2025年高考押題預(yù)測(cè)卷（北京專用02）

英語?全解全析

（考試時(shí)間：90分鐘試卷滿分：100分）

注意事項(xiàng)：

1、考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。

2、考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)供10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題

卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

Itwashot.AnditwasSaturday!”I]pullingweeds!,?Ithought.Still,Imadesuretopullevery

annoyingweed.Mydadcould2asingleweedamileaway.Andifhespottedevenone,I'dbestuckworking

allday.

“Dad,I'mdone,^^Ishoutedfromthegarden,feelingsurethatIhaddoneagoodjob.ButthenDad_3

outofthehouse.

“Don'tshout!”hesaid,wavinganangryfinger,Uyoumissedaspot.”

Isighedandwentbacktowork.Atterawhile,IlookedbackatDad.Hestillworethatmadlookonhisface,

hiseyessearchingthegardenasifhecouldfindeverytinyimperfection.

“Okay,“hesaid,4,“Iguessyou5redone."AsDadwalkedbacktothehouse,Iwonderedifheliked

me.

Twoweekslater,onthemorningofanotherweedpickingweekend,Iwokeupfeverish.t6Lefsgo,“Dadsaid,

5_mefromthebed."Youneedtoseeadoctor.,,"Please,no,“Isaidina6voiceJTdratherpullweeds.9,

Hetookmeanyway,andthedoctorsaidIhadpneumonia（肺炎）.

Thatnighta（n）7wokemefrommysleep.Isawmydadwhocameuptomeandputhishandagainst

my8.Then,Isawhim9somethingonmytable.Whenheleft,Ifoundanecklacewithacharmshaped

likeasmalldog,justlikemyfavoritepet.Iheldittomyheartandcried.Mydad,whoneverhuggedmeorsaid,"I

10you”,hadjustsaiditall.

1.A.preferB.tolerateC,avoidD.hate

2.A.seeB.markC.removeD.ignore

3.A.boundedB.struggledC.slippedD.stormed

4.A.turningawayB.breakingdownC.noddingoffD.rushingforward

5.A.wakingB.liftingC.shakingD.rescuing

6.A.confidentB.strangeC.cheerfulD.weak

7.A.screamB.noiseC.alarmD,whisper

8.A.armB.shoulderC.foreheadD.wrist

9.A.layB.throwC.writeD.adjust

10.A.respectB.trustC.loveD.miss

【答案】

1.D2.A3.D4.A5.B6.D7.B8.C9.A10.C

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者的父親讓作者拔草，而作者討厭這一活動(dòng)，父親的態(tài)度讓

作者懷疑父親對(duì)自己的愛。直到作者生病，父親送了一條項(xiàng)鏈，表達(dá)自己的愛。

1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“我討厭拔草！“我想。A.prefer偏愛；B.tolerate忍受；C.avoid避免；D.hate

討厭。根據(jù)后文“Still,Imadesuretopulleveryannoyingweed.（盡管如此，我還是把所有煩人的草都拔掉了）”

可知，作者討厭拔草。故選D。

2.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我爸一英里外就能看到一株雜草。A.see看見；B.mark標(biāo)記；C.remove去

除；D.ignore忽視。根據(jù)后文“asingleweedamileaway”指父親很遠(yuǎn)就能看見雜草。故選A。

3.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后爸爸就怒氣沖沖地走出了房子。A.bounded跳躍；B.struggled努力；C.

slipped滑動(dòng)；D.stormed猛烈攻擊，怒氣沖沖地走出。根據(jù)后文“"Don'tshout!9,hesaid,wavinganangryfinger,

“youmissedaspot.”（“別喊！”他生氣地?fù)]舞著手指說，“你漏了一個(gè)地方。可知，指父親怒氣沖沖地走出

了房子。故選D。

4.考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：“好吧，”他說著轉(zhuǎn)過身去“我想你做完了。“A.turningaway轉(zhuǎn)移；B.breaking

down出故障；C.noddingoff打瞌睡；D.rushingforward向前沖。根據(jù)后文“AsDadwalkedbacktothehouse,

Iwonderedifhelikedme.（當(dāng)爸爸走回家的時(shí)候，我懷疑他是否喜歡我）”指父親檢查完作者的工作，轉(zhuǎn)身回家。

故選Ao

5.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:“我們走吧，”爸爸說著，把我從床上抱起來。A.waking散步；B.lifting舉起；

