江西省2023屆新高三第一次摸底考試英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)等填寫(xiě)在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有1秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whathasthemansignedupfor?A.Guitarlessons.B.Chesslessons.C.Volunteerwork.2.What'stheconversationmainlyabout?A.ParttimeworkattheKFC.B.Favoritefood.C.Apicnicplan.3.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.He'sgraduatingsoon.B.He'sseekingajob.C.Hefeelsdesperate.4.Whenwillthespeakersarriveatthecinema?A.At7:30.B.At7:45.C.At8:00.5.What'shappenedtotheman?A.Hiscarismissing.B.Hecan'tfindaparkingspace.C.Hiscarhasbrokendown.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhatchangedoesMarynoticeaboutScott?A.He'sstronger.B.He'smoretalkative.C.He'smoredutiful.7.Howoftendoesthemanworkout?A.Twohoursadayeverythirdday.B.Anhouraday4timesaweek.C.About3hourseveryotherday.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatclassisprobablytheman'sfavorite?A.Scienceclass.B.Businessmunicationclass.C.Writingclass.9.HowdoesthemanlikeProfessorSmith?A.Hekeepsgoodtime.B.He'sastrictteacher.C.He'sknowledgeable.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatisthemanshoppingfor?A.Hisuncle'spresents.B.Abargainforhimself.C.Abeltforhisfriend.11.Whatdoesthewomanremend?A.Abelt.B.Somebooks.C.Apairofshoes.12.Whyisthemanadvisedtokeepthereceipt?A.Togetabargain.B.Towinaprize.C.Toreturnthegoods.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatdidtheman'sparentstalkaboutyesterday?A.Thewoman'swedding.B.Theman'sjob.C.Robert'sstudies.14.Howdoesthemanlikethewoman'swatch?A.Itlooksgreat.B.Itcoststoomuch.C.Itkeepsgoodtime.15.WhatdoesRobertdointhepany?A.Runthemarketingdepartment.B.Dotheroutineofficework.C.Managethesalesdepartment.16.WhatdoesthemanthinkofRobert?A.Areliablefriend.B.Anexampletofollow.C.Agoodpartneratwork.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatdothesuggestionsfocuson?A.Tipsonharvestingfruits.B.Safetymeasuresbeforeastorm.C.Recognizingdangerduringthestorm.18.Whydoesthespeakersuggestremovingbrokenbranches?A.Theywillflyinstrongwinds.B.Theyareeasytocatchfire.C.They'llaffectthegrowthoftrees.19.Whatshouldbewrappedwithclothmaterial?A.Palmtrees.B.Coconuttrees.C.Largerplants.20.Whatshouldbedonetoprotecttheyoungplants?A.Tiethemtotheground.B.Putgardenclothoverthem.C.Movethemindoors.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFromgrandmuseumopeningstomusic,artandtheatre,thesearethecoolestnewthingshappeninganywherethisyear.Lookaroundanoddstar'slivingroomParis,FranceThistownhouse,wherethecontroversialFrenchsingerSergeGainsbourgspentthelast20yearsofhislife,hasbeenpletelyclosedofftothepublicsinceGainsbourg'sdeathin1991,butnextspringit'llfinallyopenasamuseum.ThemainattractionwillbeSerge'sfamouslyoddlivingarea,withitshugecollectionofsculptures.GetlostintheworldofHansChristianAndersenOdense,DenmarkJust90minutesbytrainfromCopenhagen,OdenseisbestknownasthebirthplaceofChristianAndersen,andit'snowhometothenewHCAMuseum.Withitsbiographicalexhibitsandinanimateprojectsthatealive,thisthoroughlyfunmuseumwouldhavedelightedthe“LittleMermaid”and“SnowQueen”authorhimself.CheckoutKingTut'senormousnewpadGiza,EgyptWhenitfinallyopensinNovember2022,theGrandEgyptMuseumwillbethebiggestmuseumintheworldforasinglecivilization.Costing$1billion,thismuseumwillbeaboutthesizeoftheLouvreinParis.Mostimportantly,thiswillbethefirsttimethatall5,000piecesofKingTut'streasurewillbedisplayedinthesameplace.DiscoveraculturaljewelattheheartofEuropeNoviSad,SerbiaSerbia'ssecondlargestcitywillwearthecrownofEuropeanCapitalofCulturefortheyear.Everfanciedcheckingoutofanexhibitioninanabandonedpastafactory?TheMlinCulturalStationawaits.NoviSad'suniquearchitectureandhistoryhavelongmadeitamajordestination.1.Whichplacecanyougototakeadipintoliterature?A.ParisinFrance. B.GizainEgypt.C.OdenseinDenmark. D.NoviSadinSerbia.2.WhatisspecialabouttheGrandEgyptMuseum?A.Itwillbethebiggestmuseumworldwide.B.ItwillbebiggerthantheLouvreinFrance.C.Itwillbeopenagainsinceitsclosein1991.D.Itwillexhibit5,000piecesofKingTut'swealth.3.Whichhasitscheckoutatanabandonedfactory?A.TheMlinCulturalStation. B.TheHCAMuseum.C.TheGrandEgyptMuseum. D.SergeGainsbourg'sMuseum.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了2022年幾件值得去做事情?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二則活動(dòng)內(nèi)容“Just90minutesbytrainfromCopenhagen,OdenseisbestknownasthebirthplaceofChristianAndersen,andit'snowhometothenewHCAMuseum.Withitsbiographicalexhibitsandinanimateprojectsthatealive,thisthoroughlyfunmuseumwouldhavedelightedthe“LittleMermaid”and“SnowQueen”authorhimself.(從哥本哈根乘火車(chē)僅需90分鐘，歐登塞以克里斯蒂安·安徒生的誕生地而聞名，現(xiàn)在這里是新的HCA博物館的所在地。通過(guò)傳記性的展覽和無(wú)生命的項(xiàng)目，這個(gè)非常有趣的博物館會(huì)讓《小美人魚(yú)》和《白雪公主》作者本人感到高興。)可知，丹麥的歐登塞作為安徒生的出生地，在這里的安徒生博物館中能夠觀看到安徒生的生平物品，同時(shí)也可以欣賞他的作品。感受《小美人魚(yú)》和《白雪公主》的故事。故選C。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三則活動(dòng)中“Mostimportantly,thiswillbethefirsttimethatall5,000piecesofKingTut'streasurewillbedisplayedinthesameplace.(最重要的是，這將是第一次將圖坦卡蒙國(guó)王的5000件珍寶全部展示在同一個(gè)地方。)可知，這是首次將埃及法老的5000多件寶藏展示在同一個(gè)地方。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一則活動(dòng)中的“Everfanciedcheckingoutofanexhibitioninanabandonedpastafactory?TheMlinCulturalStationawaits.NoviSad'suniquearchitectureandhistoryhavelongmadeitamajordestination.(有沒(méi)有想過(guò)在一個(gè)廢棄的面食工廠參觀展覽？TheMlinCulturalStation站正在等待。諾維薩德獨(dú)特的建筑和歷史使它長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)成為一個(gè)主要的旅游目的地。)可知，TheMlinCulturalStation的簽到臺(tái)是在一家廢棄的面試工廠。故選A。BMyhandswereshakinguncontrollably.ItriedincrediblyhardtofocusonthewordsthatIspenthoursputtingdownonpaper.Itriedtoconquermyfearofspeakinginpubliconnumerousoccasionsthroughoutmylife.Duringcollegeandatmyfirstfewjobs,IwouldgetridiculouslynervouswhenIhadtogiveapresentationorleadameeting.PublicspeakinghadbeenmynemesisforaslongasIcouldremember.Theninmymidthirties,IdecidedtojointhepublicspeakinggroupToastmasters.Ateverymeeting,wewereratedandforcedtopetewithotherspeakersforanaward.YouwouldthinkthatIwouldwalkawayfromtheseexperiencesasapolishedspeaker,butnothingseemedtowork.Itwasn’tuntilrecently,whenscienceandscientificinstitutionswerebeingattackedforunfairreasonsduringthepandemic,thatIdecidedImustspeakout.Sciencehasmadethiscountryaplacewheredreamsetrue—thisiswhyweallneedtoprotectscience.Inaddition,asasciencewriter,Itrytogetreaderstounderstandhowscienceisrelatedtotheirdailylives.SoIendeduponthatfrighteningstageonthatsunnySaturdayinApril—EarthDay.Despitethebodyshakesandfear,Ipersevered.Thatday,IlookedoutintothecrowdoflikemindedsciencesupportersandIfeltfort.Reachingthatmilestonegoalofgettingthroughaspeechtrulychangedme.Atalmostforty,IlearnedthatpassioncansetoffaflameinmyhearttodothingsIneverdreamedpossible.Thedarknessthatledtomyspeechissuretoleadtonewopportunitiesandadventures.4.