試題試題2024北京八十中高一3月月考英語2024年3月（考試時間90分鐘滿分100分）提示：試卷答案請一律填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。在答題卡上，選擇題用2B鉛筆作答，其他試題用黑色簽字筆作答。第一部分：知識運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)選詞填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分；共15分）從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填入句子中，注意使用其正確形式。survive;escape;attempt;rescue;prove;1.Ipassedmydrivingtestatthefirst______.2.Ifcancersarespottedearlythere’sahighchanceof______.3.Manyvictimsremainedtrappedintheburninghotelbeforethey______.4.Ihopethathe______equaltothechallenge.5.Ispottedthatadeliverymannarrowly______fromacaraccidencethismorning.從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z填入句子中，注意使用其正確形式。aheadof;breakdown;runout(of);pickup;ontheedgeof;6.AmundsenputaNorwegianflagandreturnedsafelytotheirstartingbase______theirplannedschedule.7.He______abeautifulvasewhenhewasinRome.8.Overthelast20to30yearsthatonce-safetheories______.9.WeallknowthatSouthChinaTigerisaspeciesthatis______extinction.10.I’mafraidI’mgoingtointerruptyouthere,astime______.第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題，每小題1分；共10分）閱讀下列句子或短文，根據(jù)句子或短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。11.MytwobrothersandIwerecomingbackfromtheislands______weoftenriskedgoingandgotmorefishthanothers.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）12.MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,________,ofcourse,madealltheothersupset.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）13.Thisyear,the13thSpringFestivalJointExhibitionofChineseBooks,______themewas“ReadingChina”,washeldonJanuary24thin85bookstoresworldwide.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）14.Itisachallengingjob______youneedtocloselycooperatewiththeotherteammembers.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）15.Letthoseinneed______(understand)thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）16.WorldEnvironmentDayisaUNEnvironment-ledglobalevent,______takesplaceonJune5everyyearandiscelebratedbythousandsofcommunitiesworldwide.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）17.Tigersharksliketoliveinwaters______humansusuallyswim,sothechancesofanencounteraremuchgreater.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）語法填空Morethanathirdoftheworld’spopulationlivesindrylands,____18____peopleareexperiencingsignificantwatershortages.EngineersandscientistsattheUniversityofTexasatAustinhavedevelopedalow-costgelfilm(凝膠膜)thatcanpullwaterfromtheairineventhedriestclimate.____19____(previous),researchershaveharvestedfreshwaterfromfoganddew,butthatonlyservesareaswithhighhumidity.Infact,thisgelisavastimprovementfrompreviouswaterharvestingtechnologies.Scientistsareplanningonmakingathickergel____20____willincreasetheyield,makingthistechnologyapracticablesolutiontodrought.第三節(jié)完型填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分；共15分）TheHappyHitchhiker(徒步者)Severalyearsago,Idecidedtovisitmybestfriend,wholivedinNapier.____21____Iwasshortofmoney,hitchhikingwastheonlywaytogo.Carryingasmallbagonmyback,Isetoffonasunnymorning,andsoonIgotlifts.Ienjoyedtheconversationwiththedrivers,andwas____22____enoughtohavemadesomedistancebeforeitgotdark.AsIwalkedalongatree-linedcountryroad,I____23____whereIwouldspendthenight.ItwassummerandtheweatherwaswarmsoIthoughtIcouldsleepunderatree.AnelderlygentlemancameupandaskedmewhereIwas____24____.ItoldhimthatIwashopingtogettothenexttown,“Op-o-tiki”.HelaughedandaskedifI____25____“Opotiki”.BeingEnglish,IwasnotfamiliarwiththecorrectpronunciationandrepliedthatIdid.“It’sstillalongway.Youwon’tgettherebeforedark,”hesaid.