C.shaking搖晃；D.rescuing救援。根據(jù)后文“mefromthebed”指把作者從床上抱起來，故選B。

6.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:“請(qǐng)不要，”我用微弱的聲音說，“我寧愿拔草。"A.confident自信的；B.strange

奇怪的；C.cheerful歡呼的；D.weak虛弱的。根據(jù)上文“Twoweekslater,onthemorningofanotherweedpicking

weekend,Iwokeupfeverish.（兩周后，在另一個(gè)采摘雜草的周末早晨，我醒來時(shí)發(fā)燒了）”指作者因?yàn)榘l(fā)燒而虛

弱。故選D。

7.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那天晚上，一陣嘈雜聲把我從睡夢(mèng)中吵醒。A.scream尖叫；B.noise噪音；

C.alarm警報(bào)；D.whisper低語。根據(jù)后文“wokemefh）mmysleep”指噪音吵醒了作者。故選B。

8.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我看見我爸爸，他走到我跟前，把手放在我的額頭上。A.arm胳膊；B.shoulder

肩膀；C.forehead前額；D.wrist手腕。根據(jù)上文“Iwokeupfbverish.”提到作者發(fā)燒，推測(cè)父親手放在作者

額頭上查看作者體溫。故選C。

9.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，我看見他把什么東西放在我的桌子上。A.lay安放；B.throw扔；C.write

寫；D.adjust調(diào)整。根據(jù)后文“Whenheleft,Ifoundanecklacewithacharmshapedlikeasmalldog,justlikemy

favoritepet.Iheldittomyheartandcried.（當(dāng)他離開時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條項(xiàng)鏈，項(xiàng)鏈上的符咒形狀像一只小狗，

就像我最喜歡的寵物一樣。我把它抱在胸前哭了起來）”可知，父親放下了一條項(xiàng)鏈。故選A。

10.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的父親從來沒有擁抱過我，也沒有說過“我愛你”，但他剛剛把一切都說了

出來。A.respect尊重；B.trust信任；Clove愛；D.miss錯(cuò)過。根據(jù)上文“AsDadwalkedbacktothehouse,I

wonderedifhelikedme.（當(dāng)爸爸走回家的時(shí)候，我懷疑他是否喜歡我）”以及父親送作者項(xiàng)鏈，可知父親用行

動(dòng)表明了自己對(duì)作者的愛。故選C。

第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞

的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。

A

DirectorYangYu,betterknownasJiaozi,hasspentoveradecadeenhancinghisskillsinChina'scompetitive

animationindustry.Earlyinhiscareer,however,he11（face）constantrejectionsandfinancialstruggles.

Hisbreakthroughcamein2019withthemasterpieceNeZha12provedChineseanimationcouldrival

globalgiants.Tocreateafollow-upmovie,heimmersed13（he）inperfectingstorytellingand

cutting-edgeeffects,oftenworking16-hourdays.Hisjourney-fromaself-taughtartisttoapioneer14

（reshape）anindustry-inspiresdreamersworldwide:greatnessisn'tbomovernight,butbuiltthrough

commitment.

