年全國一卷高考英語真題第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給出的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。1.AThegreeningofplanes,trainsandautomobilesMovinggoodsandpeoplearoundtheworldisresponsibleforalargepartofglobalCO?emissions(排放).Astheworldracestodecarbonizeeverything,itfacesparticularproblemswithtransportation—whichaccountsforaboutaquarterofourenergy-relatedgreenhousegasemissions.Here'sthebreakdownoftheemissionsin2018fordifferentmodesoftransport.Thefuelsfortransportneedtobenotjustgreen,cheapandpowerful,butalsolightweightandsafeenoughtobecarriedaround.Eachmodeoftransporthasitsspecificfuelneeds.Muchisstilltobesettled,butherearesomeofthesolutionstogetusgoinggreen.Thisenergytransition(變革)isglobal,andtheamountofrenewableenergytheworldwillneedis"alittlebitmind-blowing,"saysmechanicalengineerKeithWipkeattheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory.It'sestimatedthattheglobaldemandforelectricitycouldmorethandoubleby2050.Fortunately,analysessuggestthatrenewablesareuptothetask.“Weneedtospeedupthedevelopmentofgreenenergy,anditwillallgetused,"saysWipke.(1)Whatpercentageofglobaltransportemissionsdidroadvehiclesaccountforin2018?A.11.6%.B.45.1%.C.74.5%.D.86.1%.(2)WhichmodeoftranspA.Planes.B.Trucks.C.Trains.D.Ships.A.Limitingfuelconsumption.B.Puttingmoreeffortintorenewables.C.Improvingenergyefficiency.D.Makingelectricitymoreaffordable.【答案】(1)C(2)C(3)B【解析】(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由圖表中ROADVEHICLES道路車輛包括ROAD(PASSENGER)（45.1%）和ROAD(GOODS)（29.4%）可知，兩者相加45.1%+29.4%=74.5%，故選C項。(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二個圖表中“Sometrainsarealreadyelectrifiedthroughrailsorwires;otherscanbemadeelectricinprettysimpleways.”說明火車實現(xiàn)綠色能源相對容易，故選C項。(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中Wipke的話“Weneedtospeedupthedevelopmentofgreenenergy”可知，Wipke建議要在可再生能源發(fā)展上投入更多努力。故選B項。【分值】7.52.B(1)WhoarethepeoplementionA.Ninthgraders.B.Students'parents.C.Modernwriters.D.Fictionalcharacters.(3)WhatdoestheunderA.Mixed.B.Amazing.C.Similar.D.Disturbing.A.Teachingislearning.B.Stillwatersrundeep.C.Knowledgeispower.D.Practicemakesperfect.【答案】(1)D(2)D(3)B(4)A【解析】(1)推理判斷題。由第一段中”Ifoundmyselfwonderingjusthowmystudents,who’dcreatedthesepeople,knewtheirsubjectssowell.”可知，第一段中提到的人物都是學(xué)生作文中創(chuàng)造出的虛構(gòu)角色，故選D項。(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中“ThenIrealizedthattheproblemwasthequestionitself.”可知，學(xué)生對“寫作為何重要”這個話題沒興趣，所以作文寫得差，故選D項。(3)詞義猜測題。由第三段中“Thestudentstookondiversetopicsandturnedinstories,10to20pageseach,withcharactersthatbroadenmyviewandtouchedmyheart.”可知，學(xué)生作品有很多精彩內(nèi)容，“staggering”意思是“令人驚訝的；了不起的”，和“amazing”同義，故選B項。(4)推理判斷題。由最后一段可知，作者原本認(rèn)為寫作是一種重要的交流方式，但通過教學(xué)，從學(xué)生那里領(lǐng)悟到寫作更重要的意義，故選A項?！痉种怠?03.Ctochampion"NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough."SimilarcampaignsoccurredinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970saswell.Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.InAustraliawenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertwenty-sixmillionpeople,amongthehighestrateofcarownershipintheworld.Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwefailtoaccountforthetruecosts.Dowereallyrecognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan'tmovesafelyaroundourcommunities?TheauthorsofMovementhaveitright:it'stimetothinkdifferentlyaboutthatstreetoutsideyourfrontdoor.A.Carsoftengetstuckontheroad.B.Trafficaccidentsoccurfrequently.C.Peoplewalklessanddrivemore.D.Pedestriansfailtofollowtherules.(2)WhatweretheCanadianjourA.Keeptheircitieslivable.B.Promoteculturaldiversity.C.Helptheneedyfamilies.D.Makeexpresswaysaccessible.A.Theyboostedthesalesofcars.B.Theyturnedoutlargelyineffective.C.Theywongovernmentsupport.D.Theyadvocatedbuildingnewparks.A.WhytheRush?B.What'sNext?C.WheretoStay?D.WhotoBlame?【答案】(1)C(2)A(3)B(4)A【解析】(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中”Transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrianmobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren“可知，研究顯示行人流動性下降，很多家長因交通擁堵讓孩子坐車上學(xué).因此，指出了人們走路少、開車多這一現(xiàn)象。故選C項。(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中”JaneJacobscalledonhermayortochampion’NewYorkasadecentplacetoliveandnotjustrushthrough’“可知，加拿大記者等發(fā)起運(yùn)動阻止破壞當(dāng)?shù)毓珗@，呼吁讓城市成為適宜居住的地方，故選A項。(3)推理判斷題。由第四段中“Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread.Therealityisthat,themajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundthekneesofthemotorcar”可知，雖有運(yùn)動，但多數(shù)西方城市還是圍繞汽車需求重新設(shè)計，可推知澳大利亞的運(yùn)動效果不佳，故選B項。(4)標(biāo)題歸納題。文章圍繞街道設(shè)計、人們出行方式及對生活的影響展開，呼吁重新思考街道功能，“WhytheRush?”能引發(fā)對當(dāng)下匆忙出行、街道設(shè)計只為讓人們快速通過這一現(xiàn)狀的思考，適合做標(biāo)題。故選A項?！痉种怠?04.DMicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.Now,newresearchsuggeststhatasimple,cheapmeasuremaysignificantlyreducethelevelofmicroplasticsinwaterfromyourtap(水龍頭):boilingandfiltering(過濾)it.InastudypublishedWednesdayinEnvironmentalScience&TechnologyLetters,researchersfromChinafoundthatboilingtapwaterforjustfiveminutes—thenfilteringitafteritcools—couldremoveatleast80percentofitsmicroplastics.Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)totraptheplastics.Inthestudy,boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropinplastics.Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate,boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsbyjust25percent.Additionally,theresearchdidn’tincludealltypesofplastics.Theteamfocusedonlyonthreecommontypes—polystyrene,polyethyleneandpolypropylene—andtheydidn’tstudyotherchemicalspreviouslyfoundinwatersuchasvinylchloride.Still,thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplasticexposure—ataskthat’sbecomingincreasinglydifficult.Evenbottledwater,scientistsfoundearlierthisyear,contains10to1,000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.Scientistsarestilltryingtodeterminehowharmfulmicroplasticsare—butwhattheydoknowhasraisedconcerns.Thenewstudysuggestsboilingtapwatercouldbeatooltolimitintake.“Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmicroplasticsweretrappedthroughtheboilingprocesswasnice,”CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay,anenvironmentalengineerattheUniversityofGlasgowinScotlandwhowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,tellsNewScientist.“Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics.”A.Byquotinganexpert.B.Bydefiningaconcept.C.Bygivingexamples.D.Byprovidingstatistics.(2)WhatdeterminestheeffectivenessoftrappA.Thehardnessofwater.B.Thelengthofcoolingtime.C.Thefrequencyoffiltering.D.Thetypeofplasticinwater.(3)WhatdoestheauthorA.Theimportanceofplasticrecycling.B.Theseverityofthemicroplasticproblem.C.Thedangerinoverusingpurewater.D.Thedifficultyintreatingpollutedwater.A.Choiceofnewresearchmethods.B.Possibledirectionforfurtherstudy.C.Needtoinvolvemoreresearchers.D.Potentialapplicationofthefindings.【答案】(1)C(2)A(3)B(4)D【解析】(1)推理判斷題。第一段列舉了微塑料在深海、喜馬拉雅山、火山巖、海鳥胃里、南極雪以及人類體內(nèi)的存在，可知此段是通過舉例說明展開的。故選C項(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中”Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)totraptheplastics.”可知水的硬度（含碳酸鈣量）決定效果，故選A項。(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中”Evenbottledwater,scientistsfoundearlierthisyear，contains10to1000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.“可知，瓶裝水微塑料的含量比之前認(rèn)為的多10-1000倍，故說明了微塑料問題的嚴(yán)重性。故選B項。(4)推理判斷題。由第五段中”Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics.”可知，他提出的是關(guān)于研究結(jié)果在飲用水處理廠升級的建議，即潛在的應(yīng)用方面。故選D項。【分值】10第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)5.閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Needabreakbetweenclassesorjustaquickpick-me-upinthemorning?TheCollegeCafehasjustt(1)CatherineMurphy,acafeworkerinagreeeachcustomergetsexactlywhattheyorder.Shegoeandsays,"Hello,howisyourday?”Evenwhetheyneeditinthemorming,”Murphysaid.BeingamotherandwifeOnethingMurphymaynotknowisthathersmileiscontagious("Ienjoyworkingint【答案】(1)E(2)D(3)C(4)F(5)G【解析】(1)前文提到，課間需要休息一下，還是只想來杯提神飲品？學(xué)院咖啡館能提供的不止于此。選項E“這間咖啡館不僅供應(yīng)飲品，還供應(yīng)微笑。”進(jìn)一步解釋了上文的more，符合語境。(2)前文提到，她在機(jī)器之間來回忙碌地制作飲品,主要描述了她的工作流程。選項D“完成訂單后，她會喊出杯身上的名字?！焙魬?yīng)上下文，符合語境。(3)上文提到Murphy每天早起準(zhǔn)時上班，下文又提到Murphy的話，“我這樣做是為了給學(xué)生們準(zhǔn)備飲品，這是他們需要的?！边x項C“有時她會提前到崗、提前開始工作。”承接上文，又呼應(yīng)下文的so一詞，符合語境。(4)前文提到，一位熱愛咖啡的學(xué)生，每周至少來這家咖啡館6次。選項F“在這里買咖啡讓她每天都有好的開始，也讓她為上課做好了準(zhǔn)備”與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，符合語境。(5)前文提到，她喜歡在這家咖啡館工作。選項G“她已經(jīng)從事服務(wù)工作17年，從未想過在其他地方工作?！边M(jìn)一步說明了她對這份工作的熱愛，符合語境?！痉种怠?2.5第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給出的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。6.閱讀下面短文，從每題所給出的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。(垃圾填埋場)Itookapictureofthevaseandposteditonline,for$10.Acoupleofmessagescamein,onewantingadditional,anotheraskingforapricecut.Asourdaydrewnear,Isettledonanewprice($0)andrepostedit.The:"Ihatethisvase.Maybeyouwon't."Inaninstant,awomanracedintomyhouseandlefthappilywiththevase.,Ipostedmore.MydailypostsandtheIreceivedbecameapreciousrayoflightinthechaosofmyhouse.EachexchangeprovidedachancetothelandfillandtopleaseanotherpersonImightnototherwisehave.Isitinmyapartmenttoday,lovingeachofthethatshareoursmallspace.Itakeinknowingthat,somewherenearby,someoneissomethingthatcouldn'tcomewithus.