“Socomewithmeandwewillputyouupforthe____26____.”O(jiān)potikiwasafurther25kmaway,soI____27____himtoacomfortable,warmhousenearby.Heintroducedmetohiswifewhowaspreparingdinner.Theyinvitedmetohaveanicecupoftea,andevenaheartybeefcasserole(砂鍋).Afterdinnerweall____28____forawhileaboutwhereIwasfromandhowIwasfindingthetown,andthenIwasshowntomyroom.Myhostwasaretiredseacaptain,andhetoldmethathewasusedtobeingupearlyandwouldwakemeup.Ihadaverycomfortablenight’ssleep.ThenextmorningIwoketoacupofteaandanicehotbreakfast.Ithankedthemfortheircare,whentheladyhandedmeasandwichsayingthatitshould____29____megoinguntilIreachedOpotiki.Wehadalaughandsaidgoodbyewitheachother.Ihaveneverforgottentheiramazing_____30_____.21.A.Whether B.Once C.Because D.Although22.A.brave B.funny C.lucky D.clever23.A.supposed B.explained C.discovered D.wondered24.A.blocked B.headed C.pointed D.expected25.A.named B.left C.meant D.passed26.A.road B.weather C.town D.night27.A.followed B.directed C.invited D.promised28.A.looked B.chatted C.waited D.guessed29.A.keep B.join C.mind D.stop30.A.intelligence B.eagerness C.honesty D.kindness第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AComeandtakeaspacewalkinanewdimensíon!ReachforthestarsattheEuroSpaceCenter.Findouteverythingyouneedtoknowaboutspace—fromtheoriginsofthespacetothefutureexplorationplans.Light,soundandspecialeffectshelptobringyourspacetourtolife.Throughoutyourtour,ourspeciallytrainedguideswillansweryourquestionsandprovideyouwithanyinformationyouneed.Beginyourtourwithourexhibition(展覽)abouttheplanets,thenmoveontotheSpaceLabandseesomeoftheexperimentsdoneinspace.Afterthat,visitourinternationalspacestation,whereyoucanclimbintoourSpaceShuttlemodelandexperiencelifeonboardasanastronaut(宇航員).Youwillknowallaboutspacebynowand,tohelpyoufurther,ourSpaceCenterastronautwilltellyouabouthowyoungpeopletrainasastronautsinourtrainingschool.Finally,youcanwatchouramazingSpaceShowinourIMAXcinema.Itwillgivesupporttoeverythingyouhavelearnedduringyourvisit.Outsidewehavealargecarandcoachpark(nocharge),andanoutdoorexhibitionincludingasolarsystem,full-sizerocketmodels,ahugesundialandoutdoorgames.Don’tworryifitrains—muchofthisisundercover.Afterthat,whynotvisitourrestaurantRestoSpaceforfoodanddrinkonaspacetheme(主題)?Anddon’tforgetourSpaceShop,offeringyoudifferentkindsofgiftstotakehome.TheEuroSpaceCenterisopeneverydayduringschoolholidays.Openingtimesare10:00-5:00.Forticketinformation,callourbookingserviceon+32-61-650133.Oryoucanemailusforup-to-dateentryinformationatinfo@eurospacecenter.be.EuroSpaceCenterB-6890Transinne,Belgium31.IntheSpaceLab,peoplecan______.A.designspaceshipmodels B.communicatewithastronautsC.seeexperimentscarriedoutinspace D.visittheinternationalspacestation32.Ifyoupreferfoodanddrinkonaspacetheme,whichwouldbethebestchoice?A.RestoSpace. B.SpaceShop. C.SpaceShuttle. D.SpaceShow.33.Theauthorwritesthepassageto______.A.givetouristsadvice B.sharelifeexperienceC.introducespaceknowledge D.attractpeopletothetourBTheBoyMadeit!OneSunday,Nicholas,ateenager,wentskiingatSugarloafMountaininMaine.Intheearlyafternoon,whenhewasplanningtogohome,afiercesnowstormsweptintothearea.Unabletoseefar,heaccidentallyturnedoffthepath.Beforeheknewit,Nicholaswaslost,allalone!Hedidn’thavefood,water,aphone,orothersupplies.Hewasgettingcolderbytheminute.Nicholashadnoideawherehewas.Hetriednottopanic.HethoughtaboutallofthesurvivalshowshehadwatchedonTV.Itwastimetoputthetipshehadlearnedtouse.Hedecidedtostopskiing.Therewasabetterchanceofsomeonefindinghimifhestayedput.Thefirstthinghedidwastofindshelterfromthefreezingwindandsnow.Ifhedidn’t,hisbodytemperaturewouldgetverylow,whichcouldquicklykillhim.Usinghisskis,Nicholasbuiltasnowcave.Hegatheredahugemassofsnowanddugoutaholeinthemiddle.Thenhepiledbranchesontopofhimself,likeablanket,tostayaswarmashecould.Bythatevening,Nicholaswasreallyhungry.Heatesnowanddrankwaterfromanearbystreamsothathisbodywouldn’tlosetoomuchwater.Notknowinghowmuchlongerhecouldlast,Nicholasdidtheonlythinghecould—hehuddled(蜷縮)inhiscaveandslept.Thenextday,Nicholaswentouttolookforhelp,buthecouldn’tfindanyone.Hefollowedhistracksandreturnedtothesnowcave,becausewithoutshelter,hecoulddiethatnight.OnTuesday,Nicholaswentoutagaintofindhelp.Hehadwalkedforaboutamilewhenavolunteersearcherfoundhim.Aftertwodaysstuckinthesnow,Nicholaswassaved.NicholasmightnothavesurvivedthissnowstormhaditnotbeenforTV.HehadoftenwatchedGrylls’survivalshowManvs.Wild.That’swherehelearnedthetipsthatsavedhislife,Ineachepisode(一期節(jié)目)ofManvs.Wild,Gryllsisabandonedinawildareaandhastofindhiswayout.WhenGryllsheardaboutNichola’samazingdeeds,hewassuperimpressedthatNicholashadmadeitsinceheknewbetterthananyonehowhardNicholashadtoworktostayalive.34.WhathappenedtoNicholasoneSundayafternoon?A.Hegotlost. B.Hehurthiseyes.C.Hebrokehisskis. D.Hecaughtacold.35.HowdidNicholaskeephimselfwarm?A.Hefoundashelter. B.Hekeptonskiing.C.Hebuiltasnowcave. D.Helightedsomebranches.36.OnTuesday,Nicholas______.A.stayedwherehewas B.wassavedbyasearcherC.gotstuckinthesnow D.returnedtohissheltersafely37.NicholasleftGryllsaverydeepimpressionbecausehe______.A.wasveryhard-working B.createdsometipsforsurvivalC.watchedGrylls’TVprogramregularly D.didtherightthingsinthedangeroussituationCElNi?o,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNi?oseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNi?oin1997-1998helpedAmerica’seconomygrowby$15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests:farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardroughtinsouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNi?omayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNi?o,in1997-1998,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNi?oscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffunding(救災(zāi)資金)inthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespitetheevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMr.Hsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNi?o’sharmfuleffects---andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNi?o,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.38.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNi?ointhefirstparagraph?A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.D.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.39.WhatmayElNi?osbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.40.ThedataprovidedbyODIinthefourthparagraphsuggestthat________.A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirstD.victimsofElNi?odeservemorecompensation(補(bǔ)償)41.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceElNi?oanditsorigin.B.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNi?o.C.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNi?o.D.