必修第一冊(cè)Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorldⅠ.閱讀理解[2021·五市十校大聯(lián)考]Whenwelearntodrive,weneedtolearnbasicskillssuchashowtoswitchontheengine,turnonthewipers,operatethebrakes,etc.beforeweactuallytaketotheroad.Oncethelowerorderoperationsandskillslistedabovehavebeenautomatizedoratleastroutinizedtotheextentthatwedonothavetopayattentiontothem(by-passWorkingMemory'sattentionalsystems),wecanactuallybesafeintheassumptionthatwecanwhollyfocusonthehigherorderskillswhichwillallowustotakethesplitsecondsdecisionsthatwillpreventusfromgettinglost,clashwithothercars,breakthetrafficlawswhiledealingwithourchildrenmessingaboutinthebackseats.Thisiswhatthebraindoes,too,whenlearninglanguages.BecauseWorkingMemoryhasaverylimitedspaceavailablewhenperforminganytask,thebrainhaslearnttoautomatizelowerorderskillssothat,bybeingperformed“subconsciously”theyfreeupcognitive(認(rèn)知)space.So,forinstance,ifIamanadvancedspeakerwhohasroutinizedaccuratepronunciation,grammarandsyntaxtoafairlyhighdegree,Iwillbeabletodevotemoreconsciousattention(WorkingMemoryspace)tothemessageIwanttoputacross.Ontheotherhand,ifIstillstrugglewithpronunciation,wordorder,irregularverbformsandtensesmostofmyattentionwillbetakenupbythemechanicsofwhatIwanttosay,ratherthanthemeaning;thiswillslowmedownandlimitmyabilitytothinkthroughwhatIwanttosayduetocognitiveoverload.Inlanguageteachingthisimportantprincipletranslatesasfollows:inordertoenableourstudentstofocusonthehigherorderskillsinvolvedinprehensionandproductionweneedtoensurethatthelower-orderoneshavebeenacquiredorperformancewillbereduced.1．Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytellus?A．Weshouldimproveourdrivingskillsontheroad.B．Ourbasicdrivingwillbebetterastimegoesonandon.C．Onlybymasteringdrivingskillscanwedrivesafely.D．Wemustoperateautomaticallywhendrivingontheroads.2．Whydoestheauthorusedrivingasanexampleinexpressinghispoints?A．Learninglanguageshasspecificcharacters.B．Skillfuldrivingbenefitslanguagelearning.C．Drivingsafelyisharderthanlanguagelearning.D．Drivingandlanguagelearningsharesimilarskills.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph2referto?A．Themeaningwewanttoexpress.B．Strugglewithlanguagelearningproblems.C．Spendingmoretimeonthetopic.D．Devotingmoreconsciousattention.4．Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthetext?A．Wellbegun,halfdone.B．Itisnevertoooldtolearn.C．Practicemakesperfect.D．Learntowalkbeforeyourun.Ⅱ.完形填空[2021·河北石家莊高三質(zhì)量檢測(cè)]Growingupinthe1960s，Iwastaughtfromanearlyagetosendahandwrittenthank-younoteexpressing__1__forkindness.Mymotherusedtobuymeaboxofpaperand__2__meintheartandvalueofsaying“thankyou”.She__3__toberight.Astudyshowedthatittooklessthan5minutestowritethethank-younotes.Just5minutestomakeanotherpersonfeeloverjoyed!__4__，inour“instant”world,theideaofgettinganactualpenandwritinganactualnoteseemstoneveretomind.Wetendtodowhatis__5__tous—aquicktextoranemail.Itiseasytousetheexcuseofbeingbusy,butevenverybusyand__6__businessmenfindtimeto__7__thank-younotes.Forexample,whenDouglasConantbecameCEOofCampbells,thepanyhad__8__halfofitsmarketvalueandmorale(士氣)wasatanalltimelow.He__9__fixingthatbydoingsomesimplethingsthatprobablynot__10__inanyMBAclass.Foronething,Conantwrotetoevery__11__Hegainedtheirconfidenceandnaturally,turnedthepanyaround.InhistenyearsasCEO,Conantwroteover30,000notestoemployees.It's__12__nottoaskhowhedidit.__13__，hehadmanyotherthingstodo__14__writingathank-younote.Conantmadetimeforitbecauseheknewtheimpacteachonewouldhave.Anexpressionof__15__inthiscrazyworldstillmakesadifference.1．