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“nemesis”inPara.1?A.Advantage. B.Annoyance. C.Preference. D.Confusion.5.HowdidtheauthorbehaveaboutpublicspeakingafterleavingToastmasters?A.Hebegantofeellessworried. B.Hebecameapolishedspeaker.C.Heremainedashyspeaker. D.Thingsbecameworseforhim.6.WhatmadetheauthorwanttospeakoutonEarthDay?A.Itwasagoodchancetolearnscience.B.Hemustriseuptodefendhisprofession.C.ItwasaprojectorganizedbyToastmasters.D.Hecouldn’thavepeopleattackingscience.7.Whatlessondidtheauthordrawfromhissuccessfulspeech?A.Passioncanmotiveustoachievetheunachievable.B.Anydifficultycanbeoverewithgreateffort.C.Sciencecanleadustomakewonderfulchanges.D.Frustrationcanbesteppingstonestosuccess.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。作者一直以來(lái)害怕在公共場(chǎng)合發(fā)表演講，一次偶然的機(jī)會(huì)，他決定為捍衛(wèi)科學(xué)挺身而出發(fā)表演講并從此戰(zhàn)勝了自己。這讓作者領(lǐng)悟到，激情能夠燃起心中的火焰，讓自己做到曾經(jīng)不可能完成的事?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中“Duringcollegeandatmyfirstfewjobs,IwouldgetridiculouslynervouswhenIhadtogiveapresentationorleadameeting.(在大學(xué)期間和我最初的幾份工作中，當(dāng)我必須做報(bào)告或主持會(huì)議時(shí)，我會(huì)感到異常緊張。)”可知，作者在大學(xué)期間和參加工作之初，一到開(kāi)會(huì)或者需要做公開(kāi)演講的時(shí)候就會(huì)緊張。由此可以推斷，當(dāng)眾演講是讓作者煩惱的事情，劃線詞的含義是“讓人惱火的事”。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Ateverymeeting,wewereratedandforcedtopetewithotherspeakersforanaward.YouwouldthinkthatIwouldwalkawayfromtheseexperiencesasapolishedspeaker,butnothingseemedtowork.(在每次會(huì)議上，我們都被評(píng)分，被迫與其他演講者競(jìng)爭(zhēng)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為我在經(jīng)歷這些之后會(huì)成為一名出色的演說(shuō)家，但這些經(jīng)歷似乎不起作用。)”可知，作者參加了很多比賽，但是仍然是一個(gè)害羞的演講者。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Itwasn'tuntilrecently,whenscienceandscientificinstitutionswerebeingattackedforunfairreasonsduringthepandemic,thatIdecidedImustspeakout.(直到最近，當(dāng)科學(xué)和科學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)在大流行期間因不公平的原因受到攻擊時(shí)，我才決定必須大聲疾呼。)”可知，不想讓人們攻擊科學(xué)讓作者決定發(fā)聲。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Atalmostforty,IlearnedthatpassioncansetoffaflameinmyhearttodothingsIneverdreamedpossible.Thedarknessthatledtomyspeechissuretoleadtonewopportunitiesandadventures.(在將近四十歲的時(shí)候，我明白了激情可以點(diǎn)燃我心中的火焰，讓我去做我做夢(mèng)都認(rèn)為不可能的的事情。導(dǎo)致我演講的黑暗一定會(huì)帶來(lái)新的機(jī)會(huì)和冒險(xiǎn)。)”可知，作者意識(shí)到激情能夠燃燒內(nèi)心的火焰，讓我們?nèi)プ鲎鰤?mèng)都認(rèn)為不可能的事情，也就是說(shuō)作者認(rèn)為激情可以激勵(lì)我們?nèi)?shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)。故選A。CBiologicalagemighthelpdetermineyourqualityoflifeasyougetolder,sinceyourcellsandorganshaveagesvaryingfromyourregularage.Manyagingresearchscientistsbelievethatknowingyourbiologicalagecouldhelpyoupostponeoravoidagerelatedillnesses,andbetterpredictanindividual’slifespan(壽命).Otherscientistsarguethatthere’snostandardwaytomeasurebiologicalage.Atthecenterofthedebatearehopesthatpeoplecanextendtheirlivesbychangingtheirbehaviors.Sinceeverybody’sgenes(基因)aredifferent,trackingyourbiologicalagecouldhelpdetermineyourmosthelpfulhabitsandcustomizethem.Peoplealsocanattempttolowertheirbiologicalagethroughwaysofeffectivelymanagingstress.Dr.SinclairatHarvardisdevelopingabiologicalagetestbasedonchemicalchangesonDNA.HeplanstolaunchitwithanewpanycalledTallyHealth.Thoughcriticizedbyotherscientistsforhypingtheresultsofsomeofhisfindingsforhisbusiness,hesaysthathedoesn’toverstatehisresearchfindings.InsideTracker,apersonalizednutritionpanyfoundedbyscientists,calculatesbiologicalagebyhavinguserstakebloodtestsandanalyzingthesamplesformarksofdiseases.Thosewhotestasolderthantheiryearsgetremendationstoadjustdiet,exerciseandmedicine.Manyotherhealthstartupsareofferingtestingthatclaimstocalculatebiologicalage,sometimeswithlittlescientificbacking,anddesigningmedicineaimedatboostingyouthfulness.StephenRoberttestedhimselfearlierthisyearwithanathomebloodtestasanefforttoimprovehishealthatage51.