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNi?o.DCertainformsofAIareindeedbecomingubiquitous.Forexample,algorithms(算法)carryouthugevolumesoftradingonourfinancialmarkets,self-drivingcarsareappearingoncitystreets,andoursmartphonesaretranslatingfromonelanguageintoanother.Thesesystemsaresometimesfasterandmoreperceptivethanwehumansare.Butsofarthatisonlytrueforthespecifictasksforwhichthesystemshavebeendesigned.ThatissomethingthatsomeAIdevelopersarenoweagertochange.Someoftoday’sAIpioneerswanttomoveonfromtoday’sworldof“weak”or“narrow”AI,tocreate“strong”or“full”AI,orwhatisoftencalledartificialgeneralintelligence(AGI).Insomerespects,today’spowerfulcomputingmachinesalreadymakeourbrainslookweak.AGIcould,itsadvocatessay,workforusaroundtheclock,anddrawingonallavailabledata,couldsuggestsolutionstomanyproblems.DM,acompanyfocusedonthedevelopmentofAGI,hasanambitionto“solveintelligence”.“Ifwe’resuccessful,”theirmissionstatementreads,“webelievethiswillbeoneofthemostimportantandwidelybeneficialscientificadvancesevermade.”SincetheearlydaysofAI,imaginationhasoutpacedwhatispossibleorevenprobable.In1965,animaginativemathematiciancalledIrvingGoodpredictedtheeventualcreationofan“ultra-intelligentmachine…thatcanfarsurpassalltheintellectual(智力的)activitiesofanyman,howeverclever.”Goodwentontosuggestthat“thefirstultra-intelligentmachine”couldbe“thelastinventionthatmanneedevermake.”Fearsabouttheappearanceofbad,powerful,man-madeintelligentmachineshavebeenreinforced(強(qiáng)化)bymanyworksoffiction—MaryShelley’sFrankensteinandtheTerminatorfilmseries,forexample.ButifAIdoeseventuallyprovetobeourdownfall,itisunlikelytobeatthehandsofhuman-shapedformslikethese,withrecognisablyhumanmotivationssuchasaggression(敵對行為).Instead,IagreewithOxfordUniversityphilosopherNickBostrom,whobelievesthattheheaviestrisksfromAGIdonotcomefromadecisiontoturnagainstmankindbutratherfromadoggedpursuitofsetobjectivesattheexpenseofeverythingelse.ThepromiseanddangeroftrueAGIaregreat.Butalloftoday’sexciteddiscussionaboutthesepossibilitiespresupposesthefactthatwewillbeabletobuildthesesystems.And,havingspokentomanyoftheworld’sforemostAIresearchers,IbelievethereisgoodreasontodoubtthatwewillseeAGIanytimesoon,ifever.42.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ubiquitous”inParagraphIprobablymean?A.Enormousinquantity. B.Changeabledaily.C.Stableinquality. D.Presenteverywhere.43.WhatcouldAGIdoforus,accordingtoitssupporters?A.Helptotackleproblems. B.Makebrainsmoreactive.C.Benefitambitiouspeople. D.Setuppowerfuldatabases.44.AsforIrvingGood’sopiniononultra-intelligentmachines,theauthoris____________.A.supportive B.disapprovingC.fearful D.uncertain45.WhatcanbeinferredaboutAGIfromthepassage?A.Itmaybeonlyadream.B.Itwillcomeintobeingsoon.C.Itwillbecontrolledbyhumans.D.Itmaybemoredangerousthanever.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余項。Manypeoplethinkthatpositivethinkingismostlyaboutkeepingone'sheadinthesandandignoringdailyproblems,tryingtolookoptimistic.Inrealityithasmoretodowiththewayanindividualtalkstohimself.Self-talkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.____46____Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeself-talksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.Peoplewhoregularlypractisepositivethinkingtendtosolveproblemsmoreeffectively.Theyarelessexposedtostresscausedbyexternalfactors.Theytendtobelieveinthemselvesandinwhattheydo.____47____Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.____48____Forexample,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisaccompaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety.Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.____49____Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem.____50____Thinkinginapositive,self-encouragingwaybringsaboutmanybenefitstoone'sphysicalandmentalhealth.A.Itdoesn'tcauseanysevereemotionaldiscomfort,either.B.Negativeself-talkdamagesself-confidenceanddecreasesself-respect.C.Ithelpsonetoremainclear-headedandconfidentindifficultsituations.D.Positivethinkinghasseveralbeneficialeffectsonthebodyandthemind.E.Asthinkingchanges,anindividual'sbehaviourandhabitschangeaswell.F.Theyoftenofferarealalternativetothecommonandregularwayofthinking.G.Theyoftenfeeldiscouragedlongbeforetryingtosolvetheproblem,evenifsmall.第三部分：書面表達(dá)（20分）51.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)的高一學(xué)生李華，學(xué)生會將于下周五開展“地球日”系列活動。請你給外籍學(xué)生Jim寫一封郵件，邀請他來參加。內(nèi)容包括：1.介紹活動基本信息，如時間、地點(diǎn)等。2.活動項目及意義。注意：詞數(shù)100詞左右。提示詞：地球日EarthDayDearJim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua

參考答案第一部分：知識運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)選詞填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分；共15分）【答案】1.attempt2.survival3.wererescued4.proves5.escaped【1題詳解】考查名詞。句意：我第一次嘗試就通過了駕駛考試。名詞attempt(嘗試)作賓語，固定短語：atthefirstattempt(初次嘗試)，故填attempt?！?題詳解】考查名詞。句意：如果及早發(fā)現(xiàn)癌癥，存活的幾率很高。動詞survive(生存)，對應(yīng)名詞survival(幸存)，不可數(shù)，作賓語。故填survival?！?題詳解】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：許多受害者在獲救前仍被困在著火的酒店里。動詞rescue(拯救)，為時間狀語從句謂語動詞，和從句主語they是被動關(guān)系，結(jié)合主句謂語remained用一般過去時可知，事情已發(fā)生，rescue用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，注意主謂一致。故填wererescued。【4題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：我希望他能勝任挑戰(zhàn)。動詞prove(證明是)，為賓語從句系動詞，結(jié)合主句謂語hope用一般現(xiàn)在時可知，講述現(xiàn)在情況下的事情，prove用一般現(xiàn)在時，注意主謂一致。故填proves。【5題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：今天早上我發(fā)現(xiàn)一個送貨員從車禍中死里逃生。動詞escape(（從不愉快或危險處境中）逃脫、幸免于難)，為賓語從句謂語動詞，和從句主語adeliveryman是主動關(guān)系，結(jié)合主句謂語spotted用一般過去時可知，事情已發(fā)生，escape用一般過去時。故填escaped?！敬鸢浮?.aheadof7.pickedup8.havebrokendown9.ontheedgeof10.isrunningout【6題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：阿蒙森插上挪威國旗，提前安全返回出發(fā)基地。固定短語aheadof(提前)符合句意，故填aheadof。【7題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：他在羅馬時撿到了一個漂亮的花瓶。動詞短語pickup(撿到)符合句意，作主句謂語，結(jié)合從句系動詞was可知，事情已發(fā)生，該空用一般過去時。故填pickedup?！?題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：在過去的20到30年里，那些曾經(jīng)安全的理論已經(jīng)崩潰了。動詞短語breakdown(崩潰)符合句意，不及物動詞短語，無被動，作謂語，結(jié)合時間狀語Overthelast20to30years可知，表過去的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，該空用現(xiàn)在完成時，注意主謂一致。故填havebrokendown?！?題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：我們都知道華南虎是一個瀕臨滅絕的物種。固定短語ontheedgeof(在……的邊緣、瀕于)符合句意，故填ontheedgeof?！?0題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：時間不多了，恐怕我要打斷你的話。動詞短語runout(（被）用完，耗盡)符合句意，不及物動詞短語，無被動，作從句謂語，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表將來，表示“時間很快就不夠用了”，注意主謂一致。故填isrunningout。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題，每小題1分；共10分）閱讀下列句子或短文，根據(jù)句子或短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。11.【答案】where【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我的兩個兄弟和我從島上回來，我們經(jīng)常冒險去那里，比別人弄到更多的魚?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞theislands，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句，故填where。12.【答案】which【詳解】考查定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。句意：瑪麗對杰克比對其他人要友好得多，這當(dāng)然使其他所有人都不高興。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處涉及非限制性定語從句，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which，修飾逗號前的整個主句“瑪麗對杰克比對其他人要友好得多”，可譯為“這一點(diǎn)”，在從句中作主語。故填which。13.【答案】whose【詳解】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：今年1月24日，以“閱讀中國”為主題的第十三屆中國圖書春節(jié)聯(lián)展在全球85家書店舉行?？仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是the13thSpringFestivalJointExhibitionofChineseBooks，指物，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作定語修飾名詞theme，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)。故填whose。14.