A.concernB．sympathyC．a(chǎn)ffectionD．a(chǎn)ppreciation2．A.consultB．instructC．a(chǎn)nswerD．impress3．A.remainedB．provedC．a(chǎn)ppearedD．claimed4．A.YetB．ThereforeC．SoD．Otherwise5．A.specialB．necessaryC．convenientD．important6．A.humorousB．optimisticC．successfulD．experienced7．A.penB．receiveC．designD．deliver8．A.lostB．gainedC．developedD．damaged9．A.gaveupB．keptupC．setaboutD．worriedabout10．A.permittedB．taughtC．checkedD．tested11．A.marketB．businessmanC．panyD．employee12．A.hardB．greatC．a(chǎn)mazingD．disappointing13．A.AsusualB．InshortC．BythewayD．Afterall14．A.byB．inC．besidesD．without15．A.kindnessB．joyC．valueD．confidenceⅢ.讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫(xiě)，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。[2021·青島市高三統(tǒng)一質(zhì)量檢測(cè)]Davidknewthewaterfallwasing.Itwasn'thisfirstvisittotheriverincentralCalifornia.Hefiguredhewouldhopoutofhisraftintotheshallowwater,rappeldowntherocks(沿巖壁繞繩下降)oneithersideofthefalls,andcontinueonhisway,ashehadonaprevioustrip.Butthisyearwasdifferent.Heavysnowandspringrainshadturnedtheusuallymanageablefallsintosomethingfierce.Andthisyear,insteadofhisfriends,David'spanionswerehiswife,Sara,andhis13-year-oldson,Hunter.Asthethreeofthemapproachedthefallslateontheafternoonofthethirddayoftheircampingtrip,Davidcouldtellfromtheincreasingroarofwaterinthenarrowingvalleythattheywereinserioustrouble.Therewasnowaythey'dbeabletorappeldowntherocksasplanned.Theycouldwade(蹚水)totheshore,butwouldanyonefindthemthere?Theyhadnophoneservice,andtheyhadn'tseenasinglepersoninthepastthreedays.AndDavidknewthey'dbesharingthegroundtherewithsnakesandmountainlions.Ashewonderedwhattodo,Davidhadabitofluck—heheardvoicesingfromtheothersideofthefalls.Heyelled,butthesoundoftherushingwaterdrownedhimout.“Wehavetogetthesepeopleamessage，”Davidthought.Hecaughtastickandpulledouthispocketknifetocarve“Help”init.Thenhetiedaropetoitsothepeoplewouldknowitwasn'tjustanystick.Hetriedflyingitoverthefalls,butitfloatedawayinthewrongdirection.Thenhespottedhisgreenwaterbottle.Davidgrabbeditandcarved“Help！”onit.Saraalsoremindedhimthathehadapenandpaper,whichshe'dbroughttoplaygameswith,inhisbackpack.Davidknewitwasjustanattempt.Buthewrotedown“6-15-19Wearestuckhereatthewaterfall.Gethelpplease”andpushedthenoteintothebottle.注意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。Thistime,histhrowoverthewaterfallwasperfect.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thenextmorning,theyheardahelicopterhovering(盤(pán)旋)abovethem.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________詳解答案必修第一冊(cè)Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorldⅠ.閱讀理解【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。全文以開(kāi)車(chē)為例，說(shuō)明在語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中，先把基礎(chǔ)性的內(nèi)容學(xué)好，然后再做高層次事情的重要性。1．答案與解析：C主旨大意題。從第一段作者講述的在路上先把開(kāi)車(chē)的基本技能掌握好的說(shuō)法看，作者認(rèn)為只有精通駕駛技巧，我們才能安全開(kāi)車(chē)。2．答案與解析：D推理判斷題。從作者講述開(kāi)車(chē)的技能與語(yǔ)言的技能看，開(kāi)車(chē)與學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言有一些共性的東西可以借鑒。3．答案與解析：B猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)第二段中的“willslowmedownandlimitmyabilitytothinkthroughwhatIwanttosayduetocognitiveoverload”可知，這里講述的是如果單詞的發(fā)音、單詞順序等方面有困難，會(huì)對(duì)語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用產(chǎn)生影響。4．答案與解析：D推理判斷題。作者以學(xué)習(xí)開(kāi)車(chē)為例推理到語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)，都是在講述把基礎(chǔ)打牢的好處，故選D。Ⅱ.完形填空【語(yǔ)篇解讀】作者從小就被教育要用手寫(xiě)感謝信對(duì)他人表達(dá)謝意。通過(guò)DouglasConant的例子，作者進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明小小的感謝信會(huì)帶來(lái)很大的影響。