【答案】11.faced12.which/that13.himself14.reshaping

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了動(dòng)畫導(dǎo)演餃子(楊宇)的奮斗歷程及其對(duì)行業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)和啟示。

11.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：然而，在他的職業(yè)生涯早期，他面臨著不斷的拒絕和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的掙扎。根據(jù)句中

的Earlyinhiscareer可知，此處描述的是過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，face的過去式為faced,故填faced0

12.考查定語從句。句意：他的突破出現(xiàn)在2019年，他的代表作《哪吒》證明了中國動(dòng)畫可以與全球巨頭

競(jìng)爭(zhēng)?？仗幰龑?dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞為NeZha,指物，且從句中缺少主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which或that

引導(dǎo)。故填which/thato

13.考查代詞。句意：為了創(chuàng)作續(xù)集，他全身心投入到完善故事和尖端特效中，經(jīng)常每天工作16個(gè)小時(shí)。

immerseoneselfin為固定短語，表示“全身心投入”，此處應(yīng)用反身代詞himself,表示“他自己"。故填himselfo

14.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:他的旅程--從自學(xué)成才的藝術(shù)家到重塑行業(yè)的先驅(qū)——激勵(lì)著全世界的夢(mèng)

想家：偉大不是一夜之間誕生的，而是通過獻(xiàn)身建立起來的。句中已有謂語inspires,此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞

作后置定語，修飾pioneer,且pioneer與reshape之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填reshaping。

B

AIandlearninghaveapowerfulandcollaborativerelationship.AIactsasasmarttool,personalizinglessons

15(match)eachstudent'spaceandneeds,whichmakeslearningmoreeffective.Italsosupportsteachersby

automatingtaskslikegrading,allowingthemtofocusmoreoninstructionandstudentinteraction.

However,itisimportanttouseAIresponsibly-itshouldcomplement,notreplace,theroleofteachersand

students.Ensuring16(fair),privacy,andethicaluseisessential.When17(use)wisely,AI

cantransformeducationforthebetter.

【答案】15.tomatch16.fairness17.used

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了AI與學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)系及其在教育中的合理應(yīng)用。

15.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：人工智能充當(dāng)一個(gè)智能工具，通過個(gè)性化課程來匹配每個(gè)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)節(jié)奏和

需求,這使得學(xué)習(xí)更加有效。此處需用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語,表示“為了匹配每個(gè)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)節(jié)奏和需求”。

故填tomatcho

16.考查名詞。句意：確保公平、隱私和道德使用是至關(guān)重要的。空處需用名詞作動(dòng)詞Ensuring的賓語，

fair的名詞為fairness,表示“公平"，是不可數(shù)名詞。故填fairness。

17.考查狀語從句的省略。句意：當(dāng)被明智地使用時(shí)，人工智能能夠讓教育變得更好「When(use)wisely"

是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)，完整形式為：Whenit(指AI)isusedwisely,省略了主語it和be

動(dòng)詞iso故填usedo

C

Emma,akind-heartedvolunteer,hasvisitedover50orphanagesgloballytobringjoytoneedykids.Heraim

istoinspireothers18（share）withthelessfortunateselflessly.Lately,shewenttoacharitableinstitution

forkidsinKenyan,19thechildrenwelcomedherwithpleasantsmilesandsongs.Emmathrewherselfinto

variousactivities20hesitation,immediatelymakingtheatmosphereevenmorelively.Emmahastouched

countlesschildren,showingthemboundlesslove.

【答案】18.toshare19.where20.without

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了志愿者艾瑪幫助孤兒院的兒童的事跡。

18.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：她的目的是激勵(lì)他人無私地與不幸的人分享。短語inspiresb.todosth.表示“激

勵(lì)某人做某事"。故填toshare。

19.考查定語從句。句意：最近，她去了肯尼亞的一個(gè)兒童慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，那里的孩子們用愉快的微笑和歌聲

歡迎她。非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞acharitableinstitution,指物，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句作地點(diǎn)狀語，

故用關(guān)系副詞whereo故填whereo

20.考查介詞。句意：艾瑪毫不猶豫地投入到各種活動(dòng)中，頓時(shí)使氣氛更加活躍。短語withouthesitation表

示“毫不猶豫”。故填withouto

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂

黑。

A

Theappstoreisfloodedwithastronomy-basedappsthatcanhelpguideyoutowardscelestial（天體的）

wonders.Butwhatifyou'rereadytolookdeeperintothenightskyusingatelescope?Nobodywantstomakeabig

investment,andthenaimlesslyscanthestarstryingtofindanobject.Helpisneeded.Thankfully,thereisasolution

tothat.