【答案】where【詳解】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：這是一項具有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，你需要與其他團(tuán)隊成員密切合作。該空引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞是achallengingjob，表抽象地點(diǎn)，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where。故填where。15.【答案】understand【詳解】考查省略to的不定式。句意：讓那些需要幫助的人明白，我們會全力以赴幫助他們。此處為letsb.dosth.，表示“讓某人做某事”，該空應(yīng)用省略to的不定式形式。故填understand。16.【答案】which【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：世界環(huán)境日是聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的全球活動，每年6月5日舉行，全世界數(shù)千個社區(qū)都在慶祝它。非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞event，指物，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句作主語，用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。17.【答案】where【詳解】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：虎鯊喜歡生活在人類通常游泳的水域，因此彼此偶遇的幾率要大得多。該空引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞是waters，是具體地點(diǎn)，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where。故填where?！敬鸢浮?8.where19.Previously20.that##which【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了世界上超過三分之一的人口生活在干旱地區(qū)，那里的人們正經(jīng)歷著嚴(yán)重的水資源短缺。為此，德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀分校的工程師和科學(xué)家開發(fā)了一種低成本的凝膠膜，即使在最干燥的氣候下也能從空氣中吸收水分?！?8題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：世界上超過三分之一的人口生活在干旱地區(qū)，那里的人們正經(jīng)歷著嚴(yán)重的水資源短缺。定語從句修飾先行詞drylands，在從句作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where。故填where。【19題詳解】考查副詞。句意：以前，研究人員已經(jīng)從霧和露水中收集了淡水，但這只適用于高濕度地區(qū)。修飾后文句子應(yīng)用副詞previously，首字母大寫。故填Previously?！?0題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：科學(xué)家們正計劃制造一種更厚的凝膠，以提高產(chǎn)量，使這項技術(shù)成為解決干旱的可行方案。定語從句修飾先行詞athickergel，在從句作主語，指物。故填that/which。第三節(jié)完型填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分；共15分）【答案】21.C22.C23.D24.B25.C26.D27.A28.B29.A30.D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者去拜訪朋友，但因徒步旅行路途遙遠(yuǎn)、交通不便，第一天不能到達(dá)目的地，就在作者思考在哪兒過夜的時候，一位好心的長者將作者帶回家并熱情款待，作者第二天再次踏上旅程的故事。【21題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)槲沂诸^緊，搭便車是唯一的辦法。A.Whether是否；B.Once一旦……（就……）；C.Because因?yàn)?；D.Although盡管。由下文“Iwasshortofmoney,hitchhikingwastheonlywaytogo”可知，是因?yàn)樽髡呷卞X，因此搭便車成為了他去拜訪朋友的唯一交通方式，Because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。故選C項?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很喜歡與司機(jī)們的交談，很幸運(yùn)在天黑前走了一段路。A.brave勇敢的；B.funny有趣的；C.lucky幸運(yùn)的；D.clever聰明的。由上文“soonIgotlifts(很快我就搭上了便車)”和“havemadesomedistancebeforeitgotdark”可知，因?yàn)榇畋丬囎屪髡咴谔旌谥白吡艘欢温烦?，所以作者覺得幸運(yùn)。故選C項。【23題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我沿著一條綠樹成蔭的鄉(xiāng)村公路行走時，我想知道我將在哪里過夜。A.supposed料想；B.explained解釋；C.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.wondered想知道。由下文“soIthoughtIcouldsleepunderatree(所以我想我可以睡在樹下)”可知，此處指作者邊走邊想自己今晚應(yīng)該在哪兒過夜。故選D項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一位年長的紳士走過來問我要去哪里。A.blocked阻塞；B.headed前往；C.pointed指向；D.expected期望。由下文“ItoldhimthatIwashopingtogettothenexttown,“Op-o-tiki”.(我告訴他，我希望能去下一個城鎮(zhèn)，“Op-o-tiki”)”作者的回答可知，一位長者走過來問作者要去哪兒。故選B項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他笑著問我，我的意思是是不是在說“Opotiki”。A.named命名；B.left離開；C.meant意思是；D.passed通過。由下文“BeingEnglish,IwasnotfamiliarwiththecorrectpronunciationandrepliedthatIdid.(作為英國人，我不熟悉正確的發(fā)音，并回答說我是在說“Opotiki”)”可知，外鄉(xiāng)人的作者不熟悉“Opotiki”的正確發(fā)音，說得不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但長者明白作者的意思，知道作者說得是Opotiki。故選C項?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以跟我來吧，我們會讓你過夜。A.road道路；B.weather天氣；C.town城鎮(zhèn)；D.night夜晚。由上文“I____3____whereIwouldspendthenight(我想知道我將在哪里過夜)”和下文“Heintroducedmetohiswifewhowaspreparingdinner.(他把我介紹給正在準(zhǔn)備晚飯的妻子)”可知，長者可以為作者提供晚上住宿的地方。