“Idrinkandsmoke,”hesays,soheexpectedhisbiologicalagetobealotolderthanhiscalendarage.Hesayshewasshockedwhentestresultsreportedhisbiologicalagewas24.GordanLauc,professorofbiochemistryandchiefscientificofficerofGlycanAge,saystheresultsmakesensegivenMr.Robert’sgenetics—longevityrunsinhisfamilyandlifestyle,whichislikelylessstressful.8.Whatcanpeopledoafterknowingtheirbiologicalages?A.Improvetheircalendaragestopreventdiseases.B.Determinewaystoeffectivelymanagestress.C.Getpersonalizednutritionplantoimprovehealth.D.Lengthentheirlivesbychangingtheirconduct.9.WhydidsomescientistscriticizeDr.Sinclair?A.Heoverstatedhisfindingstomakeaprofit.B.Hisscientificresearchwasfarfrommature.C.Hispanyletoutpeople’sbiologicalage.DBiologicalagetestdidharmtopeople’shealth.10.WhataccountsforStephen’syoungbiologicalageaccordingtoGordan?A.Hemanagesstressinlifesuccessfully. B.Hehadgoodnutritionathischildhood.C.Hisfamilyhasalonglifetradition. D.Hehasimprovedhisbiologicallife.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.UnderstandYourCalendarLifeandStayHealthyB.MeetYourBiologicalAgeandExtendYourLifeC.ImproveYourBiologicalAgewithGoodHabitsD.EmployBiologicalTechnologytoStartBusiness【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了解生物年齡能幫助人們通過(guò)改變行為習(xí)慣來(lái)延長(zhǎng)壽命?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Manyagingresearchscientistsbelievethatknowingyourbiologicalagecouldhelpyoupostponeoravoidagerelatedillnesses,andbetterpredictanindividual’slifespan(壽命).(許多研究衰老的科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，知道自己的生理年齡可以幫助你推遲或避免與年齡有關(guān)的疾病，并更好地預(yù)測(cè)一個(gè)人的壽命。)”和第二段的“Atthecenterofthedebatearehopesthatpeoplecanextendtheirlivesbychangingtheirbehaviors.(爭(zhēng)論的中心是希望人們可以通過(guò)改變行為來(lái)延長(zhǎng)壽命)”可知，了解生物年齡能夠幫助人們推遲或者避免與年齡相關(guān)的疾病，人們也可以通過(guò)改變行為習(xí)慣來(lái)延長(zhǎng)壽命。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Dr.SinclairatHarvardisdevelopingabiologicalagetestbasedonchemicalchangesonDNA.HeplanstolaunchitwithanewpanycalledTallyHealth.(哈佛大學(xué)的辛克萊博士正在開(kāi)發(fā)一種基于DNA化學(xué)變化的生物年齡測(cè)試。他計(jì)劃與一家名為“塔利健康”的新公司一起推出這款產(chǎn)品。)”以及“Thoughcriticizedbyotherscientistsforhypingtheresultsofsomeofhisfindingsforhisbusiness,hesaysthathedoesn'toverstatehisresearchfindings.(雖然其他科學(xué)家批評(píng)他為了自己的生意而夸大自己的一些研究結(jié)果，但他說(shuō)自己并沒(méi)有夸大自己的研究結(jié)果。)”可知，哈佛大學(xué)的辛克萊博士計(jì)劃與TallyHealth合作，研發(fā)能夠檢測(cè)生物年齡的測(cè)試，然而遭到別的科學(xué)家的批評(píng)。由此可知，一些科學(xué)家批評(píng)他，是因?yàn)檎J(rèn)為他夸大字節(jié)的研究結(jié)果，并以此牟利。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“theresultsmakesensegivenMr.Robert'sgenetics—longevityrunsinhisfamilyandlifestyle,whichislikelylessstressful.(考慮到羅伯特的基因長(zhǎng)壽與他的家庭和生活方式有關(guān)，他的生活壓力可能更小，這一結(jié)果是合理的。)”可知，戈登教授解釋說(shuō)，這是因?yàn)榱_伯特先生的遺傳基因，他的家族都長(zhǎng)壽。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。本文介紹了解生物年齡的好處是能夠讓人們通過(guò)改變自身行為習(xí)慣來(lái)延長(zhǎng)壽命。故B項(xiàng)“了解你的生物年齡，延長(zhǎng)壽命”可以作為本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。