CelestarisaleaderintheworldoftelescopesanditsStarSmartExplorerappanddockhavebeendesignedtorun

onitstelescopes.ThefreeStarSmartExplorerappusesinformationbasedonpreciselocationandtimetotellyou

whichstarsandplanetscanbeseeninthenightsky.Howitworks

Connectthephonewiththetelescopeandselectyourintendedcelestialtarget.Thephonewillbeheldover

anintegratedmirror,sothatstarpatternscanreflectoffthemirrorandintothephone'scamera.StarSmartExplorer

processestheinformationandyourtelescopewilladjustaccordingly,placingthetargetinthemiddle.

Aswellaslocatingyourdesiredtarget,StarSmartExplorerholdsdetailedinformationaboutyourchosenobject.

Listentoanaudiopresentationwhileyouobserve.Theappwillevengiveyouobservingtipsonhowtogetthebest

view.Whyifsspecial

Mostastronomyappsuseasmartphone'scompasstoestimateitsposition.Thepointingaccuracyofa

smartphonehasmarginforerror.Precisionmatterswhenitcomestostargazing.

StarSmartExploreristheonlyastronomyapptousemodemplatesolvingtechnologytofinditstarget,andit

claimsatypicalpointingaccuracyof0.25°.Theapptakesapictureofthenightskyandmatchesthestarpattern

withintheimagetoitsinternaldatabase.Ifssimilar,inessence,tofacialrecognition.

Platesolvingwouldnormallyrequirespecialisedtechnology,suchassensitiveimagingcamera,lensand

astronomicalsoftware,allatgreatcost.TheStarSmartExplorerappisfreeandworkswellwithStarSmartExplorer

telescopes,startingfrom￡299.99.

Ifyou9rereadytotakeadeeperdiveintoastronomy,Celestar'sStarSmartExplorertechnologywillmakea

finecompanion.Youcandiscovermoreatwww.celestar.com/starsmart.

21.StarSmartExplorercanhelp.

A.decideobservationdurationB.locatestarsprecisely

C.recordinformationonstarsD.findunknownplanets

22.StarSmartExplorerisuniquebecause

A.itmatchesdifferenttypesoftelescopes

B.itusesasmartphone'sbuilt-incompass

C.itispoweredbyadvancedtechnology

D.itisequippedwiththelatestdatabase

23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Tointroduceasetofequipment.B.Topromoteastargazingproduct.

C.Torecommendascienceproject.D.Topresentanastronomicaldiscovery.

【答案】21.B22.C23.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了Celestar的StarSmartExplorer應(yīng)用程序及其功能。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ThefreeStarSmartExplorerappusesinformationbasedonpreciselocationand

timetotellyouwhichstarsandplanetscanbeseeninthenightsky.（免費(fèi)的StarSmartExplorer應(yīng)用程序使用基

于精確位置和時(shí)間的信息來告訴你哪些恒星和行星可以在夜空中看到）”以及第六段中“StarSmartExploreris

theonlyastronomyapptousemodernplatesolvingtechnologytofinditstarget,anditclaimsatypicalpointing

accuracyof0.25°.（StarSmartExplorer是唯一一款使用現(xiàn)代板解技術(shù)來尋找目標(biāo)的天文應(yīng)用程序，它聲稱典型

的指向精度為0.25。）”可知，StarSmartExplorer可以幫助精確地定位恒星。故選B。

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whyit5sspecial標(biāo)題下第二段“StarSmartExploreristheonlyastronomyapptouse

modernplatesolvingtechnologytofinditstarget（StarSmartExplorer是唯一一款使用現(xiàn)代星圖識(shí)別技術(shù)來找到

目標(biāo)的天文應(yīng)用程序）”以及第三段“Platesolvingwouldnormallyrequirespecialisedtechnology,suchas

sensitiveimagingcamera,lensandastronomicalsoftware,allatgreatcost.TheStarSmartExplorerappisfreeand

workswellwithStarSmartExplorertelescopes（星圖識(shí)別通常需要專業(yè)技術(shù)，如靈敏的成像相機(jī)、鏡頭和天文