1．答案與解析：D考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)空前的thank-younote可知，該處是說(shuō)通過(guò)手寫(xiě)感謝信表達(dá)謝意。D項(xiàng)意為“欣賞；感激”，符合語(yǔ)境。concern“關(guān)注”；sympathy“同情”；affection“愛(ài)情；鐘愛(ài)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。2．答案與解析：B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)空后的“...intheartandvalueofsaying‘thankyou’．”可知，媽媽會(huì)教授“我”說(shuō)謝謝。B項(xiàng)意為“教授”，符合語(yǔ)境。consult“查閱；請(qǐng)教”；answer“回答；答復(fù)”；impress“給……留下印象”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。3．答案與解析：B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)空后的toberight可知，她的教導(dǎo)后來(lái)證明是對(duì)的。B項(xiàng)意為“后來(lái)被發(fā)現(xiàn)是；最終證明為”，符合語(yǔ)境。remain“剩余；保持”，appear“出現(xiàn)；似乎”；claim“斷言；聲稱(chēng)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。4．答案與解析：A考查連詞/副詞辨析。根據(jù)空后的“...inour‘instant’world,theideaofgettinganactualpenandwritinganactualnoteseemstoneveretomind.”可知，此處指出“似乎沒(méi)有人考慮拿起筆寫(xiě)感謝信”，這和上文介紹手寫(xiě)感謝信有好處之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)意為“然而”，符合語(yǔ)境。therefore“因此”；so“那么”；otherwise“否則”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。5．答案與解析：C考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)下文aquicktextoranemail可知，此處是說(shuō)“我們趨向于做便捷的事情”。C項(xiàng)意為“便利的；方便的”，符合語(yǔ)境。special“特別的；特殊的”；necessary“有必要的”；important“重要的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。6．答案與解析：C考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)空后所舉的知名企業(yè)高管的例子可知，該處是說(shuō)“非常成功的商人都能找到時(shí)間寫(xiě)感謝信”。C項(xiàng)意為“成功的”，符合語(yǔ)境。humorous“幽默的；詼諧的”；optimistic“樂(lè)觀的”；experienced“有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。7．答案與解析：A考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)空后的thank-younotes可知，該處是說(shuō)“非常成功且忙碌的商人都能找到時(shí)間寫(xiě)感謝信”。A項(xiàng)意為“寫(xiě)”，符合語(yǔ)境。receive“接到；收到”；design“設(shè)計(jì)”；deliver“遞送”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。8．答案與解析：A考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文“...morale(士氣)wasatanalltimelow.”可知，該處是說(shuō)“公司已經(jīng)失去了一半的市場(chǎng)價(jià)值”。A項(xiàng)意為“失去”，符合語(yǔ)境。gain“獲得”；develop“發(fā)展”；damage“損害；破壞”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。9．答案與解析：A考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。根據(jù)空后的fixingthatbydoingsomesimplethings可知，此處是說(shuō)他開(kāi)始做一些簡(jiǎn)單的事情，以解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。C項(xiàng)意為“開(kāi)始；著手”，符合語(yǔ)境。giveup“放棄”；keepup“保持”；worryabout“擔(dān)心”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。10．答案與解析：B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)空后的“...inanyMBAclass.”可知，該處是說(shuō)“這些事情在工商管理學(xué)碩士(MBA)課堂可能不會(huì)教”。B項(xiàng)意為“教；教導(dǎo)”，符合語(yǔ)境。permit“允許”；check“檢查”；test“考驗(yàn)；試驗(yàn)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。11．答案與解析：D考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文“...Conantwroteover30,000notestoemployees.”可知，該處是說(shuō)“Conant寫(xiě)信給每個(gè)雇員”。D項(xiàng)意為“雇員”，符合語(yǔ)境。market“市場(chǎng)；集市”；businessman“商人”；pany“公司”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。12．答案與解析：A考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，該處是說(shuō)“很難不問(wèn)他是怎么做到的”。A項(xiàng)意為“困難的”，符合語(yǔ)境。great“很好的；美好的”；amazing“令人驚異的”；disappointing“令人失望的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。13．答案與解析：D考查短語(yǔ)辨析。根據(jù)下文hehadmanyotherthingstodo可知，該處是說(shuō)“畢竟他有很多事情要做”。D項(xiàng)意為“畢竟”，符合語(yǔ)境。asusual“像往常一樣”；inshort“總之”；bytheway“順便問(wèn)一下”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。14．答案與解析：C考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)空后的“...writingathank-younote.”可