DDiscussionsabouttheimpactoffalsenewsoftencenteronourpreferenceofconfirmation:wetendtobelieveandsharethingsthatfitwithourpriorbeliefs.Anewstudyfindsthatwe'repoorjudgesoftruthfulnessevenwhenwecan'ttrustaparticularsource—andweoverestimateourpowersofjudgment.Inthreeexperiments,theresearchersaskedparticipantstorecordtwoshortvideos,onetodescribeareallifenewseventandonetomakeupanevent.Theyweretoldtheywouldgetarewardifviewersthoughtthattheeventsdescribedineithervideoweretrue.Viewers,fortheirpart,werepaidbothforaccuracyandforcorrectlyestimatingtheiraccuracy.Acrossalltheexperiments,viewers’abilitytodistinguishliesfromtruthstayedatorjustabove50%,justlikeflipping(拋)acointodecide.Theybelievedfalsevideosanddoubtedtrueones.Morethan65%ofmenand61%ofwomenthoughtthey'dperformedbetterthantheyactuallyhad.Inoneoftheexperiments,theresearchersexploredwhethercertainbehaviorsexhibitedinthevideoswereassociatedwithlying.Thispointedtoseveralclues,andanalysissuggestedthatviewersnoticedtheclues,buttheytendedtointerprettheminthewrongdirection.Forexample,theyjudgedwordiervideostobetrue.Inthefinalexperiment,someviewerswereshowneightvideos,includingonesharedbyapreviousviewerbecauseheorshefoundittobeinterestingandbelievable.Theyselectedoneoftheeighttowatchandassessfortruthfulness.Knowingthatavideohadbeensharedgreatlyincreasedthechancesthatparticipantswouldchooseittowatch,andtheybelievedwhatthepreviousviewerhadthoughttobetrue.Actuallymostofthesharedvideoswerefalseandhadbeenmisjudgedbythefirstviewers.“Thebinationofoverconfidenceandbeingbadatdetectinglies,withanoverrelianceonsharedcontent,mayexplainwhyfakenewsissoprominentandinfluential,”theresearcherswrite.12.Howdopeoplejudgefalsenewsaccordingtothenewstudy?A.Onthebasisofcarefulresearch. B.Accordingtopersonalpreferences.C.Basedontheinfluenceofthenews. D.Afterattendingagroupdiscussion.13.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparticipantsintheexperiments?A.Mostofthemperformedbetterthanexpected.B.Someofthemflippedcoinstomakeajudgment.C.Theytendedtoseethecluesintheoppositeway.D.Theymadegoodjudgmentwhengivengoodclues.14.Whataffectedthejudgmentofsomeparticipantsinthefinalexperiment?A.Theopinionsofpreviousviewers. B.Theirabilitytotellliesfromtruth.C.Thenumberofvideosofferedtothem. D.Thenatureofthebehaviorsinthevideos.15.What'sthetextmainlyabout?A.It'simportanttotellfalsenewsfromrealnews.B.Sharedvideosusuallycarrymisjudgednews.C.Falsenewsismadebybiningseveralforces.D.Preferencesdetermineourjudgmentoffakenews.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要介紹了人們是如何判斷新聞的真實(shí)性的，以及虛假新聞是如何產(chǎn)生的。研究人員通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了虛假新聞突出和有影響力的原因是：過(guò)度自信和不善于發(fā)現(xiàn)謊言，以及對(duì)共享內(nèi)容的過(guò)度依賴?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的句子“wetendtobelieveandsharethingsthatfitwithourpriorbeliefs(我們傾向于相信并分享與我們先前的信念相符的東西)”可知，我們會(huì)相信與我們的信念一致的新聞,即根據(jù)個(gè)人偏好判斷新聞的真實(shí)性。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的句子“Thispointedtoseveralclues,andanalysissuggestedthatviewersnoticedtheclues,buttheytendedtointerprettheminthewrongdirection.(這指向了一些線索，分析表明，觀眾注意到了這些線索，但他們往往以錯(cuò)誤的方向解讀它們)”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)參與者錯(cuò)誤地解讀了視頻中線索。故選C項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的句子“Knowingthatavideohadbeensharedgreatlyincreasedthechancesthatparticipantswouldchooseittowatch,andtheybelievedwhatthepreviousviewerhadthoughttobetrue.