軟件，所有這些都成本高昂。而StarSmartExplorer應(yīng)用程序是免費(fèi)的，并且與StarSmartExplorer望遠(yuǎn)鏡

配合得很好）”可知，StarSmartExplorer的獨(dú)特之處在于它使用了先進(jìn)的技術(shù)。故選C。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Ifyou9rereadytotakeadeeperdiveintoastronomy,Celesta—sStarSmart

Explorertechnologywillmakeafinecompanion.Youcandiscovermoreat/starsmart.（如果你準(zhǔn)

備更深入地探索天文學(xué)，Celestar的StarSmartExplorer技術(shù)將是一個(gè)很好的伙伴。你可以在

/starsmart上了解更多信息）”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了Celestar的StarSmartExplorer天文觀測(cè)應(yīng)

用的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢(shì)，可推知，這篇文章的目的是推廣一款觀星產(chǎn)品。故選B。

B

In2010,fourfriends,carrying32kgworthofcameraequipment,sunkbeneaththewavesofSodwanaBay,

offtheeastcoastofSouthAfrica.Itwasthenthatphotographer,LaurentBallestastareddirectlyintotheeyesofa

creatureoncethoughttohavediedoutwiththedinosaurs-makinghimthefirstdivertophotographaliving

coelacanth（腔棘魚）.

Butwhatdoesittaketobeatrulygreatoceanphotographer?Danger,saysBallesta.t4Irealisedthatevery

timeadiveiseasy,myphotosarenotgood,^^hesays."IneedtofeelI'minanuncomfortablesituationtogivemy

best.IfyouputmeintheRedSeain20mofwarmwater-Idon'ttakebetterimagesthanothers.9,Inanextreme

situationontheotherhand-oneinwhichhefeelsheshouldn'tbeallowed,thathistimeislimited,thereisan

urgency-aswitchclicks.

ThankstoBallesta^work,wenowknowthecoelacanthisamongthelongest-livingfishspecies,withalife

ofaround100years,andhasoneoftheslowestlifehistoriesofalloceanfish.Long-livedspeciesareespecially

sensitivetonaturalandhumanstressors,anditisonlybyobservingthesecreaturesintheirownhabitatthatwecan

reallybegintounderstandthem.

ThecoelacanthexplorationwasaspringboardforBallesta^explorationcareer.In2019,Ballestapioneereda

newdivingtechnique,whichwouldallowcommercialdiverstosinktogreatdepths.Heusedanelectronically

managedrebreatherforautonomousdeepseaexploration-makinghimthefirstpersontotakewhatcouldbe

describedasanuntiedspacewalkdeepundertheocean.

Bailestaisbothanartistandascientist.Hisworkactsasawindowintotheunknown-onethatwecanall

lookthrough.

24.WhatwasLaurentBallesta'ssignificantachievementin2010?

A.ExploringbeneaththeSodwanaBay.B.Takingphotosofalivingcoelacanth.

C.Findingthesecretofdinosaurextinction.D.Divingwiththeheaviestcameraequipment.

25.WhatmakesLaurentBallestagivehisbest?

A.Fiercecompetitions.B.Newdivingtechnique.

C.Seaanimalknowledge.D.Challengingsituations.

26.Welearnthatlong-livedfishspecies_____

A.livealifeofover100yearsB.havetheslowestlifehistories

C.aresensitivetohumanactivitiesD.areeasytoadapttonewecosystems

27.WhatkindofpersonisLaurentBallesta?

A.Carefulandpassionate.B.Braveandcreative.

C.Modestandhardworking.D.Toughandcompetitive.

