產(chǎn)品，

然后繼續(xù)他的發(fā)明家生涯。所以從第一段我們可以「解到GarrettMorgan靠直發(fā)器賺了錢。故選

C項。

59.WhatmadeMorganinventthetrafficlight?

A.Atrafficaccident.B.Acardriver'sadvice.

C.Worryabouthissafety.D.Hardworkofpoliceofficers.

【答案】A

【解析】推理判斷題。由第二段“Onedayhesawatrafficaccidentbetweenacarandabicycleatabusy

crossroads,herealized,theproblemwiththetrafficlight,wasitspoordesign:thetrafficsignallacked

atransition（過渡）between“stop"and"go."可知，一天，他在一個繁忙的十字路口看到一輛汽車和一

輛自行車之間發(fā)生了交通事故。他意識到,紅綠燈的問題在于它的設計不好：交通信號燈在“?！?/p>

和“走'’之間缺少一個過渡燈。所以是交通事故讓GarrettMorgan發(fā)明了交通燈。故選A項。

60.Accordingtothetext,GarrettMorgan'strafficlight.

A.madecarsmovemoreslowly.B.needednohelpfrompoliceofficers.

C.wasspecialbecauseithada4tcaution^^light.D.wasverydifferentfromtheonesweusetoday.

【答案】C

【解析】細節(jié)理解題。由第三段“Morganinventedanewtrafficsignalthataddeda"caution（警告）“l(fā)ightthat

madetrafficmovemoresmoothlyandsafbly”可知,GarrettMorgan發(fā)明了一種新的交通信號燈，它

增加了一個瞥告”燈，使交通更加順暢和安全。所以根據(jù)短文,GarrenMorgan的紅綠燈特別是因為

它有一個“警告,，燈。故選c項。

C

ArchaeologistsusedDNAtakenfromabrokenclaypipestemfoundinMarylandtobuildapictureofan

enslavedwomanwhodiedaround200yearsagoandhadoriginsinmodern-daySierraLeone.Oneresearcher

calledthework“amind-blower.”

“Inthisparticularcontext,andfromthattimeperiod,Ithinkit'safirst,“teammemberHannesSchroedertold

TheWashingtonPost.6UTobeabletogetDNAfromanobjectlikeapipestemisquiteexciting.Alsoitisexciting

fordescendant（后裔）communities...Throughthistechnology,they'reabletomakeaconnectionnotonlytothesite

butpotentiallybacktoAfrica.,,

ThepipestemwasfoundattheBelvoirplantationinCrownsville,Maryland,whereenslavedpeoplelived

until1864andwherealikelyslavecemeterywasrecentlyfound.DNAtakenfromthepipelinkedbacktoawoman

eitherdirectlyfromordescendedfromtheMendepeople,wholivedinwestAfrica,inanareanowpartofSierra.

JulieSchablitsky,thechiefarchaeologistwiththeMarylandstatehighwayadministration,toldThePostthe

discovery,basedonsaliva（唾液）absorbedintotheclaypipe,wasa“mind-blower”.Shealsosaidrecordsshowthe

existenceofaslavetraderouteSierraLeonetoAnnapolis,plied（定期往來）byBritishandAmericanships."As

soonaspeoplesteppedonthoseslaveshipsinAfrica/shesaid,''whethertheywerefromBeninorwhetherthey

werefromSierraLeone,wherevertheywerefrom,thatidentitywaslost.Theirhumanityisstrippedfrom.Who

theyareasapeoplehasgone.”

ThenewanalysisispartofongoingresearcharoundBelvoirthathasgivendescendantsofthepeopleenslaved

therenewinsightintothelivesoftheirancestors.SpeakingtoThePost,NancyDaniels,agenealogistfromLaurel,

Maryland,whothinkssheisadescendantofenslavedfamiliesfromBelvoirbutwasnotlinkedtotheresearchon

thepipe,calledthediscovery"overwhelming."“I'msittinghereaboutreadytocry,“shesaid."I'msorry.Tmso

happy...ThankGodfortheDNA.”

Thisyear,eventsandceremoniesarebeingheldtomarkthe400thanniversaryofthearrivalofthefirst

enslavedpeopleinAmerica,atJamestown,Virginia,in1619.SlaverywaseffectivelyabandonedintheUSon1

January1863,withtheissuebyAbrahamLincolnoftheEmancipationProclamation.Itformallyendedin

December1865,afterthecivilwar,withtheapprovalofthe13thamendment（修正案）.