(知道一段視頻被分享后，參與者選擇觀看的幾率大大增加，他們會(huì)相信之前的觀眾認(rèn)為真實(shí)的東西)”可知，之前的觀眾認(rèn)為真實(shí)的東西，他們看了后也會(huì)相信，即之前觀眾的意見(jiàn)影響了最終實(shí)驗(yàn)中一些參與者的判斷。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。文章第一段中主要陳述關(guān)于虛假新聞的影響的討論通常以證實(shí)我們的偏好為中心：我們傾向于相信和分享與我們之前的信念相符的東西。一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使我們不能相信某個(gè)特定的來(lái)源，我們對(duì)真實(shí)性的判斷能力也很差，而且我們高估了自己的判斷能力。下文通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)去驗(yàn)證作者的觀點(diǎn)?？芍疚闹饕ㄟ^(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)去證明，對(duì)于信息內(nèi)容的偏好，影響了我們對(duì)于真假信息的判斷。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。EveryyearonthethirdSundayinJune,Father’sDayiscelebratedbyfamiliesallaroundtheworld.Wecelebrateandhonorfathersandtheirinfluenceinourlives.Apartfromyourbiologicalfather,youcanalsocelebrategrandfathers,stepfathers,andothersyouconsiderfatherfigures.___16___ThehistoryofFather’sDaygoesbackto1908,whenachurchinWestVirginiahonored362menkilledthepreviousyearinacoalminingexplosion.Thefollowingyear,awomannamedDoddstartedherquesttoestablishFather’sDayasanationalholiday.___17___Soshethoughtfathersshouldbehonoredinthesamewayasmothers.___18___Itwasfinallydeclaredanationalholidayin1972.Ittookmorethan60yearsfromthebirthoftheideatoFather’sDayactuallybeingrecognizedasaholiday.___19___Inthe1920sand1930s,therewasanationalmovementtogetridofbothMother’sandFather’sDayandreplacethemwithone“Parent’sDay”.Meanwhile,manyfathersdidn’twantsuchaholiday.Afterall,astheonlybreadwinnersatthetime,theydidn’tparticularlywanttheirhardearnedcashspentonflowersandchocolates.___20___StrugglingbusinessmenpushedthegiftgivingholidayduringtheDepression,andduringtheWar,Father’sDaybecameawaytohonorthemanyfathersservingoverseas.BythetimePresidentNixonsignedtheFather’sDayasaholiday,itwasalreadyanationalinstitution.A.Doddwasoneofsixchildrenraisedbytheirsinglefather.B.Therefore,thehistoryofFather’sDayisn’tstraightlyaccepted.C.Alothappenedtothreatentheparentcelebratingholidaysthen.D.Wehavetheanswerstoyourwonderaboutthisdadcenteredday.E.Givethemanicedadgifttoshowhowmuchyouappreciatethem!F.Dodd’shomestateofWashingtoncelebratedFather’sDayin1910.G.TheGreatDepressionandWorldWarIIhelpedboosttheideaofFather’sDay.【答案】16.E17.A18.F19.C20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了父親節(jié)的歷史，以及人們?cè)O(shè)立這個(gè)節(jié)日的初衷和該節(jié)日的發(fā)展過(guò)程?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Apartfromyourbiologicalfather,youcanalsocelebrategrandfathers,stepfathers,andothersyouconsiderfatherfigures.(除了你的生父，你也可以慶祝祖父、繼父和其他你認(rèn)為是父親的人)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是我們應(yīng)該給誰(shuí)慶祝父親節(jié)。后文應(yīng)該承接的是給他們慶祝父親節(jié)的時(shí)候應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備一份精心準(zhǔn)備的禮物以表達(dá)感激之情。E選項(xiàng)“Givethemanicedadgifttoshowhowmuchyouappreciatethem!(給他們一份好爸爸的禮物來(lái)表達(dá)你對(duì)他們的感激之情！)”符合語(yǔ)境，承接前文。故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)前文“ThehistoryofFather’sDaygoesbackto1908,whenachurchinWestVirginiahonored362menkilledthepreviousyearinacoalminingexplosion.Thefollowingyear,awomannamedDoddstartedherquesttoestablishFather’sDayasanationalholiday.(父親節(jié)的歷史可以追溯到1908年，當(dāng)時(shí)西弗吉尼亞州的一座教堂紀(jì)念前一年在煤礦爆炸中遇難的362名男子。第二年，一位名叫多德的婦女開(kāi)始尋求將父親節(jié)確立為全國(guó)性節(jié)日)”可知，前文講述的是Dodd的故事，她提議把父親節(jié)設(shè)置為國(guó)家的法定節(jié)日。同時(shí)根據(jù)后文“Soshethoughtfathersshouldbehonoredinthesamewayasmothers.