【答案】24.B25.D26.C27.B

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了海洋攝影師LaurentBallesta在2010年拍攝到了被認(rèn)為已經(jīng)滅絕

的腔棘魚的活體照片，這一成就開啟了他的探索生涯。

24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Itwasthenthatphotographer,LaurentBallestastareddirectlyintotheeyesofa

creatureoncethoughttohavediedoutwiththedinosaurs-makinghimthefirstdivertophotographaliving

coelacanth.（就在那時(shí)，攝影師LaurentBallesta直視著一種曾被認(rèn)為與恐龍一起滅絕的生物的眼睛---這使

他成為第一個(gè)拍攝到活體腔棘魚照片的潛水員。）”可知，LaurentBallesta在2010年的重大成就是拍攝到活

著的腔棘魚的照片。故選B。

25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“IneedtofeelI'minanuncomfortablesituationtogivemybest.（我需要感覺到自

己處于不舒服的環(huán)境中，才能全力以赴。）”可知，讓LaurentBallesta全力以赴的是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的環(huán)境。故選

Do

26.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Long-livedspeciesareespeciallysensitivetonaturalandhumanstressors.（長(zhǎng)壽物

種對(duì)自然和人類壓力因素特別敏感。）”可知，長(zhǎng)壽魚類對(duì)人類活動(dòng)很敏感。故選C。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“IneedtofeelI'minanuncomfortablesituationtogivemybest.（我需要感覺到自

己處于不舒服的環(huán)境中，才能全力以赴。）"和第四段"Heusedanelectronicallymanagedrebreatherfbr

autonomousdeepseaexploration-makinghimthefirstpersontotakewhatcouldbedescribedasanuntied

spacewalkdeepundertheocean.（他使用電子管理的循環(huán)呼吸器進(jìn)行自主深海探索---這使他成為第一個(gè)在

深海進(jìn)行所謂'無束縛太空漫步’的人。）“此可知，LaurentBallesta是一個(gè)勇敢且有創(chuàng)造力的人。故選B。

C

Whenpeopleviewphotographsoffrighteningspiders,scientistsusuallyobserveincreasedelectricalactivity

deepintheirbrain,inaregioncalledtheperiaqueductalgray（PAG）.TheobviousconclusionisthatthePAG

controlsfight-or-flightresponsesinthreateningsituations.Butwhatifbrainsdon'thavededicatedcircuitsfor

fightingandflighting?Isthreatdetectionreallyaprimarymodeofthebrainwithitsownneuralcircuitry（未申經(jīng)回

路）？

Thisideaoffight-or-flightcircuitsoriginatesfromthe“triunebrain^^modeldividingbrainsintotheso-called

lizardbrain,includingthePAG,forsurvivalfunctions,the“l(fā)imbicsystem“fbremotions,andthe“neocortex”for

higher-orderreasoning.Ifyouknowanythingaboutevolution,youmightknowthatsomethingisspurious.The

onlyanimalonthisplanetwithalizardbrainisalizard.Also,there?snounifiedlimbic"system"orthe“neocortex”

foremotionsorrationality（理性）respectively.Sowheredoesthisleavethefight-or-flightstory?

Recently,changesinPAGactivityhavebeenobservedinnonthreateningtasks,suchasreadingafascinating

articleaboutthebrain.ThePAGhasalsobeenprovedtoregulatebodilysystemscontinuously.Incidentally,this

explainswhyantianxietymedicationsmanageanxietydisorderswithouthealingthem.Theytargetbraincircuits

thataren'tdedicatedtoanxietyorfight-or-flightbutthatsimplyregulatethebody.

Researchesonthebrain?spowersalsocastnewlightonourunderstandings.Indailylife,individualsmight

feelliketheyperceiveandreacttovariousstimuliaseitherthreateningorsafe.Actually,thebrain,usingpast

experiences,skillfullypredictsandformulatesactionplansinanticipationofeventsbeforestimulioccur.The

brain5spreparatorymechanism,metabolically（新陳代謝地）expensive,involvescomplicatedneuronalactivities

forsustainingmultiplepredictionsandcorrespondingactionplansoverextendedperiods.Buttheexperiencesin

fight-or-flightresponsescraftedbyyourbraindon'trevealhowitworks.

Moreover,yourbrain,whichdoesmuchmorethanavoidthreats,handlesacomplexsocialworldfullof

uncertainty.Thafsarecipeforstress.Andwhatisstress?Itreflectsenergypreparationfbranticipatedchallenges.