故選D項?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Opotiki在25公里外，所以我跟著他來到附近一所舒適溫暖的房子。A.followed跟隨；B.directed指示；C.invited邀請；D.promised承諾。由上文語境可知，作者接受了長者的邀請，跟隨他去往那舒適而溫暖的房子過夜。故選A項?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：晚飯后，我們聊了一會兒我來自哪里，以及我是如何找到這個小鎮(zhèn)的，然后我被帶到我的房間。A.looked看；B.chatted聊天；C.waited等待；D.guessed猜測。由下文“aboutwhereIwasfromandhowIwasfindingthetow”可知，飯后他們?nèi)齻€閑聊了一會兒。故選B項?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我感謝他們的照顧，當(dāng)這位女士遞給我一個三明治，說它應(yīng)該能讓我一直走到Opotiki。A.keep保持；B.join加入；C.mind介意；D.stop停下。由上文“theladyhandedmeasandwich”可知，女主人給作者的三明治能夠支撐作者走到目的地，keepsb.doing，是固定搭配，意為“讓某人一直做某事”。故選A項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我從未忘記他們驚人的善良。A.intelligence智力；B.eagerness渴望；C.honesty誠實(shí)；D.kindness善良。由上文語境可知，這家熱心人的友善和熱情款待讓作者倍感溫暖，因此作者將不會忘記他們的關(guān)懷。故選D項。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）【答案】31.C32.A33.D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章以廣告的形式介紹了theEuroSpaceCenter以及人們在這個中心可以參與的一系列活動，目的在于吸引更多的人去參觀?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中“Beginyourtourwithourexhibition(展覽)abouttheplanets,thenmoveontotheSpaceLabandseesomeoftheexperimentsdoneinspace.(以我們關(guān)于行星的展覽開始你的旅程，然后前往太空實(shí)驗(yàn)室，觀看一些在太空中進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn))”可知，在太空實(shí)驗(yàn)室，人們可以觀看在太空中進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選C項。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段中“Afterthat,whynotvisitourrestaurantRestoSpaceforfoodanddrinkonaspacetheme(主題)?(之后，為什么不參觀我們的RestoSpace餐廳，以空間為主題，享用美食和飲料呢？)”可知，在RestoSpace餐廳，人們可享用以空間為主題的食物和飲料。故選A項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。由第一段中“Light,soundandspecialeffectshelptobringyourspacetourtolife.Throughoutyourtour,ourspeciallytrainedguideswillansweryourquestionsandprovideyouwithanyinformationyouneed.(光線、聲音和特效有助于讓你的太空之旅栩栩如生。在您的整個旅程中，我們經(jīng)過專門培訓(xùn)的導(dǎo)游將回答您的問題，并為你提供所需的任何信息)”和其他內(nèi)容可知，文章以廣告的形式介紹了theEuroSpaceCenter以及人們在這個中心可以參與的一系列活動，目的在于吸引更多的人去參觀。故選D項。【答案】34.A35.C36.B37.D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。本文講的是一個小男孩在暴風(fēng)雪中迷路，他不畏艱難，利用在電視中學(xué)到的野外生存知識逃脫困境的故事?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Beforeheknewit,Nicholaswaslost,allalone!(還沒等他反應(yīng)過來，尼古拉斯就迷路了，孤身一人！)”可知，Nicholas迷路了。故選A?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Usinghisskis,Nicholasbuiltasnowcave.Hegatheredahugemassofsnowanddugoutaholeinthemiddle.Thenhepiledbranchesontopofhimself,likeablanket,tostayaswarmashecould.(尼古拉斯用他的滑雪板造了一個雪洞。他收集了一大堆雪，在中間挖了一個洞。然后他把樹枝堆在身上，像毯子一樣，盡可能地保持溫暖)”可知，Nicholas保持溫暖的方式是建了一個雪洞。故選C?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“OnTuesday,Nicholaswentoutagaintofindhelp.Hehadwalkedforaboutamilewhenavolunteersearcherfoundhim.Aftertwodaysstuckinthesnow,Nicholaswassaved.(星期二，尼古拉斯又出去尋求幫助。當(dāng)一名志愿搜索者發(fā)現(xiàn)他時，他已經(jīng)走了大約一英里。被困在雪地里兩天后，尼古拉斯得救了)”可知，星期二的時候，Nicholas被一名志愿搜索者救了。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“WhenGryllsheardaboutNichola’samazingdeeds,hewassuperimpressedthatNicholashadmadeitsinceheknewbetterthananyonehowhardNicholashadtoworktostayalive.(當(dāng)格里爾斯聽到尼古拉斯的驚人事跡時，他對尼古拉斯的成功留下了深刻的印象，因?yàn)樗热魏稳硕记宄峁爬贡仨毰ぷ鞑拍芑钕氯?”可推知，尼古拉斯給格里爾留下了深刻的印象，因?yàn)樗谖ｋU的情況下做了正確的事情。故選D?！敬鸢浮?8.C39.C40.A41.B【分析】本文是一篇說明文。本文介紹了厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象，并講述了該現(xiàn)象給世界各國帶來的影響，呼吁人們要事先為厄爾尼諾做準(zhǔn)備，要把減少人們的損失當(dāng)作首要的任務(wù)?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ElNi?oseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.（厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象表明，當(dāng)通常向西吹的風(fēng)減弱或有時相反時，西太平洋多年來