【語篇簡析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了考古學家在一根舊管子上提取的DNA揭示了被奴役者的起源。

61.Whatdoesthephrase“amind-blower^^inparagraphs1and4referto?

A.AsurpriseB.AconfusionC.AnexcitementD.Afascination

【答案】C

【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“TobeabletogetDNAfromanobjectlikeapipestemisquiteexciting.

Alsoitisexcitingfordescendant（后裔）communities.”可知，能夠從一個像管柱一樣的物體中提取

DNA是相當令人興奮的，對后代社區(qū)來說也是令人興奮的，由此可知畫線詞指的是“一件令人興奮

的事情”，故C項正確、

62.AccordingtoHannesSchroeder,thepipestemwasofgreatsignificancebecause.

A.itwasthefirstdirectevidencethatslaveslivinginMarylandwereoriginallyfromAfrica.

B.ithelpedthearchaeologiststodrawaportraitoftheenslavedwoman.

C.itmightcontributetoidentifyingthebirthplaceofthedescendantcommunities.

D.itcontainedgeniccluestotheancestralbackgroundofitsowner.

【答案】D

【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Throughthistechnology,they'reabletomakeaconnectionnotonlyto

thesitebutpotentiallybacktoAfrica.“可知，漢內(nèi)斯施羅德說通過這項技術(shù)，他們不僅可以與發(fā)現(xiàn)它

的地點建立聯(lián)系，還可能與非洲它主人的祖先建立起聯(lián)系，由此可知,漢內(nèi)斯施羅德認為這根管柱

具有重要的意義是因為它包含了它主人的祖先背景的基因線索，故C項正確。

63.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.TheownerofthepipeoncelivedinwhatisnowanareainwestAfrica.

B.ThehistoryofslaveryinAmericaisanongoingtopicofconcern.

C.AfricanslaveslosttheiridentitieswhentheyarrivedattheBelvoirplantation.

D.NancyDaniels,agenealogistwassorryfornotbeinginvolvedintheresearch.

【答案】B

【解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段中的“ArchaeologistsusedDNAtakenfromabrokenclay

pipestemfoundinMarylandtobuildapictureofanenslavedwomanwhodiedaround200yearsago

andhadoriginsinmodern-daySierraLeone.”可知，考古學家利用從馬里蘭州發(fā)現(xiàn)的?個斷裂的粘

土管柱上提取的DNA確定了這個奴隸的起源，這只是持續(xù)進行的奴隸制研究的一個新成果，由此

可知，美國奴隸制的歷史一直是一個令人關(guān)注的話題，故B項正確。

64.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.DNAfromanoldpipethrowslightsontheoriginsoftheenslaved

B.AnewresearchrevealstheoriginsofenslavedAfricanwoman

C.Thedescendantsofenslavedpeopleseektheiridentities

D.DNAcontributestothebreakthroughofanewresearch

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)笫一段中的“ArchaeologistsusedDNAtakenfromabrokenclay

pipestemfoundinMarylandtobuildapictureofanenslavedwomanwhodiedaround200yearsago

andhadoriginsinmodern-daySierraLeone.”可知，考古學家利用從馬里蘭州發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個斷裂的粘

土管柱上提取的DNA,繪制/一張200年前死去的奴隸婦女的照片，她的出生地是現(xiàn)代的塞拉利

昂，由此可知，本文主要講的是一根舊管子上的DNA揭示了被奴役者的起源，故A項正確。

D

ProfessorStephenHawkingrecentlycameoutwithaseriouswarningforpeople.WhileattheStaimus

Festival,afestivalinTrondheim,Norway,celebratingscienceandthearts,Hawkingwarnedpeoplethatthehuman

raceisinseriousdanger.

HawkingcriticizedPresidentDonaldTrumpfordenyingclimatechange.Thenthephysicistwarnedthe

audience,amnotdenyingtheimportanceoffightingclimatechangeandglobalwarming,unlikeDonaldTrump,

whomayjusthavetakenthemostserious,andwrong,decisiononclimatechangethisworldhasseen.^^

HawkingproposedthattheleadingcountriesshouldsendastronautstotheMoonbefore2020torestarta

movementofmoreexplorationinspace.BBCreportedthatHawkingsuggestedthatwe“buildalunarbasein30

years'timeandsendpeopletoMarsby2025.”