Yourbrainoftenmakessenseofmetaboliccostofuncertainty,ifitdragsonforlongenough,asanxiety,butthafs

notamust.Peopleseekuncertaintyout——anditspositivecousin,novelty——whentheytrynewfoodsorlearnnew

skills.

Uncertaintyiscommon,butthesedays,withsocialmediaandround-the-clocknewscoverage,itsometimes

bombardsusandleavesusanxiousandexhausted.Butthesefeelingsdon'temergefromfight-or-flightcircuits.

Theymayjustmean,inaneverchangingandonlypartlypredictableworld,thatyou'redoingsomethinghard.

28.TheauthorasksthequestionsinParagraph1to.

A.evaluateastatementB.justifyanassumption

C.challengeanargumentD.introduceanewconcept

29.Whichdoestheunderlinedword“spurious“inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Rare.B.Wrong.C.Limited.D.Unexpected.

30.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

A.Huntingfornoveltyreducesstressandanxiety.

B.MedicinetargetingPAGcuresanxietydisorders.

C.Uncertaintyisaproductofmodernmediaandnewscycles.

D.The"FightorFlight"ideaoverlooksthebrain'spredictivepower.

【答案】28.C29.B30.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了對(duì)“戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑”這一大腦反應(yīng)模式的質(zhì)疑與新的理解。

28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"TheobviousconclusionisthatthePAGcontrolsfight-or-flightresponsesin

threateningsituations.Butwhatifbrainsdon'thavededicatedcircuitsforfightingandflighting?Isthreatdetection

reallyaprimarymodeofthebrainwithitsownneuralcircuitry（神經(jīng)回路）?（顯而易見的結(jié)論是，中腦導(dǎo)水管周

圍灰質(zhì)（PAG）在威脅情況下控制著戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑反應(yīng)。但是，如果大腦并沒有專門用于戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑的回路呢？

威脅探測(cè)真的只是大腦自身神經(jīng)回路的一種主要模式嗎？戶可知，作者在第一段提出問題是為了挑戰(zhàn)一個(gè)論

點(diǎn)，即“戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑”反應(yīng)是否由大腦中的特定回路控制。故選C。

29.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段"Theonlyanimalonthisplanetwithalizardbrainisalizard.Also,there?snounified

limbic'system'orthe'neocortex'foremotionsorrationality（理性）respectively^這個(gè)星球上唯一擁有"蜥蜴腦”

的動(dòng)物就是蜥蜴。此外，也不存在分別負(fù)責(zé)情感或理性的統(tǒng)一“邊緣系統(tǒng)”或“新皮層”）”可知，地球上只有蜥

蜴有蜥蜴腦，也沒有分別用于情感或理性的統(tǒng)一的邊緣“系統(tǒng)”或“新皮質(zhì)”。說明前面提到的“三位一體

腦”模型是錯(cuò)誤的，所以“spurious”意思是能昔誤的"。故選B。

30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段"Indailylife,individualsmightfeelliketheyperceiveandreacttovariousstimulias

eitherthreateningorsafe.Actually,thebrain,usingpastexperiences,skillfullypredictsandformulatesactionplans

inanticipationofeventsbeforestimulioccur.（在日常生活中，人們可能會(huì)覺得他們對(duì)各種刺激的認(rèn)知和反應(yīng)，

要么是將其視為威脅，要么是視為安全。實(shí)際上，大腦會(huì)利用過往的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在刺激發(fā)生之前，巧妙地預(yù)測(cè)

并制定行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，以應(yīng)對(duì)即將發(fā)生的事件）”可知，“戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑”這一觀念忽視了大腦的預(yù)測(cè)能力。大腦利用

過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在刺激發(fā)生之前就能熟練地預(yù)測(cè)并制定行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。故選D。

D

Theartificialintelligence（AI）sectorhasoscillatedbetweenenthusiasmandskepticisminrecentyears.Tech

giantsincludingAlphabet,Amazon,andMicrosoftcollectivelypourednearly200billionintoAIinfrastructurein

2024alone,surpassingtheGDPofnationslikeHungaryorNewZealand.Nvidia,dominatingtheAl-chipmarket,

witnesseditsvaluationskyrocketto3.4trillionaschipsalesdoubled-agrowthratethreetimesfasterthanthe

semiconductorindustryaverage.Meanwhile,serverproviderslikeDellreportedunprecedenteddemand,withAI

servershipmentsjumping78%year-on-year,signalingAl'stransformativepotentialacrossindustriesfromdrug

discoverytoautonomousdriving.