(1)A.paintingoverB.lookingaroundC.emptyingoutD.pullingdown(2)A.hotelB.officeC.cottageD.apartment(3)A.storeB.displayC.sellD.repair(4)A.coveredB.decoratedC.stuffedD.equipped(5)A.conventionalB.valuableC.complicatedD.tolerable(6)A.feesB.photosC.receiptsD.models(7)A.moveB.payC.marketD.work(8)A.warningB.requestC.descriptionD.reply(9)A.ConfusedB.InterestedC.DisappointedD.Encouraged(10)A.visitsB.reportsC.adviceD.money(11)A.removeB.spareC.findD.check(12)A.investigatedB.recognizedC.encounteredD.recommended(13)A.giveawaysB.postsC.contributionsD.belongings(14)A.joyB.partC.careD.time(15)A.anticipatingB.appreciatingC.deliveringD.withdrawing【答案】(1)C(2)D(3)A(4)C(5)B(6)B(7)A(8)C(9)D(10)A(11)B(12)C(13)D(14)A(15)B【解析】(1)選項：A.paintingover粉刷覆蓋；B.lookingaround環(huán)顧四周；C.emptyingout清空；D.pullingdown拆除。根據(jù)上文“ MyhusbandandIhadjustsoldourhouse”和下文“thebelovedhomeourfamilyhadspent23yearsfillingup”可知，作者剛剛賣掉了房子，忙著清空房子里的多年來堆積的物品。故選C。(2)選項：A.hotel酒店；B.office辦公室；C.cottage小屋；D.apartment公寓。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Isitinmyapartmenttoday”可知，此處指作者一家人搬到了鎮(zhèn)上的公寓。故選D。(3)選項：A.store儲存；B.display展示；C.sell出售；D.repair修理。根據(jù)下文“oursupposedlyimportantobjects”可知，此處指租地方是為了存放重要物品。故選A。(4)選項：A.covered覆蓋的；B.decorated裝飾的；C.stuffed塞滿的；D.equipped被裝配備的。根據(jù)上文我們存放物品以及still一詞可知，此處指房子里仍塞滿物品。故選C。(5)選項：A.conventional傳統(tǒng)的；B.valuable有價值的；C.complicated復(fù)雜的；D.tolerable可容忍的。根據(jù)下文“didn’tbelonginalandfill”可知，此處指雖不貴重但不應(yīng)作為垃圾丟棄的物品。故選B。(6)選項：A.fees費(fèi)用；B.photos照片；C.receipts收據(jù)；D.models模型。根據(jù)上文“Itookapictureofthevase”及下文的“additional”一詞可知，此處指有人要求更多花瓶的照片。故選B。(7)選項：A.move搬家；B.pay支付；C.market市場；D.work工作。根據(jù)下文“daydrewnear”可知，此空指搬家的日子臨近了。故選A。(8)選項：A.warning警告；B.request請求；C.description描述；D.reply回復(fù)。根據(jù)上文“Itookapictureofthevaseandposteditonline”以及下文“Ihatethisvase.Maybeyouwon’t.”可知，此空指是對花瓶的新的描述。故選C。(9)選項：A.Confused迷惑的；B.Interested感興趣的；C.Disappointed失望的；D.Encouraged被鼓舞的。根據(jù)下文“Ipostmore”可知，此處指作者受到鼓舞，持續(xù)發(fā)帖。故選D。(10)選項：A.visits拜訪；B.reports報告；C.advice建議；D.money錢。結(jié)合上文“Mydailyposts”可知，此處指常有人去作者家里拜訪。故選A。(11)選項：A.remove移除；B.spare省得；免去；C.find發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.check檢查。根據(jù)上文語境以及下文“thelandfill”可知，此處指作者用發(fā)帖子的方式處理舊物品，免得去垃圾填埋場丟棄。故選B。(12)選項：A.investigated調(diào)查；B.recognized認(rèn)出；C.encountered遇見；D.recommended推薦。根據(jù)上文“otherwise”一詞可知，此處指作者的行為愉悅了原本不會遇見的人。故選C。(13)選項：A.giveaways贈品；B.posts帖子；C.contributions貢獻(xiàn)；D.belongings所有物。根據(jù)上文“Isitinmyapartmenttoday”可推知，此處指作者在現(xiàn)在的公寓中的所有物。故選D。(14)選項：A.joy喜悅；B.part部分；C.care關(guān)心；D.time時間。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)oving”可知，此處指作者贈送他人舊物愉悅他人，自己也從中獲得了快樂。故選A。(15)選項：A.anticipating期望；B.appreciating感激；欣賞；C.delivering遞送；D.withdrawing撤退。結(jié)合上文可知，此處指在附近某個地方，有人在欣賞著作者帶不走的物品。故選B?！痉种怠?5第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AnexhibitionattheJiushiArtMuseuminShanghaiisfeaturingartworkinspiredbyGo,oneoftheoldestboardgamesintheworld,___(1)___originatedinChinamorethan4,000yearsago.Go,orweiqiinChinese,isoneof