(所以她認(rèn)為父親應(yīng)該像母親一樣受到尊敬)”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)的是Dodd的個(gè)人情況。A選項(xiàng)“Doddwasoneofsixchildrenraisedbytheirsinglefather.(多德是由單身父親撫養(yǎng)的六個(gè)孩子之一)”能夠承上啟下。故選A?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Itwasfinallydeclaredanationalholidayin1972.(1972年，它終于被宣布為全國(guó)性節(jié)日。)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是父親節(jié)被宣布成為全國(guó)性的節(jié)日，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該與此對(duì)應(yīng)。F選項(xiàng)“Dodd’shomestateofWashingtoncelebratedFather’sDayin1910.(多德的家鄉(xiāng)華盛頓州在1910年慶祝父親節(jié))”強(qiáng)調(diào)的是第一個(gè)慶祝父親節(jié)的州，與后文形成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故選F。【19題詳解】根據(jù)下文的“Inthe1920sand1930s,therewasanationalmovementtogetridofbothMother’sandFather’sDayandreplacethemwithone“Parent’sDay”.Meanwhile,manyfathersdidn’twantsuchaholiday.(在20世紀(jì)20年代和30年代，有一個(gè)全國(guó)性的運(yùn)動(dòng)，廢除母親節(jié)和父親節(jié)，代之以一個(gè)“父母節(jié)”。與此同時(shí)，許多父親并不想要這樣的節(jié)日)”可知，在歷史上父親節(jié)多次遭遇反對(duì)。C選項(xiàng)“Alothappenedtothreatentheparentcelebratingholidaysthen.(當(dāng)時(shí)發(fā)生了很多事威脅到父母慶祝節(jié)日)”引起下文。故選C?！?0題詳解】設(shè)空處為段首，應(yīng)該是本段的主旨，根據(jù)下文的“StrugglingbusinessmenpushedthegiftgivingholidayduringtheDepression,andduringtheWar,Father’sDaybecameawaytohonorthemanyfathersservingoverseas.(在經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條時(shí)期，苦苦掙扎的商人們推動(dòng)了這個(gè)送禮節(jié)日，而在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，父親節(jié)成為了向許多在海外服役的父親們致敬的一種方式)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是父親節(jié)在經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條和二戰(zhàn)期間逐漸流行起來(lái)。故本段的主題應(yīng)該是經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條和第二次世界大戰(zhàn)促進(jìn)了父親節(jié)被人們接受。故G選項(xiàng)“TheGreatDepressionandWorldWarIIhelpedboosttheideaofFather’sDay.(大蕭條和第二次世界大戰(zhàn)推動(dòng)了父親節(jié)的想法)”與此呼應(yīng)。故選G。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。At17,Ididn’thaveenoughmoneyforcollege.Mymom’sboss,Mr.Overstreet,oftenmadegenerous___21___forvariouscharitypurposes.Onthe___22___thatMr.Overstreetwouldagreetohelpme,MomsuggestedthatIaskifhispanywould___23___helpingmepayformycollege.I___24___walkedintohislargeoffice,andtoldMr.Overstreetwithallmy___25___thatIwantedacollegeeducationbadly.Hetoldmethathewouldrefermy___26___totheboardofdirectors.Later,as___27___,Iwenttohisoffice.Mr.Overstreet___28___methatifhiscorporationpaidformyeducation,theywouldhavetodoitforallthe___29___.IthankedMr.Overstreetandthen,___30___startedtorundownmyface.Ithitmethatinnocasewouldmychanceofgoingtocollege___31___.Then,fullof___32___,Mr.Overstreetsaid,“Son,thepanycouldn’tpayforyourcollege,butIcould.”Withthat,Mr.Overstreetproduceda___33___fromhisdeskandsentmetocollege.Fouryearslater,Ihadthe___34___ofkeepingmypromisetoMr.Overstreet.IgraduatedfirstinmyclassandwentontoVanderbiltLawSchool,andMr.Overstreetlivedjustlongenoughtoseeme___35___.Eightyearslater,IwaselectedtotheUSCongress.Inmy___36___speechthatnightonstage,I___37___Mr.Overstreetlookingdownfromheaven.