AccordingtoBBC,ProfessorHawkingsaid,"Spreadingoutintospacewillcompletelychangethefutureof

humanity."Hecontinued,44Ihopeitwouldunitecompetitivenationsinasinglegoal,tofacethecommonchallenge

forusalL^^Thephysicistsharedmoreideastomotivatetheyoungergenerationtocontinueexploringspace.

Hawkingstated,ctanewandambitiousspaceprogramwouldexcite（youngpeople）,andstimulateinterestinother

areas,suchasastrophysicsandcosmology.^^

Hawkingalsorevealedhisvisionforotherformsofenergythatcouldmoveustoanewplanet.Hewarnedthe

audience,uTheEarthisunderthreatfromsomanyareasthatitisdifficultformetobepositive.^^Hecontinued,

“Ournaturalresourcesarebeingdrained,atanalaimingrate.Wehavegivenourplanetthedisastrousgiftsof

climatechange,risingtemperatures,reductionofthepolaricecaps,deforestation,anddecimation（大量毀滅）of

animalspecies.Wecanbeignorant,unthinkinglot（人）

Theprofessorwarnedtheaudiencethatdoingnothingwouldleadnowhere.Hesaid,“Ifwesucceed,wewill

sendaprobe（航天探？則器）toAlphaCentauriwithinthelifetimeofsomeofyoualivetoday.Itisclearweare

enteringanewspaceage.Wearestandingatthethreshold（起點）ofanewera.Humancolonizationandmovingto

otherplanetsisnolongersciencefiction,anditcanbesciencefact.^^Hawkingadvisedtheaudiencetomoveto

otherworldsbecausewearerunningoutofspace.

【語篇簡析】這是?篇說明文。講述了史蒂芬?霍金教授在挪威特隆赫姆舉行的慶祝科學和藝術(shù)的斯塔姆斯

節(jié)上警告人們，人類正處于嚴重的危險之中，人們應該重啟更多的太空探索活動。

65.AccordingtoHawking,whatisthefirststepforhumanstospreadoutintospace?

A.Tobuildalunarbase.B.TosendpeopletoMars.

C.TosendastronautstotheMoon.D.Tochangethefutureofhumanity.

【答案】C

【解析】細節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合第三段第一句Hawkingproposedthattheleadingcountriesshouldsendastronauts

totheMoonbefore2020torestartamovementofmoreexplorationinspace.（霍金提議,主要國家應在

2020年前將宇航員送上月球，以重啟更多的太空探索運動）可知，將宇航員送上月球是人類向太空

擴張的第一步。故選C項。

66.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“asinglegoal“inParagraph4referto?

A.Spreadingoutintospace.

B.Facingthecommonchallengeofhumans.

C.Stimulatingyoungpeople'sinterestinotherareas.

D.Motivatingtheyoungergenerationtoexplorespace.

【答案】B

【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)詞匯所在句子后的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)tofacethecommonchallengeforusall（面對我們

所有人共同的挑戰(zhàn)），可以得出這是對劃線詞asinglegoal的同位語解釋，即Facingthecommon

challengeofhumanso故選B項。

67.Theunderlinedword“drained“inParagraph5canbereplacedby"

A.speededupB.storedC.usedupD.explored

【答案】C

【解析】詞義猜測題。結(jié)合第五段的倒數(shù)第二句Wehavegivenourplanetthedisastrousgiftsofclimatechange,

risingtemperatures,reductionofthepolaricecaps,deforestation,anddecimation（大量毀滅）of

animalspecies.（我們給地球帶來了災難性的禮物：氣候變化、氣溫上升、極地冰蓋減少、森林砍

伐和動物物種滅絕），可知我們正在給這個星球帶來災難性的破幻。然后回到劃線句子，就可知道本

句說的是資源正在用盡。由此推知，劃線詞drained意為“用盡”。故選C項。

68.WhatisHawking'sattitudetowardstheEarth9sfuture?

A.WorriedB.ConfusedC.PositiveD.Indifferent

【答案】A

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的Hewarnedtheaudience,4tTheEarthisunderthreatfromsomanyareas

thatitisdifficultformetobepositive.”（他警告觀眾說:“地球正受到如此多地區(qū)的威脅，我很難保持

樂觀?？芍?，霍金對于地球的未來是擔憂的。故選A項。

69.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A.Towarntheaudiencethathumansareindanger.

B.Topredictwhatwillhappentotheearthinfuture.

C.Tostressthathumansareenteringanewspaceage.

D.Toencouragetheaudiencetomovetootherplanets.

