名詞性從句梳理一、名詞性從句梳理基礎(chǔ)知識回顧知識講解主語從句：做主語用的名詞性從句，因其在復合句中做主語，又稱主語從句，引導主語從句的有連詞that，whether，連接代詞who，what，which，連接副詞when，where，how，why等。1）從屬連詞：that，whether等.that引導主語從句只起引導作用，本身無實際意義，在主語從句中不充當任何成分，但不能省略。Thathewillwiniscertain.他肯定會贏。Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear.他是否會來這里還不清楚。注意:由that引導的主語從句有時為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,避免“頭重腳輕”,常用it作形式主語,而把從句放在后面。例如:Thathewillrefusethispieceofadviceisimpossible.Itisimpossiblethathewillrefusethispieceofadvice.it為形式主語2.Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型:1)Itis+n.+從句Itisapity/shamethat...遺憾的是……Itisasurprisethat…令人驚奇的是…Itisafactthat……是事實Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常識2)Itis+adj.+從句It’scertainthat…肯定…Itispossiblethat...很可能……Itisunlikelythat...不可能……Itisobviousthat…很明顯…Itisnecessary\important\natural\...that…+(should)+do…3)It+不及物動詞+從句Ithappenedthat...碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起…4)It+be+過去分詞+從句Itissaidthat...據(jù)說……Itisknowntoallthat...眾所周知……Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報道……Itisbelievedthat...據(jù)信……;人們相信……Itissuggestedthat+(should）do...建議……Itmustbeadmittedthat…必須承認……Itcannotbedeniedthat…不可否認……Itmustbepointedoutthat…需指出的是……2.連接代詞who，what，which,whatever,whichever,whoever(Who,whom,which,what可以和ever構(gòu)成合成詞，和what一樣引導從句，ever起到強調(diào)作用。此類主語從句不能用形式主語it引導，它們在句子中擔任成分，不能省略，語序為陳述語序)Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthattheearthisround…Whowilltakepartinthemeetinghasnotbeendecided.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.Whichstudentwillwinisuncertain.Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.這里說的話都應(yīng)當保密。Whoevermakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.凡犯了錯誤的人都必須改正。3)連接副詞when，where，how，why等。Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Whentheywillleaveisnotdecided.Wheresheisfromisunknown.Howwewillpaintthehousehasnotbeendecided.主語從句的規(guī)律：

找出下列句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)規(guī)律例1.Whenwillhecomeisnotknown.正：Whenhewillcomeisnotknown.規(guī)律一、主語從句一律用陳述語序，即主語在前，謂語在后。例2.Hewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.正：Thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.規(guī)律二、連詞that在從句中無實際意義，但不能省略。例3.Ifthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.正：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.規(guī)律三、whether可以引導主語從句，放在句首，但if不能例4.Thatwhetherhewillhelpothersisafact.正：Thathewillhelpothersisafact.規(guī)律四、主語從句中的連詞不能重疊使用。例5.Whenhewillcomeareapuzzle.正：Whenhewillcomeisapuzzle.規(guī)律五、含主語從句的主句謂語動詞多用單數(shù)第三人稱形式。1.Whatheneedsisthatbook.2.Whatheneedsaresomebooks.規(guī)律六、what引導的主語從句，可根據(jù)表語決定主句動詞的單復數(shù)形式。Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntoall.Itisknowntoallthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.規(guī)律七、主語從句為了避免頭重腳輕現(xiàn)象，用it做形式主語，而把從句放在后面。知識講解——表語從句1.Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.2.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.3.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.4.That’swhyIwaslate.一、表語從句的定義：表語從句在復合句中作主句的表語。表語從句和主語指同一內(nèi)容，它對主語進行解釋、說明，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化。結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+系動詞+表語從句”。可以接表語從句的系動詞有be,look,remain,seem等。連接詞：that/whether/asif/asthough連接代詞：who/whom/whose/which/what連接副詞：when/where/why/how/because二、引導詞的用法1.that在表語從句中既不充當成分,又沒有意義。Thefactisthathehasn’tyetrecoveredfromillness.Thereasonwhyhehastogoisthathismotherisillinbed.2.whether在表語從句中表“是否”,但不充當句子的成分。if不能引導表語從句.如:Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.3.what在表語從句中充當主語、賓語或表語表示什么，什么樣子，或所…的（人或事）Thequestioniswhatcausedtheaccident.Thatmountainisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.Whathetoldyouwaswhathadbeendiscussedatthemeeting.4.who在表語從句中充當主語、賓語或表語表示誰.TheproblemiswhocoulddotheworkMytroubleiswho(whom)Icanturnto.5.which在引導表語從句時,常充當定語,表語表示其中哪一個。如：Ireadaboutitinsomebookoranother,butwhatIdon’tknowiswhich(book)itis.6.由asif,asthough引導表語從句，表示好像。句子中的系動詞常用look,appear,seem等。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Theyoungmanwithlonghairlooksasifhewereagirl.當主句的主語為reason,或者是由why引導的從句時,與它們相關(guān)的表語從句用that來引導,而不能由because引導;because引導表語從句時只能用于It/That/Thisis/wasbecause…句型中.ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthatImissedthetrain.Iwaslate.It/That/ThiswasbecauseImissedthetrain.8.當表語從句中主語、賓語、表語具備，但是還是要表示疑問含義，可以判斷句子中缺少狀語，常常用相應(yīng)的特殊疑問詞引導，有why,when,where,how等Thisishowhedidit.That’swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.三、表語從句引導詞注意事項1.that引導表語從句時不能省.2.if不能引導表語從句.3.除that外的所有引導詞都有自己的意義。4.除that,whether外的所有引導詞都須在從句中充當相應(yīng)的成分同位語從句觀察下列句子劃線的部分。1.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.2.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.3.WordcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.4.Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy.同位語從句1.概念:同位語是句子成分的一種,它位于名詞、代詞后面,說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況,它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或從句充當。2.功能:同位語從句對名詞進一步解釋、說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。常跟的抽象名詞有:Fact/idea/reason/thought/order/doubt/news/hope/truth/belief/theory/decision/discovery/problem/evidence/opinion4.連詞that/whether/who/which/what/when/where/why/how同位語從句有時被別的詞把它和名詞隔開：ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.1.由從屬連詞that，whether引導的同位語從句。（不作成分，不能省略）Informationhasbeenputforwardthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.有消息透露，大學將招收更多的中學畢業(yè)生。Thefactthatwelackenoughphonesneedstobeconsidered.Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.Ididn'treceivethenewsthatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.我沒有聽到會議被推遲的消息。2.由關(guān)系代詞引導的同位語從句。（who,what,whatever,whoever等作主語、賓語、表語）Thequestionwhoshouldbethefirsthasnotbeensettled.誰應(yīng)該是第一名的問題還沒有定下來。Youcanhavenoideawhathesaid.你根本想不到他說了些什么。3.由關(guān)系副詞引導的同位語從句。（where,when,why,how作狀語）Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.我不知道他什么時候回來。Theyusuallywriteexactinstructionshowthemusicistobeplayed.他們通常為如何演奏樂曲寫出精確的說明。1.Thesuitfittedhimwellexcept________thecolorwasalittlebrighter.2.Eatwhichevercakeyoulikeandleavetheothersfor_______comesinlate.3. Itoldhim_______Iwassurprisedathisattitudetowardshisstudy.4. Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis________mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.5LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster_______hehaddonethedaybefore.6. _______fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.7. Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview.Pleaserememberthegoldenrule；Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly _______hewants.8. _______madetheschoolproudwasthatmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.9.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat_______Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.10. Alongwiththeletterwashispromise _______hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.11. Iwanttoknow_______thethiefwascaughtonthespot.12. Doris，successliesinthefact_______sheisco-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.13. Byimprovingreadingskills,youcanreadfasterandunderstandmoreof_______youread.14. Thenews_______ ourathleteswonanothergoldmedalwasreportedinyesterday’snewspaper.15. _______wearesureaboutistheneedtopreventchildrenfrombeingspoiled.16. Menusuallygostraightto_______theywantandleavequicklywhenshopping.17. Tinawashesitationaboutthejobofferasshedidnotknow_______thecompanywasanestablishedone.18. Thereisnoobviousevidence_______ thereislifeonanyotherplanetinthesolarsystem.19. Ihavenoidea _______thejournalistcouldhavegothisinformationfrom.20. _______comeswillbewelcomedtotheopen-airconcert.1.that;2.whoever;3.that;4.whether;5.what;6.that;7.what;8.what;10.what;11.whether;12.that;13.what;14.that;15.what;16.what;17.whether;18.that;19.where;20.whoever強化訓練1. _______shecouldn'tunderstandwaswhyfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterest,inherlessons.2. Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______ itis.3. Informationhasbeenputforward_______moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.4. There’safeelinginme_______we’llneverknowwhataUFOis-notever.5. Perseveranceisakindofqualityandthat’s_______ittakestodoanythingwell.6. Itisprettywellunderstood_______controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.7. Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_______roadconditionsneedtobeimproved.8. AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth, _______ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.9. Astorygoes_______ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethatbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt，10.Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaris_______itcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.11. Hespokeproudlyofhispartinthegame,withoutmentioning_______histeammateshaddone.12. _______hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.13. Thetraditionalviewis______wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.14. Ashisbestfriend.Icanmakeaccurateguessesabout _______hewilldoorthink.15. Ithasbeenproved_______eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessesinlaterlife.16. Itisnotimmediatelyclear_______thefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.17. Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksof _______hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.18. Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeis_______shecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.19. Whenchanginglanes，adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknow____laneheisentering.20. Thereisclearevidence_______themostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpretisbodilypain.1.what;2.who;3.that;4.that;5.what;6.what;7.that;8.what;9.that;10.that;11.what;12.what;13.that;14.what;15.that;16.whether;17.how;18.that;19.which;20.thatSectionD.PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(要求運用主語從句的相關(guān)句型)1據(jù)說船上的人員與犯罪無關(guān)。(It；crew)Itwassaidthatthecrewhadnothingtodowiththecrime.2.他在北方的冬季培植黃瓜確實太奇妙了。(cultivate)Itisreallywonderfulthatheshouldcultivatecucumberinthenorthduringthewinter.3.這種藥能否治好頭痛很難說。(cure)Itishardtosaywhetherthemedicinecancurehimofhisheadache,4.風俗習慣告訴我們的是我們的先人過去經(jīng)常做的一些事。(What；custom；ancestor)Whatcustomtellsusiswhatourancestorsusedtodo.5.他報名參加100米短跑令所有人擔心。（dash)Thatheenteredfor100-meterdashworriedallthepeople.6.為什么他對我們的建議充耳不聞仍然是個謎。（turnadeafearto）Whyheturnedadeafeartooursuggestionisstillmystery.7.眾所周知幾十年來我們一直在辯論關(guān)于污染的問題。(decade;debate)Itisknowntoallthatwehavebeendebatingontheproblemofpollutionfordecades.8.這種植物怎樣腐爛，為什么會腐爛仍然是個未知數(shù)。（delay）Howandwhythiskindofplantsdecaysisstillaunknown.9.這個小孩是如何蒙騙成年人的，這正是我們要提出的問題。(deceive)Howthechilddeceivestheadultsisthequestionthatwewanttoraise.10.似乎裝潢的費用在下降。(It；decoration,decline)Itseemsthatthecostofhousedecorationisdeclining.SectionE.PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(要求運用名詞性從句的相關(guān)句型)1.他應(yīng)受到表揚的原因是他把全部精力都獻給了數(shù)學。(deserve；devote)Thereasonwhyhedeservestobepraisedisthathehasdevotedhimselftomathematics.2.他們?nèi)σ愿暗哪繕耸窃谔旌谝郧芭郎仙巾敗?desperate)Theaimtheyweredesperateforwasthattheyhadtoclimbuptothemountainbeforedark.3.使我們感到沮喪的是我們無法理解老師的講解。(depress；beyond)Whatmadeusdepressedwasthattheteachers'explanationwasbeyondourunderstanding.4.問題是警察是否會詳細地描述這一事故。(detail；describe)Theproblemwaswhetherthepolicemanwoulddescribetheaccidentindetail,5.他會否認在銀行存過錢，這正是我們已經(jīng)預料到的。(deny；deposit)Hedenieddepositingmoneyinthebank,whichwaswhatweexpected.6.這僅僅是因為他決心當一名偵探。(determine；detective)Itissimplybecauseheisdeterminedtobeadetective.7.這個地區(qū)很混亂，它不再是以前的那個樣子了。(disorderly)Theareaisdisorderly,anditisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.8.他解雇這個年輕人的理由是他不服從安排。(dismiss；disobey)Thereasonlorhisdismissingtheyoungmanwasthathedisobeyedhisarrangement.9.她體重減輕是因為她在節(jié)食。(diet)Whyshelostweightwasthatshewasgoingonadiet.似乎美國英語和英國英語在發(fā)音和拼寫上有不同。(seem；differ)ItseemsthatAmericanEnglishdiffersfromBritishEnglishinpronunciationandspelling.SectionE.PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(要求運用賓語從句的相關(guān)句型)1.我們認為在別人講話時干擾別人是不禮貌的。(it;disturb)Wedon'tthinkitpolitethatwedisturbotherswhentheyaretalking.2.他們認為人權(quán)問題并不是國內(nèi)問題。(domestic)Theydon'tthinkthattheproblemofhumanrightsisadomesticone.3.他們得出結(jié)論：古代婦女在家庭中處于支配地位。(dominate)Theyconcludedthatwomenweredominatedinthefamilyinancienttimes.4.我懷疑我們的鋼產(chǎn)量是否會翻倍。(doubt;double)Wedoubtwhethertheoutputofsteelwillbedoubled.5.我不懷疑他們會下載這些數(shù)據(jù)。(download)Idon'tdoubtthattheywilldownloadthedata.6.我真希望三打飲料在昨天的晚會上被喝掉。(dozen)Iwishthat3dozensofdrinkhadbeendrunkatthepartyyesterday.7.昨天晚會上，我希望我們能喝掉幾十瓶飲料。(wish;dozen)Iwishdozensofbottlesofdrinkhadbeendrunkbyusatthepar