___38___,asChairmanoftheHigherEducationmittee,Imanagedtoincreasecollege___39___aidforlowinestudentsby62%.Mr.Overstreet’ssingleactof___40___toonepoorkidendeduphelpingmorestudentsfromlowinefamiliesgotocollege.21.A.suggestions B.introductions C.instructions D.contributions22.A.basis B.data C.assumption D.choice23A.consider B.admire C.brush D.withdraw24.A.similarly B.nervously C.secretly D.normally25.A.knowledge B.curiosity C.ambition D.passion26.A.demand B.request C.concern D.procedure27.A.admitted B.advanced C.opposed D.scheduled28.A.directed B.confirmed C.informed D.texted29.A.employees B.bosses C.seniors D.trainees30.A.sweat B.disappointment C.outbreaks D.tears31.A.collapse B.conflict C.cooperate D.emerge32.A.satisfaction B.bitterness C.sympathy D.attention33.A.report B.map C.check D.paper34.A.sense B.honor C.appointment D.identity35.A.graduate B.marry C.distribute D.survive36.A.victory B.trend C.consequence D.bonus37.A.forecasted B.imagined C.remembered D.enjoyed38.A.Temporarily B.Apparently C.Eventually D.Frequently39.A.academic B.financial C.social D.fundamental40.A.kindness B.optimism C.honesty D.dignity【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.B25.D26.B27.D28.C29.A30.D31.D32.C33.C34.B35.A36.A37.B38.C39.B40.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。作者17歲那年沒(méi)錢(qián)上大學(xué)，母親公司的老板自掏腰包幫助作者圓了大學(xué)夢(mèng)。后來(lái)作者學(xué)業(yè)有成，擔(dān)任高官之后，致力于幫助貧困學(xué)子上大學(xué)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我媽媽的老板奧弗斯特里特先生經(jīng)常為各種慈善事業(yè)慷慨捐款。A.suggestions建議；B.introductions介紹；C.instructions說(shuō)明（書(shū)）；D.contributions捐贈(zèng)。根據(jù)后文的“forvariouscharitypurposes”可知，Overstreet先生經(jīng)常會(huì)慷慨捐助慈善事業(yè)。故選D。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在奧弗斯特里特先生會(huì)同意幫助我的前提下，媽媽建議我問(wèn)問(wèn)他的公司是否會(huì)考慮幫我支付大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)。A.basis基礎(chǔ)；B.data數(shù)據(jù)；C.assumption假設(shè)；D.choice選擇。根據(jù)后文的“MomsuggestedthatIaskifhispanywould___3___helpingmepayformycollege.”可知，媽媽建議我向她的公司求助，詢問(wèn)公司是否能夠幫助支付我得大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)，其假設(shè)的前提是Overstreet同意幫助我。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.consider考慮；B.admire欽佩，羨慕；C.brush刷，輕擦；D.withdraw撤退，取錢(qián)。根據(jù)后文“helpingmepayformycollege.”可知，媽媽建議我問(wèn)問(wèn)他的公司是否會(huì)考慮幫我支付大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)。故選A。【24題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我緊張地走進(jìn)他的大辦公室，滿懷熱情地告訴奧弗斯特里特先生，我非常想接受大學(xué)教育。A.similarly相似地；B.nervously緊張地；C.secretly秘密地；D.normally正常地。根據(jù)常識(shí)和后文的“walkedintohislargeoffice”可知，我向Mr.Overstreet尋求幫助，因此緊張地走到Mr.Overstreet辦公室。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.knowledge知識(shí)；B.curiosity好奇心；C.ambition雄心；D.passion熱情。根據(jù)后文的“Iwantedacollegeeducationbadly.”可知，是我迫切地想要接受大學(xué)教育，故是充滿熱情地告訴Mr.Overstreet先生。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他告訴我他會(huì)把我的請(qǐng)求提交給董事會(huì)。A.demand要求；B.request請(qǐng)求；C.concern關(guān)心；D.procedure程序。根據(jù)前文“MomsuggestedthatIaskifhispanywould___3___helpingmepayformycollege.”可知，我向Mr.Overstreet先生請(qǐng)求幫助，Mr.Overstreet先生但應(yīng)將我的請(qǐng)求提交董事會(huì)。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：后來(lái)，按照事先約定，我去了他的辦公室。A.admitted承認(rèn)；B.advanced使先進(jìn)；C.opposed反對(duì)；D.scheduled安排，約定。根據(jù)常識(shí)后文的“Iwenttohisoffice.”可知，是按照事前約定好的時(shí)間。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：奧弗斯特里特先生告訴我，如果他的公司支付我的教育費(fèi)用，他們就必須為所有員工支付。A.directed指導(dǎo)；B.confirmed證實(shí)；C.informed通知；D.texted發(fā)短信。根據(jù)后文的“thatifhiscorporationpaidformyeducation,theywouldhavetodoitforallthe___9___.”可知，是告知我的內(nèi)容。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.employees雇員；B.bosses老板；C.seniors長(zhǎng)者；D.trainees學(xué)員。根據(jù)前文的“Mymom’sboss,Mr.Overstreet”如果，媽媽的公司支付了我的學(xué)費(fèi)，那么就需要支付其他員工子女