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Humancolonizationandmovingtootherplanetsisnolongerscience

fiction,anditcanbescienceHawkingadvisedtheaudiencetomovetootherworldsbecausewe

arerunningoutofspace.（人類殖民和遷移到其他星球不再是科幻小說,它可以是科學事實。霍金建

議觀眾搬到其他世界去,因為我們的空間快用完了）可知，本段主要闡述鼓勵觀眾們搬遷到其他的

星球。故選擇D項。

70.Thereasonwhyhumansmustleaveearthsoonisthat.

A.theEarthisunderthreatandthehumanraceisinseriousdanger

B.anewandambitiousspaceprogramwouldexciteyoungpeople

C.astronautshavefoundabetterworldinthespacethantheEarth

D.humanshavefoundotherformsofenergytomovetoanewplanet

【答案】A

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章開頭Hawkingwarnedpeoplethatthehumanraceisinseriousdanger.（霍金教

授告誡人類正處于嚴重的危險之中）和文章第五段倒數(shù)中的Wehavegivenourplanetthedisastrous

giftsofclimatechange,risingtemperatures,reductionofthepolaricecaps,deforestation,and

decimation（大量毀滅）ofanimalspecies.（我們給地球帶來了災難性的禮物：氣候變化、氣溫上升、

極地冰蓋減少、森林砍伐和動物物種滅絕）,結(jié)合最后一段的描述，可知人類必須很快離開地球的原

因是地球正受到威脅，人類正處于嚴重的危險之中。故選A項。

題組二

A

UniversityofCambridgehasseveralfundstosupportuniversityathletes.Fullinformationcanbefoundbelow:

TASS-TheTalentedAthleteScholarshipScheme

LaunchedinApril2004,TASSisdesignedtohelppromisingyoungathleteswhowanttobalancetheir

sportingambitionswithaUniversityorcollegeeducation.

IfyouwouldliketobeconsideredfortheTASSScheme,pleasecontactyourNationalGoverningBodytosee

ifyouareeligible.YoucanfindoutmoreaboutTASShere.

UCAPP-UniversityofCambridgeAthletePerformancesProgramme

UCAPPwassetupin1985thankstothekindgenerosityofMarkHanson,whowasaModernPentathlete

duringhistimeatCambridge.

Thisprogrammeaimstoprovidecoreservicesthatanyhigh-performanceathleteswouldbenefitfrom

includingLifestyleManagement,Physiotherapy,StrengthandConditioning,NutritionAdvice,SportsPsychology

SupportandGymMembership.

Tofindoutmoreinformation,pleaseclickhere.

TheEricEvansFund

TheEricEvansFundwassetupin1996.TheFundisintendedtosupportstudentswhowishtoimprovetheir

personalsportingperformancebeyondUniversitylevel,ortoenablethemtoundertakequalificationsinconnection

withofficiating,coachingortheadministrationofsport.

ThefundismanagedbytheDirectorofSportandtwootherpersonsappointedbytheSportsCommittee.If

youstillhaveanyfurtherquestion,pleasesendane-mailtotheManagers.

TheHawksCharitableTrust

TheTrustwasestablishedinJanuary1996witharelativelysmallcapitaldonatedbysomeofthemembersto

providefinancialhelptocurrentCambridgeUniversitystudents,maleandfemale,whosesportingactivitieswere

beingheldbackbyfinancialproblems.

FormoreinformationonthisTrust,includingthequalificationsrequiredforapplication,pleaseseetheHawks

Website.

【語篇簡析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹「劍橋大學4個贊助校園運動員的基金會的情況。

56.WhatisspecialaboutUCAPP?

A.Itfavorsthepromisingyoungathletes.

B.Itrequiresnoqualifications.

C.Itisintendedforhigh-performanceathletes.

D.Ithelpstoimprovestudents'personalsportingperformance.

【答案】C

【解析】細節(jié)理解題。由第四段Thisprogrammeaimstoprovidecoreservicesthatanyhigh-performance

athleteswouldbenefitfrom可知這個項目旨在提供核心服務,讓任何技術(shù)高的運動員可以從中獲

益。故選C。

57.Whichprogrammewillyoufavorifyourclubneedsmoneyforasportgame?

A.TheEricEvansFundB.UCAPP

C.TASSD.TheHawksCharitableTrust

【答案】D

【解析】細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段toprovidefinancialhelptocunentCambridgeUniversitystudents,male

andfemale,whosesportingactivitieswerebeingheldbackbyfinancialproblems可知TheHawks

CharitableTrust這個項目給目前在劍橋大學的有經(jīng)濟困難的學生，不論男女，提供經(jīng)濟支持。故選

Do

B

Whatisbodysurfing?