___(2)___

earliestbinary-basedgames.ThemovementsoftheblackandwhitepiecesreflectthebasicideasofEasternphilosophy,accordingtoTuNingning,curatoroftheexhibition."TheexhibitionbringstogetherGoculture,cutting-edgetechnologyandcontemporaryart,"saysTu."Wehope

___(3)___(present)theratherabstractGogameandAIinavisualcontext,andinitiatedialogueswithminimalismart,conceptualartandexpressionism.""Goisagameofalgorithms.Eachmoveshouldservealong-termpurpose.Youtrytoleadtheopponentintoyourtrapandforcethemtofollowyour

___(4)___(guide)tilltheylose,"explainsWangWei,aGoplayeramongthevisitorstotheexhibition."Theplayers'personalities

___(5)___(reveal)duringthegame,andone'sweaknessesareexposedtotheopponent,"sheadds."Adecentwinneralways

___(6)___(try)tooutplaytheopponent

___(7)___

nomorethanoneortwopointsasagestureofmodestyandrespectfortheotherside."Tusaysitwasthebalancebetweentheblackandwhitepieces,beautyinthe

___(8)___(strategy)placementofthepieces,

___(9)___

theenergyflowfollowingeachmovethatinspiredartiststocreateoilpaintings,sculptures,

___(10)___(digital)generatedgraphicsandsilk-screenprintsfortheshowcase.【答案】(1)which(2)the(3)topresent(4)guidance(5)arerevealed(6)tries(7)by(8)strategic(9)and(10)digitally【解析】(1)which考查非限制性定語從句關(guān)系代詞。先行詞為"Go"，在從句中充當(dāng)主語，指物，故填which。(2)the考查冠詞。形容詞最高級earliest前需用定冠詞the。故填the。(3)topresent考查非謂語動詞。hopetodosth.為固定搭配，不定式作賓語，表示"希望做某事"，故填topresent。(4)guidance考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞性物主代詞your后接名詞，故填guide的名詞形式：guidance。(5)arerevealed考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。主語personalities與reveal構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，結(jié)合上下文語境，用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填arerevealed。(6)tries考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。主語adecentwinner為第三人稱單數(shù)，結(jié)合上下文語境，用一般現(xiàn)在時，故填tries。(7)by考查介詞。"以……(數(shù)量)"需用介詞by連接數(shù)量，表示幅度。故填by。(8)strategic考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處需用形容詞作定語修飾名詞placement，故填strategic。(9)and考查連詞。that之后的賓語從句中，主語為三個并列的名詞短語，在后兩個并列的名詞短語中用and連接。故填and。(10)digitally考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處需用副詞修飾動詞generated，故填digitally?！痉种怠?5第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）8.假定你是李華，你班的英語報要增設(shè)一個欄目。外教Jenny提出“Funatmyschool”和“GuesswhoIam”兩個選項供大家選擇。請給Jenny寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：(1)你的選擇；(2)說明理由。注意：(1)寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個左右；(2)請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。【答案】選擇“funsatschool”的書信示例DearEditor,I'mLiHua,apassionatefanofourschoolEnglishnewspaper.I'mwritingtosuggestaddingacolumnnamed“FunsatSchool”,whichhopefullywillenhanceitsreadabilityandinterest.Whenitcomestoschoollife,whatimpressesusaremanydelightfulandmemorablemoments,rangingfromtheexcitingsportsmeetstocreativeartfestivals.Iamfirmlyconvincedthatthisnewcolumncanactasaplatformforstudentstosharethesejoys.Foronething,byfeaturingsuchcontent,thenewspaperwillbecomemorepopularandentertaining.Foranother,addingthe“FunsatSchool”columncannotonlyrecordourhappycampusmoments,strengtheningoursenseofcommunity,butalsoencourageustocherishthelittlejoysaroundus.Idohopeyou'lltakemysuggestionintoaccount,makingournewspapermoreappealingtostudents.Yours,LiHua選擇“guesswhoIam”的書信示例DearEditor,I'mLiHua.I’meagertoproposeanewcolumnnamed“GuessWhoIAm”forourschoolEnglishnewspaper,hopingthatyouwilltakeitintoconsideration.Here'showitworks