Yetbeneaththesurface,challengesloom.TrainingadvancedAImodelsconsumesstaggeringenergy一

equivalenttopowering15millionUShouseholdsannually-raisingconcernsaboutlong-termviability（可持續(xù)

性）.InregionslikeIreland,datacentersalreadyconsume18%ofnationalelectricity,strainingagingpowergrids.

Servermanufacturersandenergyfirmsstruggletomeetdata-centerdemands,withdeliverydelaysforAi-optimized

serversextendingto48weeksin2024.Criticsarguethatcurrentinvestmentsmirrorpasttechbubbles:the$200

billionAIinfrastructurespendingrepresents65%ofthe1999dot-combubble'speakinvestmentadjustedfor

inflation.AlanSmith,atechanalyst,defendsthespending,"Al'scapacitytorevolutionizehealthcare-suchas

cuttingcancerdrugdevelopmenttimefrom10yearsto18months-justifiesshort-termcosts.^^However,

opponentscounterthatprofit-drivencorporationsprioritizemarketdominanceoverethicalconsiderations,citing

Meta's2023AIethicsboarddisbandmentasevidence.

Amidthesemountingpressures,competitionisgoingtofurthercomplicatesthelandscapeofAI

development.Upstart（新興的）firmslikeUK-basedGraphcoreandChina'sCambriconchallengeindustryleaders

bycreatingcompact,energy-efficientAItools.Forinstance,startupsnowofferspecializedchipssuchas

Graphcore9sIPU（IntelligenceProcessingUnit）at40%lowercoststhanNvidia'sproducts,democratizingaccessto

AItechnology.Thisfragmentationmirrorsthe1980sPCmarketshakeup,whereIBM'sdominancewaserodedby

agilecompetitors.Investors,initiallyinfatuatedwithAl'spromise,growwaryofover-commitment.Arecent

McKinseysurveyrevealed62%ofshareholdersbelieveAIfirmsmustclarifytheirfinancialstrategieswithintwo

years,ademandintensifiedbyOpenAFs$540millionquarterlylossesdespiteChatGPT'ssuccess.

Inaddition,theenvironmentaleffectsmakeitincreasinglyurgenttotacklethischallengehead-on.Data

centersaccountfor3%ofglobalelectricityuse——afigurematchingaviation'scarbonfootprint——projectedto

tripleby2030.TheInternationalEnergyAgencywarnsthatunregulatedAIgrowthcouldincreaseglobalCO2

emissionsby1.5%annually,underminingclimategoals.WhilecompanieslikeMicrosoftinvestinrenewable

energy,constructingsolarfarmstopowerArizonadatacenters,criticsdemandstricterregulations.TheEU's

proposedArtificialIntelligenceActnowincludesprovisionsrequiringenergytransparencyforAIsystems.Dr.

EmilyZhou,asustainabilityresearcheratTsinghuaUniversity,warns,""Unlessaccompaniedbyrobustregulatory

measures,AFsecologicalenvironmentrisksoffsettingitstechnologicaladvancements,asexemplifiedbyChina?s

carbontaxinitiativetargetingdatacenters-apolicyframeworktobalanceindustrialprogresswithenvironmental

management.9,

AstheAIsectorgrappleswithescalatingenergyconsumption,ethicalcontroversies,andspeculative

investmentpatterns,theAIindustrystandsatacrossroads.Itspotentialtoreshapeeconomiesisundeniable一PwC

estimatesAIcouldcontri