Bodysurfingisrelatedtoridingonawavewithnohelpfromaidtoolssuchasasurfboard.That'swhyitis

calledthe“purest"formofsurfing.Infact,itisoneofveryfewextremesports—freeclimbingandcliffdivingare.

others—thatcanbepracticedusingnothingbutthehumanbody.

Howdoyoudoit?

Tocatchawave,swimtowherethewavesbreakand,asoneapproaches,startswimmingtowardsthebeach.

Youmusttrytotravelatthesamespeedasthewaveand,ifyoudoitcorrectly,youwillfeelthewaveliftingyou

andpushingyouforwards.Thentryandcutalongthesurfaceofthewave.

Whatdoyouneed?

Itismoreenjoyableandsaferifyouuseflippers(largeflatrubbershoes).Thisisbecausetheyenableyouto

swimfasterandsurfalongthemmoreeasily.Awetsuitisalsoadvisable.Anotheraidisahandboard,amini-surf

boardaboutthesizeofaniron,heldinonehandtospeedupalongthewave.Ifyouareluckyenoughtobesurfing

inwarmwater,makesureyouhaveyourboardshortsattheready.

Unofficialworldchampionship

Bodysurfingisnotaprofessionalsport,butinHawaiithereissuchafestivalcalledthePipelineBodysurfing

Classiceachyear.LocalbodysurferscompeteagainstathletesfromplacessuchasAustralia,Brazil,JapanorFrance.

FamousbodyboarderMikeStewarthaswontheeventnofewerthan12times,andKellySlater,thegreatestsurfer

inhistory,hasalsocompeted.

【語篇簡析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項非專業(yè)的運動——人體沖浪。

58.Howdoesabodysurfersurfwhileinthesea?

A.Onlyusingthehumanbody.B.Onlyrelyingonasurfboard.

C.Onlyfollowingawave.D.Onlyswimmingalongthebeach.

【答案】A

【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段Bodysurfingisrelatedtoridingonawavewithnohelpfromaidtools

suchasasurfboard.和thatcanbepracticedusingnothingbutthehumanbody.可知，人體沖浪是在沒

有沖浪板等輔助工具幫助的情況下在海浪上沖浪。故選Ao

59.Whichcanmakeyousurffaster?

A.Flippersandawetsuit.B.Awetsuitandahandboard.

C.Ahandboardandboardshorts.D.AhandboardandFlippers.

【答案】D

【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段Itismoreenjoyableandsaferifyouuseflippers(largeflatrubbershoes).

如果你使用腳蹊會更舒適、更安全，和Anotheraidisahandboard,amini-surfboardaboutthesizeof

aniron,heldinonehandtospeedupalongthewave.一只手拿著沖浪板可以加速沖浪。故選D。

60.WhatcanweknowaboutthePipelineBodysurfingClassic?

A.Itisforlocalbodysurfers.B.ItisheldannuallyinHawaii.

C.Allfamousbodysurfersfavorit.D.MikeStewartattendsiteveryyear.

【答案】B

【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Bodysurfingisnotaprofessionalsport,butinHawaiithereissucha

festivalcalledthePipelineBodysurfingClassiceachyear.在夏威夷每年都會有一個名為管道人體沖

浪經(jīng)典的節(jié)日。故選B。

C

Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.

Theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,and

werequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.

Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersand

BorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafrom

fisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass（theamountofliving

biologicalmatter）offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.

AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators（animalsthatkillandeatother

animals）inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insome

long-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.

Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhas

improved.Today'svessels（船）canfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.

Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpast

islikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlines（多鉤長線）

wouldhavebeenmorefilledwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaited

hooks（帶餌鉤）wouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.

FurtheiTnore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.That

isnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnowo

Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementefforts

musttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe"shifting

baseline*'.Theideaisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheocean

becausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggests

thatthemaximumsustainableyield（產(chǎn)量）thatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatarget

speciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevelso.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.

【語篇簡析】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了大型海洋動物也面臨著像史前大型動物一樣滅絕的危險，人們應該根

據(jù)情況的變化調(diào)整捕魚基線以保持海洋漁業(yè)的最大生物量。

61.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat.

A.largeanimalswereeasilyhurtinthechangingenvironment

B.smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared

C.largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday

D.slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones

【答案】C

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequickly

huntedtoextinction.Nowso